Kana iwe uchida kudzidza kuti organic fetereza kana manyowa anogadzirwa sei, pano tinokuratidza mamwe Mhando dzeCompost nehunhu hwadzo. Paunenge uchigadzira compost, kudzokororwa kwemarara emarara kunoshandiswa, senge masara emashizha eretisi, bhiti, mapeel orenji nemabhanana, pakati pezvimwe zvinosara zvekudya zvinoraswa uye nenzira iyi tinogona kuwana chigadzirwa chechisikigo chaunogona kubhadhara. pasi. Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive mhando huru dzeCompost, dzinoshandiswa.
manyowa
Muchisikigo, zvirimwa zvinotora kudya uye zvicherwa kubva muvhu revhu izvo zvinounganidza kudya kubva mukuora kwemashizha, midzi, madzinde, uye zvisaririra zvemhuka. Nechinangwa chekupa chikafu kune zvinomera zvinorimwa pasina kushandisa makemikari mafetiraiza, uye kutevedzera dzidziso dzechisikigo, manyowa anogadzirwa. Nokudaro, manyowa ivhu remupfudze kana kuti fetiraiza ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kana hunyanzvi hwekutsanangudza, kubva pakuora kwezvisaririra zvemuriwo, uye kana yaiswa muvhu zvakare, zvirimwa zvinotora chikafu.
Miti inokura mudzimba nguva dzose inoda kudya panguva yekukura kwayo uye kana yakasimwa muhari, kudya kwevhu kunogumira, nekuda kweizvi kunofanirwa kupiwa nekuisa fetiraiza kana fetiraiza, ingave makemikari kana organic. Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza mari uye uine nzvimbo yakakwana, iwe une sarudzo yekugadzira compost kumba uye nekudaro kupa chikafu kune zvirimwa zvaunokura.
Kuora kwechigadzirwa ichi chinowanikwa mushure mekufamba nenzira yekuparara pane imwe tembiricha uye hunyoro kusvika yave manyowa kana organic zvinhu zvakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri. Kuti zvidyarwa nemhuka dzinobatanidzwa mukuparara dziparare, kuwedzera kune hunyoro hwakakodzera uye tembiricha mamiriro, ma microorganisms anofanirawo kupindira: fungi, mabhakitiriya, zvipembenene, molluscs uye vamwe, mushure meimwe nguva yenguva, mhedzisiro inowanikwa. kupera kupfuura manyowa.
Kana zvinhu zvacho zvaparara zvachose, rima rakasvibira organic fertilizer kana compost inowanikwa, kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakafanana nevhu nyowani uye kana ukaita ongororo yekubereka, huwandu uye rudzi rwechikafu icho chinoumbwa nacho chicharatidzwa. Iyi organic fertilizer inokurudzirwa kushandiswa kudzorera ivhu rezvirimwa muhari, maplanter, akadyarwa zvakananga muvhu remagadheni uye zvirimwa zvekurima.
Mupfudze unoshandiswawo kudzivirira ivhu kuti risaora, nekubatsira kupa chikafu chinotendera kuti chitubu chiitwe izvo zvinotungamira kuchengetedza ivhu nekugadzira humus kana organic matter, kumisa mutsetse wepamusoro wevhu unochengetedza zvakadzika zvidimbu zvevhu. ivhu. , uko makemikari uye emuviri maitiro ekuumbwa kwechimiro chevhu, porosity, kutorwa kwezvimwe zvinovaka muviri, acidity kana alkalinity yevhu zviri kuitwa, izvo zviri chikamu chechimiro chevhu.
Mhando dzeCompost
Zvinoenderana nezvambotaurwa, manyowa kana manyowa anowanikwa kubva mumuriwo nemhuka. Kuti mupfudze, mbishi uyu unofanirwa kupinda mukuora uye kuvirisa izvo zvinoita kuti kudya kubatsire kudzoreredza ivhu kana yaiswa muvhu zvakare uye zvirimwa zvoshandisa zvavanenge vachida pakuberekesa.
