Kune vanhu vazhinji, zviri pachena kuti zvakasiyana mhando dzembeu Zvinokosha pakurarama panyika, sezvo zvichiita kuti miti yakanaka ikure uye zvichibatanidzwawo mukurima. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvezviyo zvidiki izvi! Ipapa chete.
Chii chinonzi Mbeu?
Mbeu imbeu dzinokura zvinomera, uye kuti kana dzakadyarwa muvhu dzinobudisa miuyo mitsva inoenderana nemhando imwe chete, inowirirana nemhando dzakawanda dzemarudzi. Pakutanga, mbeu ndiyo nheyo yezvokudya zvinodyiwa nevanhu, avo kubva pakutanga kwenguva vanodyara nekukohwa zvokudya zvavo kuburikidza nekushandisa mbeu.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kuburikidza neizvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvakanaka uye zvine utano zvinogona kuwanikwa, patinofunga nezvembeu, tinobva tafunga kuti chikamu chakaoma chiri mukati memichero, zvisinei, kana tikaongorora zvishoma pamusoro peizvi, tinogona kuziva kuti Nhengo dzembeu Iwo anoumbwa neakakosha masisitimu matatu, anoti: matishu ekuchengetedza, embryo nemavharo ekudzivirira.
Kune rimwe divi, zvakare kuti mbeu chikamu chechirimwa che spermatophyte, sezvo mbeu dzinowana kubva mukumera kweiyo ovula yegymnosperm kana angiosperm, iyo, yakaiswa panzvimbo chaiyo, inobereka zvirimwa zvitsva uye nokudaro inova. mavambo echikafu nemimwe michero yemiti. Mhuka dzinobuda kubva kumbeu dzinowanzosiyana kubva kumiti yaamai uye dzinobva mukuberekana kwepabonde kwechirimwa.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, mbeu dzinogona kunzi zvimwe zvikamu zvezvirimwa zvisina hukama nemichero yemiti, semuenzaniso: stems, bulbs, tubers, midzi, pakati pezvimwe, sezvo inogona kumera uye kugadzira chirimwa chitsva. nyaya yaizove yakafanana neyechirimwa yaamai uye yave nemimba kuburikidza nekubereka kweasexual.
Basa reMbeu
Mbeu dzinozadzisa basa rakafanana nezai mumhuka ine oviparous, zvinoreva kuti zvirimwa zvinonzi spermatophytes kana phanerogams zvinopararira kuitira kuti mhuri yavo ikure, zvisinei, zvirimwa hazvina simba remhuka rekukwanisa kuunganidza. , kana mamwe maitiro.
Ndizvo chaizvo nekuda kweichi chikonzero ivo vakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekutamira kune itsva horizons, uye avo vane mabhenefiti mazhinji mune izvi ndeavo vanofamba nemuchero wavo kana maruva, nekuti vanogona kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva kwavakabva. uye kubva pachimiro ichi chinowedzera kuvapo kwayo. Basa rinonyanya kukosha rembeu kubereka, nokuti ndiyo conductive basa rembeu embryo.
Zvinenge zvibereko zvose zvinozivikanwa uye zvisingazivikanwi zvine mhodzi, uye kana zvikagayiwa nevanhu nemhuka zvinoguma chero kupi zvako pasi, chero bedzi zvichiwira panzvimbo yakakodzera, kubereka kwavo kunogadzirwa kubva ipapo, nenzira iyi vanogona kupararira. kunzvimbo dzakasiyana pasi rose.
Izvo zvakasiyana mhando dzembeu vane faculty uye ndiko kuti vanogona kumirira kusvika mamiriro ekumera akanaka kana kuti anoratidzwa kuti abereke, kureva kuti kana vakawira pasi pevhu risina mamiriro ekumera, havadaro. kutozosvikira yagadzirira kubereka kwayo kwakarurama, nenzira iyi vamwe vanopedza mwaka yakareba vachimirira mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwoiwo kuti amere.
Mhando dzembeu
Kune akawanda mhando dzembeu, asi parizvino vanosiyaniswa maererano nerubatsiro uye mashandisirwo avanopihwa, pazasi tinogona kutaura zvimwe zve makirasi embeu:
mhodzi dzemuriwo
Mbeu dzemuriwo dziripo mumhando dzakasiyana uye hukuru, semuenzaniso; tinogona kuwana mumagaka dzimwe mbeu dzakasvibirira dzakasvibirira muchimiro chedonhwe uye dziri munzvimbo yepakati pemuriwo. Mbeu dzekaroti, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinokura mukati memashizha echikamu chinotumbuka chechirimwa, ichidzigadzira kana isina kukohwewa uye inosiiwa kuti itumbuke.
Kumera kwakasiyana kune zvirimwa zvakawanda, zvisinei, kazhinji mhodzi dzose dzinoda kudiridzwa zvakanaka kuti dzimere zvakanaka.
mhodzi dzemichero
Mbeu dzemichero dziriko muhukuru hwakasiyana, maumbirwo, uye maumbirwo. Muchero wega wega une mhodzi yakasiyana nedzimwe, semuenzaniso; Kana ari maavocado ane mhodzi huru pakati pemuchero wega wega ane gobvu uye anopenya, uye akapfuma mumafuta acids, omega 3 nemamwe mafuta ane hutano. Kana iri mapichisi, ane gomba mukati memupupa anogona kumera mumuti wavo kana akasimwa pasi pemamiriro akakodzera.
Mbeu yemaruva
Mbeu dzemaruva dzakasiyana kwazvo maererano nemaitiro emuvara, chimiro uye chimiro, muzviitiko zvakawanda ivo vane kirimu, tsvuku uye dema, maererano nehukuru hwavo ivo vakasiyanawo zvikuru. Mamwe maruva ane mhodzi idiki kwazvo pane yemuriwo, twuzviyo twudiki twunoreruka uye mhepo inokwanisa kuzvifambisa kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.
Mbeu dzinodyiwa
Mbeu dzinodyiwa dzinogadzirwa dzakawanda kuti dzidyiwe nevanhu, sezvinoitwa nemhodzi dzesunflower. Mbeu idzi dzinoshandiswa sechikamu chekudya uye dzinewo mapuroteni, B mavhitaminzi nemamineral.
Pakati pemimwe mienzaniso yembeu dzinodyiwa, tinogona kuwana iyo yeflax, mustard, legumes, kumini uye sesame pamwe chete nenzungu nemhodzi yemichero. Zvizhinji zvinodyiwa zvine mavhitamini e B uye mapuroteni, asi mbeu yega yega ine mabhenefiti ayo kuvanhu uye maitiro ekukura.
- Enhanced: Idzo dzakagadziridzwa imbeu dzakapfuura nenzira dzakasiyana dzekusarudza uye matekiniki, senge inodzorwa mukume, kukwirisa humwe hunhu hwadzo, nekudaro zita radzo.
- mwana: Ndidzo dzakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti chirimwa chisanyatsokura, vanoita izvi nechinangwa chekuti tsanga dzirambe dziri diki, dzichigadzira zvirimwa zvine chimiro chakapfava uye chinotapira, chakanyanya kutetepa, chine chimiro chakasimba uye chinopenya. coloration.
- Mbeu dzakauchikwa: Idzi imbeu dzakagadzirwa nemuchinjiko pakati pemhando mbiri dzembeu dzakasiyana . Izvi zvine maitiro akatanhamara, akadai se; kufanana, kukura nokukurumidza, midzi yakasimba uye madzinde, kunze kwekupa muchero wepamusoro.
- creoles: Mbeu dzeCreole ndidzo dzakajairana nenzvimbo yakapihwa, kungave kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwakananga kwevanhu kana nekuti zvinongoitika zvega. Iwo maitiro ezvekurima uye zvechinyakare zvekurima, anoshandiswa nevarimi vemumunda kudyara nekugadzira zvirimwa zvakanakisa, semuenzaniso isu tine nyaya yematomatisi, chili, mango, avocado, papaya, peach, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda zvibereko zveminda yedu.
Kukosha Kwemhando dzeMbeu
Mbeu dzakanyanya kukosha, sezvo dzichishandiswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, kungave kugadzira chikafu kana semafomu anopa hupenyu, ese ane maitiro anoita kuti ive akasiyana uye akasiyana nevamwe, kune mhodzi dzakaomarara uku. mamwe akapfava uye anogona kutsenga nyore nyore, anowanikwa mune akasiyana mavara, tinogona kutaura kuti kukosha kwawo kuri mune zvinotevera:
- Ndivo chikamu chakakosha chekudya kwevanhu.
- Vanoumba chikamu chakakosha chekurima, zvichipa miriwo uye zvakasiyana Mhando dzemichero.
- Zvinoshandiswa sechikafu chikuru chehuwandu hwemhando dzemhuka, zvese izvo zvinopfuyiwa nevarume, uye izvo zvinowanikwa musango.
- Izvi zvinogona kugara zvakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba, nenzira iyi raramo yevanhu vari pasi pano inogona kuvimbiswa.