Organic fetereza kana manyowa anogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa masara ehuswa huchangobva kuchekwa kana kuchekererwa, mashizha akaoma, miriwo, mamwe madiki madiki nemidzi. Unogonawo kushandisa manyowa, fishmeal, sawdust, semuenzaniso. Zvisaririra zvinogadzirwa kubva mumabasa ekurima zvakanaka kwazvo kushandisa mukugadzira manyowa. Zvichienderana nezvakashandiswa zvakashandiswa, nzira inoshandiswa, marudzi akasiyana ecompost achawanikwa. Heano mamwe marudzi.
basic compost
Iyo inzira iri nyore yekugadzira organic matter, inogadzirwa nekuisa akati wandei zvidimbu zveorganic matter imwe pamusoro peimwe uye nekuziva kuti tembiricha nehunyoro hwakakwana. Fetereza iyi inogadzirwa mukati metangi rakavharwa kana rakashama kana mudziyo. Pakugadzira manyowa mumudziyo wakavharwa, inofanira kunge iine zviyero zvakaringana uye inovimbisa tembiricha nehunyoro inodiwa kuti iwane kuparara kwezvakashandiswa kugadzira manyowa. Nguva yekugadzira inogona kuva mwedzi yakawanda.
Kana manyowa akaitwa kunze, gomba rinovhurwa pasi uye zvinhu zvakasvibira zvinozoora zvinoiswa muzvidimbu. Muchiitiko ichi, kuparara kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira manyowa nekukurumidza, izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwevhu tupukanana tunowedzera kukurumidza kuparara. Zvinhu zvinoora zvinofanira kuchinjwa nguva nenguva, kuitira kuti musanganiswa wose uparare zvakaenzana.
inopisa manyowa
Inoshandiswa seyakasvibirira kugadzira iyi mhando yemacompost, manyowa, ivhu nemvura, inogadzirirwa kuiswa pasi. Mabhakitiriya eAerobic anotora chikamu mukuparara kwezvinhu kuburikidza nekuchinjanisa oksijeni kubva mumhepo. Mhando yecompost inopisa iyi yagara ichigadzirwa muzvirimwa zvekurima kumaruwa. Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kugadzirira iyi manyowa inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo ine mumvuri muduku, inofefetera uye munzvimbo yakazaruka, inogadzirwa pasi.
Kuti uite rudzi urwu rwemacompost, mutsara wematavi emiti nemakwenzi anoiswa pamusoro pevhu, pamwe chete nezvinhu zviduku uye zvakakora zvakadai sehuswa huchangobva kuchekwa hunoramba huripo, mashizha akaoma, mamwe maruva, akanyoroveswa mberi. . Kuti uwedzere kutonhora, chidimbu chemupfudze chinoiswa, uye mazuva anotevera, ivhu rinoiswa pamusoro pemusanganiswa uyu uye zvose zvakanamwa nekuwedzera mvura shoma.
Iyi gadziriro inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa kugadzira manyowa inopisa inodzokororwa katatu kana kana kusvika murwi wasvika kureba hunosvika 1,75 metres. Kuti irege kupararira, matanda nematavi anoiswa pamicheto yemurwi kuti atsigire uye kupa kugadzikana kumurwi wose.
Murwi uyu wakafukidzwa netarpaulin kana epurasitiki uye nenzira iyi inodzivirira kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, senge mvura, nemwaranzi yezuva, mhepo ine simba nezvimwe. Sezvo manyowa uye zvinhu zvebazi zvinoora, maitiro ekuora anowedzera tembiricha kusvika pa60°C. Mazuva anotevera tembiricha inodzikira uye, kana izvi zvaitika, mvura inofanira kuiswa pamurwi wemacompost kuti basa ripere.
kofi manyowa
Sekutaura kwaro zita, tsvina yekofi inoshandiswa kugadzira mhando yecompost kana fetereza iyi, tsvina yerudzi urwu inosiyaniswa nekuti inoora nekukasika. Aya masara ekofi anoiswa mugomba muvhu. Gomba iri rinofanira kuvharwa zvachose. Rudzi urwu rwecompost inogadzirwa kubva mukofi inogadzirwa uye yakagadzirira kushandiswa mumavhiki mashoma. Fetereza yekofi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima nekuti ine chikamu chikuru chenitrogen. Kana fetereza iyi yakasanganiswa nemvura, panogona kuwanikwa mvura yakanaka yenitrogen fetereza.