Mbeu Dzakasiyana-siyana
Pakati pezvakasiyana mhando dzembeu izvo zviripo, zvinogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nemaitiro mazhinji, semuenzaniso ndeye nyaya yekuti zvinodyiwa here kana kwete. Pazasi isu tichataura zvimwe zve mhando dzembeu kazhinji
mhodzi dzesunflower
Mbeu dzesunflower isarudzo ine hutano hwekudya sesvutugadzike, sezvo yakapfuma mumapuroteni emiriwo uye yakakosha mafuta acids, inewo zvimwe zvinovaka muviri nemamineral senge magnesium, potassium kana mavhitaminzi E uye B yakaoma.
Linseed kana Linseed
Mbeu yeflakisi kana flaxseed imhando yezviyo zvinodyiwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ine lignans inoita antioxidant basa.
Mbeu dzenhanga
Muchiitiko ichi, mhodzi dzenhanga dzinomiririra sarudzo yemuriwo yekudya kwevegan kana yemuriwo, idzi ndidzo mhodzi dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwemapuroteni emiriwo aripo.
Chia mhodzi
Izvi zvinonyanya kufarirwa munyika yekubika uye kudya kunovaka muviri, sezvo nekuda kwekukora kwavo zvinhu, vanozviita imwe nzira kune zvigadzirwa zvakadai seshuga uye hupfu hwakanatswa, pakati pevamwe. Izvi zvinewo mafiber akawanda uye mapuroteni emiriwo.
Mhodzi dzeMoringa
Mbeu dzeMoringa dzinodyiwawo, sezvakaita midzi yechirimwa ichi. Ivo vane hunhu hwekudya nekuti iwo akanaka sosi yemavhitamini nemaminerari anodiwa zvakanyanya kumuviri wemunhu.
Mhodzi dzeSesame
Sesame kana sesame zvakajairika, zvinowanzoonekwa zvakanyanya muchingwa nemabhanzi. Izvi zvinowanzo pfuma mu calcium uye mapuroteni, pakati pezvimwe zvinovaka muviri, pamwe nekuve akasikwa antioxidant.
Fennel mbeu
Vane calcium yakawanda uye inzvimbo yesimbi, faibha, potasium uye magnesium, idzi imbeu dzinodyiwa uye dzinogonawo kuwedzerwa semadimendi ezvokudya zvakasiyana kana kuiswa pachingwa.
mhodzi dzepapaya
Mbeu idzi dzinodyiwa zvachose uye dzinogona kugayiwa dzakakwana, dzakapwanyika, kana pamwe chete nemvura. Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kune yavo yekurapa zvivakwa kudzivirira itsvo kutadza kana kupisa kwemoyo, pakati pevamwe.
mhodzi dzeapuro
Mbeu dzeapuro dzine zvinhu zvakanaka uye zvine hutano kuvanhu, dzine mhando yevhitamini inonzi amygdalin kana B17 iyo, kana yakapwanyika kana kutsengwa, inoshanduka kuita hydrogen cyanide. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakawanda (anenge 20 km), inogona kuva chepfu inouraya.
tsanga yemasitadhi
Mbeu yemasitadhi inozivikanwa seyakarungwa ine yakakosha yekunhuhwirira, mukuwedzera kune dzimwe nzira dzekuishandisa, senge mukurapa infusions.
Zvikamu zveMbeu
Mbeu dzinobva kunze dzinowanzoita sedzakabatana uye dzine homogeneous, zvisinei, mukati mavo unogona kusiyanisa zvikamu zvavo zvose, zvakasiyana zvikuru. Pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvembeu tinogona kuwana zvinotevera:
Embryo
"embryo" yakafanana nemhuka, chirimwa chidiki panobva pakura chirimwa chitsva. Inowanikwa mukati membeu munzvimbo yakarara, ichimirira nguva yekumera. Izvi zvinosanganisira 4 zvimwe zvikamu zvinoti:
- Radicle: Ndiwo mudzi mukuru we embryo, kubva mairi mimwe midzi yechirimwa inobuda.
- Plume: Iri ibud, kumagumo kwakatarisana neradicle.
- hypocotyl: Ndiyo nzvimbo iri pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvakapfuura, iyo kana ichikura ichaita dzinde.
- Cotyledon: Inowanzova imwe chete kana maviri, zvichienderana nekuti sirivha ndeye dicot kana monocot. Aya ndiwo mashizha ekutanga echokwadi echirimwa.
Endosperm
Inofanana nekuve chikamu chinotora vhoriyamu yakakura kwazvo yembeu, ivo vanoumbwa zvakanyanya nesitashi, inzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye chikafu chekuti embryo idye panguva yayo yekutanga kukura.
Episperm
Ndiyo yekunze yembeu uye yakanyanya kuoma, inoparadzanisa embryo ne endosperm kubva kune zvikara nekutyisidzira.