Compost kana earthworm humus
Worm compost kana earthworm humus, sezita rayo rinoratidza, inogadzirwa pachishandiswa makonye, kunyanya manyoka matsvuku, anozivikanwa nezita resainzi rekuti lumbricus rubellus, yekuva mhuka ine saprophagous inodya zvinhu zvehupenyu zvakaita semupfudze. Munguva yekushandiswa kwemupfudze, magasi anoburitswa uye vhitamini B12 inogadzirwa muzvinhu zvakasvibiswa nehonye, kuwedzera kune zvimwe zvinovaka muviri.
Kugadzira fetereza kuburikidza nemakonye matsvuku kune chinangwa chekugadzira mamiriro akakodzera kuitira kuti makonye matsvuku aya agadzire fetereza yemhando yepamusoro uye kuwedzera kudya kunovaka muvhu rekurima. Fetereza iyi inobatsira zvikuru zvirimwa uye tupukanana tunoshanda musymbiosis nemidzi yezvirimwa, kudzivirira kubva pakusvibiswa nefungi uye mabhakitiriya.
Makonye matsvuku anodya pane zvakasiyana organic zvinhu, zvinosanganisira masara echikafu, kunze kwemichero yecitrus nemiriwo yegariki nemhuri yehanyanisi. Kune iyi nzira yekugadzira compost nevermiculture, inonziwo vermicomposting, inofanirwa kunge iine mwero wakanaka wekunyorova kwezvakatipoteredza, inosvika 70%, uye tembiricha ye21 ° C paavhareji, mamiriro aya anovimbisa kuberekana kwemidzi uye kugadzirwa kwe mbeu, fetereza.
manyowa ehuku manyowa
Panguva yekugadzira manyowa, inosangana neshiri kuti ibatsire organic zvinhu kuti zvidzike nekukurumidza. Huku dzinogaro shandiswa kubatsira mukugadzira manyowa. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti huku dzinodya organic, zvinhu izvi zvinoendeswa kunodyiwa huku. Panguva imwe chete, huku dzinobatanidza tsvina yadzo, inonzi manyowa ehuku. Mupfudze wehuku unomhanyisa kuparara kweorganic matter nekudaro fetereza kana manyowa anogadzirwa nekukasika.
manyowa eJapan
Mupfudze uyu unobva kuJapan unonziwo "bokashi", wakabuda kubva kuvarimi vemupunga venyika iyoyo, avo nechinangwa chekugadzira fetireza kana manyowa kubva mumarara kubva muminda yemupunga kuJapan. Iyo ine mukana wekuti kugadzirwa kwayo kwefetereza inokurumidza kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yekugadzirwa kwefotereza yakajairika kana yechinyakare.
Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuti fetiraiza yeJapan kana bokashi, ma microorganisms anowedzerwa kune yakabikwa kuti abudise iyi fetiraiza, iyo inogadzirwa nemvura, molasses uye mbiriso, organic matter inokurumidza kuparara uye fetireza inogadzirwa nekukurumidza. Kune compost ye bokashi vanowedzerawo manyowa anogadzirwa nehuku manyowa nemadota, mazambiringa emupunga uye marasha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogona kuchinjana zvichipa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvinovaka muviri.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge anotevera zvinyorwa, kuti iwe urambe uchisvika pakuziva iyo inoshamisa hunhu uye maitirwo atingaite nekuzvichengeta: