Zvirimwa muzvisikwa zvine maitiro akasiyana ehupenyu kana hupenyu, zvichienderana nehukama hwavo nenharaunda yavo, izvi ndezvi: miti, shrubs kana herbs. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chaunodzidza nezvezvirimwa uye kunyanya nezve Mhando dzeMiti. Kupa mhinduro kune chinonzi muti, zvikamu zvaro, maitiro, mashandisirwo, uyewo mienzaniso yemarudzi emiti.
Mhando dzeMiti uye Hunhu hwayo
Ngatitangei nekujekesa kuti miti chii, vamwe vanyori vanobvumirana mukunongedza: kuti miti yepasi, miti yemiti, yehurefu hwepakati kana kureba, ine hunde uye ramifications kubva 1 kusvika 4 metres kumusoro, iyo inokwira kusvika kumusoro, branching inogona kuwedzera kana kushoma kugadzirwa. Miti inoratidzirwawo nekusimba kwehunde yavo, hupamhi hwematavi avo uye mararamiro avo akasiyana-siyana.
Zvinoenderana netsanangudzo iyi yemiti, ivo vari, kuwedzera kune yakakura, yepakati kana diki zvirimwa zvine maitiro ambotaurwa, asiwo mamwe marudzi ecacti, michindwe, miti ferns uye kunyange mamwe frailejones (zvinomera zvinowanikwa muAndean Cordillera).
Sezvambotaurwa, hukama hwavo nemhoteredzo hunosarudza mararamiro emiti (miti, makwenzi, kana miriwo), saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chimiro chemiti chinokonzerwawo neukama hwavo nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza, zvakadai semamiriro ekunze. uye ivhu. Tichifunga izvi, miti inoita basa rekutanga mune zvakasikwa.
Zvichienderana nehukama uhwu, miti inogona kurarama kwenguva refu uye kurarama kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri kusvika kumakore zviuru zvishanu se "Bristlecone Pine", inoyera mamita mana kana kupfuura 4 metres se eucalyptus regnans, izvo zvienzaniso zvinozivikanwa zvinoyera zvinosvika 140 metres pakureba. Zvakare, mamwe ane hunde dzakatetepa uye mamwe hunde ane dhayamita makumi matatu, seBaobabs neAhuehuetes.
Zvinhu zvemiti
Zvinhu zvemiti zvinomiririrwa nemudzi, trunk uye korona, pamwe chete nekukura kwakaenzana kwezvinhu zvitatu izvi panguva yekukura kwavo, nechinangwa chekuchengetedza chikamu chenguva dzose chezvikamu zvavo. Uku kukwidziridzwa kwezvikamu zvawo ndiko kwavanodaidza kuti mavakirwo emuti. Ichi chivakwa chemuti ndiyo morphological kuratidzwa, iyo yave iri iyo inooneka.
Midzi
Midzi ndiyo tsigiro uye chekudya chezvirimwa zvese, nekuti mabasa avo makuru kutorwa kwemvura nemamineral salt inoshanda se hydration uye chikafu chezvirimwa uye mune iyi nyaya miti. Vanotsigirawo kuchengetedza muti pasi uye kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze akadai semhepo kubva pakuvadonhedza pasi, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi miti ine midzi yemidzi inowanzowedzera yakatarisa, yepakati uye yepivoting kana yakadzika. Inzwi rayo rakafanana nehuwandu hwemuti wemuti.
Iyo danda
Hunde yacho ine bumbiro rehuni rinowanzoita matavi kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira kubva pasi, iyo inozivikanwa sekapu, mumukombe uyu mashizha (mashizha) anoumbwa, uye maruva nemichero zvinokura. Mukati mehunde mune xylem, iyo yave iri hurongwa hunofambisa mvura kubva kumidzi kusvika kune korona (matavi, mashizha, maruva nemichero). Uye zvakare ne phloem, inova chikamu chevascular tissue iyo mvura uye chikafu chinopfuura chakatarisana ne xylem. Ose ari maviri xylem uye phloem anopa iyo lignified kuenderana kune madzinde emiti.
Mukombe (matavi nemashizha)
Korona yemiti inoumbwa nechikamu chine matavi emuti, kureva, matavi nemashizha uye inowanikwa munzvimbo yepamusoro yemiti. Mashizha inhengo dzakakosha dzezvirimwa, muchiitiko ichi miti inotora zvicherwa zvinowanikwa mumhepo, simba rezuva, uye inoshandura kuita shuga kuti idye chirimwa uye kuburitsa okisijeni mumhepo. Rangarira kuti miti zvisikwa zve autotrophic, izvo zvinogadzira chikafu chazvo. Ichi chikafu chezvirimwa chinogadzirwa kuburikidza ne biochemical reaction inonzi photosynthesis.
Maruva
Mumiti inotumbuka inhengo dzekuberekana dzemiti nekudaro miti. Ane zvikamu zvina: calyx, corolla, stamens, uye ovary kana gynoecium.
Iyo calyx yemaruva ndiyo inogona kuonekwa neziso rakashama uye iwo sepals, ayo ari mashizha akasvibira anodzivirira ruva. Iyo corolla ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza chikamu chemaruva, inoumbwa neakawanda maruva mapepa emavara akasiyana uye akawanda anonzi petals. Mitezo yekubereka ndeye stamens uye ovary kana gynoecium, zvose zviri pakati peruva.
Zvibereko
Kana ruva rikangogadzirwa, michero inoumbwa. Mumichero ndiyo mhodzi, michero inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa. Zvibereko zvinogona kuva nyama kana yakaoma. Michero ine nyama semuenzaniso, maapuro, mapichisi, maranjisi. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzungu ndezvi: acorns, walnuts, hazelnuts, pakati pevamwe.
Mhando dzeMiti nehukuru
Muzvisikwa kune zviuru zana zvemiti yemiti, yakawanda yeiyi inokura munzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi, kugadzirisa morphology yavo uye physiology zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye edaphic enzvimbo imwe neimwe. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa zvichikura munzvimbo dzakasikwa uye muzvinhu zvipenyu zvinopindirana nemunhu akadai semaguta.
Zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune maviri makuru marongero, aya ndeaya: Parasol kana polyaxial mhando uye candelabra kana monoaxial mhando. Aya marongero emiti ndeyekupindura kugadzirisa dambudziko iro mashizha anogamuchira yakanyanya kunaka insolation mukati mezuva. Iyi mhinduro inochengetedza kuenzana nekuwanikwa kwemvura yepasi, uye zvakare ne eco-physiology yechirimwa.
Parasol kana polyaxial shaft
Mumhando iyi yemuti, matavi anoparadzana kubva pabazi raamai ari chinhambwe chikuru kubva pasi uye anotambanudzira kusvika pahurefu hwakafanana. Iyi nzira yekuronga matavi inobvumira mashizha ose emuti wemuti kuti agamuchire zvakakwana mashizha ezuva masikati. Inogona kuonekwa mumiti yemhuri yeFabaceas, somuenzaniso: carob.
Candelabra kana monoaxial mhando muti
Mumhando iyi yemuti, bazi guru hariparadzanisi asi kure kure kubva pachigadziko. Mapazi epamusoro, mushure merudzi rwekuraswa zvisina kujeka, anokurumidza kutwasanudza uye azviise panzvimbo yakaenzana naamai kana bazi guru, semiti yeBurseraceae, semuti wezvinonhuwira (Boswellia sacra) zvichida muti wakabva parusenzi inotaurwa muBhaibheri sechipo neveMagi.
Kugadziriswa kwerudzi urwu rwekukura kwebazi, rudzi rwe candelabra, inyaya yemiti yemiti inodzvinyirira maitiro avo uye kukurumidza kukura kwechidzitiro kunokonzera kuti matavi mashomanana aiswe pamusoro pekorona yemuti. Somuenzaniso, miti ferns, michindwe, Cycas, Guapuruvu, nevamwe.
Mhando dzeDeciduous uye Evergreen Miti
Miti, zvichienderana nekugara kwemashizha ayo panguva yekukura kwayo uye nguva yegore, inonzi deciduous kana evergreen. Munzvimbo dzinopisa, kurasikirwa kwemashizha ayo kunoitika nekuda kwekushayikwa kana kuwanda kwemvura uye kunoitika panguva yekuoma, nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura. Munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, anoitika mumwaka yechando nechando, umo mamiriro okunze akaipa.
miti inodonha
Izwi rekuti deciduous ishoko rakasanganiswa iro rinoumbwa kubva pamudzi wechiLatin "caducus", zvinoreva kuwa, uye "folium", zvinoreva shizha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muti unodonha kana rudzi rwemuti unodonha zvinoreva kuti muti unorasikirwa nemashizha pakupera kwekutenderera kwekukura, semhinduro yehupenyu inobvumira kushandiswa kwehungwaru kwezvokudya zvakabatwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. kunyanya mumwaka wematsutso nechando munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye mwaka wekuoma munzvimbo dzinopisa.
Munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, kudonha kwemashizha mumwaka wekuvhuvhuta kunoshamisa zvikuru, iyi nzira inosiyana zvichienderana nekunaya kwemvura kana kunyange munguva yechando, sezvinoonekwa mumuti wemaple. Iri shizha rinodonha rinogadzirisa kunobatsira, sezvo marudzi emiti anorasikirwa nemashizha haafaniri kushandisa simba munguva yechando achidzivirira mashizha awo kubva kuchando.
Munharaunda dzinopisa, kune nzvimbo dzakadai semasango ane miti mitema uko kunaya kwemvura kwakasimba zvikuru panguva imwe chete yegore uye ipapo mwaka wakajeka zvikuru wokusanaya kwemvura unosvika. Munzvimbo idzi, miti inodonha mashizha inobvisa mashizha kuitira kuti muti wacho uchengetedze mvura yakawanda sezvinobvira mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura. Miti isina mashizha inonwa mvura yepasi munguva yekusanaya kwemvura.
Munyika dzinopisa, miti yakawanda inodonha mashizha mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura, uye zvinogonawo kuitika kuti mumasango anogara achinaya mvura, inzvimbo dzine mvura yakakwana, mwando wemhoteredzo uye kuwanikwa kwemvura yepasi, kune marudzi emiti anoramba akasvibira.
Deciduous Tree Species
Ginkgo biloba: Muti uyu unonziwo "fan tree" nekuda kwemaitiro emashizha awo.Rudzi urwu rune kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, imhando ye dioecious, ine pyramidal growth shape yekorona yayo, kana vari varume mienzaniso uye kana vari vanhu. vakadzi mikombe yavo yakakura. Mashizha ayo ane deciduous uye akafanana nediki mafeni.
Lagerstroemia inoratidza: Muti mudiki une hunde dzakawanda, unosvika 8 metres kureba. Hunde yehunde yayo yakatsetseka, inotaridza kukura uye grey-pink. Mashizha ayo akasvibira muruvara uye anodonha panguva yekudonha. Nekuda kwekunaka kwemaruva ayo machena, pink, crimson kana mauve uye madzinde, inoshandiswa sechishongo.
castanea sativa: Muti uri pakati pe 25 kusvika 30 metres kureba, ine pfupi, yakatwasuka uye gobvu hunde inosvika 2 metres muhupamhi. Ruvara rwegwati rayo runosiyana-siyana painokura, kubva padota kana kuti shava kusvika kune yakasviba. Mashizha ane hwaro hwakatenderedzwa, asymmetrical uye serrated edges. Muchero wayo unodyiwa uye waimbova chikafu chakakosha kumaodzanyemba kweEurope.
Albizia julibrissin: Inowanzonzi Constantinople acacia, muti unodonha ungangoita 15 metres kureba, yakafara korona, rima rakasvibira grey bark. Muchero inyemba. Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye kumabvazuva kweAsia kondinendi, kubva kuIran, China neKorea. Yakaunzwa kuEurope kubva muzana ramakore regumi nemasere kuitira kushandiswa kwekushongedza.
Mhando dzeEvergreen Miti
Kusiyana nemiti inodonha mumasikirwo, miti yakasvibira inogona kucherechedzwa, kureva miti yakasvibira kana miti ine mashizha akasvibira. Munzvimbo dzine mwero miti iyi inochengeta mashizha ayo zvisinei nemwaka wegore. Mhando yemuti iyi inovandudza mashizha ayo nguva dzose, kune marudzi maviri emiti ane mashizha anogara akasvibira.
Evergreen broadleaf miti: Miti ine mashizha ane mashizha makuru anoramba akanamatira pamatavi emuti gore rose. Iyi miti ine mashizha akawanda nekudaro inobereka mimvuri yakawanda kwairi kukura. Miti yakasvibira yakasvibira kazhinji inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa nedze equatorial dzine tembiricha yepamusoro uye kunaya kwemvura zhinji.
Miti ine mashizha-akafanana nemashizha, acicular kana tsono-yakaita uye inogara yakasvibira: Miti ine mashizha kana mapepa akatetepa uye akareba. Aya marudzi emiti anowanzokura munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera. Pakati pemiti iyi isingaperi ndeye conifers, mashizha awo ane ganda uye akafukidzwa neresin. Nyanzvi dzinonyoresa dzinenge mazana matanhatu emarudzi emakoniferi, ichiva imwe yemiti yakare uye yakareba pane zvakasikwa. Mamwe marudzi emiti yemhando iyi: pine, cypress nemisidhari, pakati pevamwe
Vanosiyana nemhando dzemiti yakasvibirira mumiti inogara yakasvibira haichinje ruvara rwemashizha avo uye zvinowanzoitika kuti nguva yekurasikirwa kwemashizha yakareba kwazvo, uye dzimwe nguva inotoitika makore ose gumi nemanomwe. Miti yakasvibira inozivikanwa kuti inogara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye equatorial matunhu uye mamwe anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzemakondinendi e: Asia, America neEurope.
Pakati pemiti yakasvibira, ndiyo Pinus longaeva, iyo yavanowanzoidaidza kuti, bristlecone pine kana muchiRungu bristlecone pines. Inowanikwa munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yemakomo marefu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States, kudzivirira kuchekerera miti. Zvinotendwa kuti vanogona kurarama makore anopfuura 5.000 XNUMX.
Evergreen Tree Species
Quercus ilex: Iyo inozivikanwa nezita rakajairika remuoki, chaparra kana chaparro, muti wepakati kureba wakaberekerwa kuMediterranean. Muti unogona kusvika mamita makumi matatu pakureba, kana kukura kwegwenzi, nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura. Miti iyi inorimwa michero yayo inonzi maacorns.
Magnolia grandiflora: Muti we magnolia, unobva kuUnited States, muti une piramidi pamusoro. Muti wakareba mamita makumi matatu nemashanu, une mashizha akasvibira, akapfava, ane ovate anosara kusvikira mashizha matsva aonekwa mumwaka wechirimo. Ndeyekushandiswa kwekushongedza.
Arbutus unedo: Muti uri pakati pe4-7 metres kureba. Inoparadzirwa kubva kunharaunda yeMediterranean, France kusvika kuUkraine. Vanoridaidza zvinonyadzisira vachiti muti westrawberry. Mashizha ayo akafanana neaya e-laurel, elliptical uye rima rakasvibirira. Irudzi rwunozvimiririra rweSpain, zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika iyoyo inoita semupambi anoshamisa. kushandiswa kwekushongedza.
Coniferous evergreen tsono-semashizha
Conifers ndiyo inonyanya kukosha boka regymnosperms. Vaimbova boka guru remiti munenge matunhu ese, zvino vakatamiswa neangiosperms. Vanonzi maconifers nekuti mhodzi dzavo dzinowanikwa muchimiro chehunyanzvi chinonzi makoni. Kuti ibereke, maconifers anogadzira makoni echirume neechikadzi pachirimwa chimwe chete. MaConifers anobva kuCarboniferous, anenge mamirioni mazana matatu emakore. Parizvino kushandiswa kwayo ndeyekushongedza, inoshandiswa pamapepa emapepa uye kuvaka.
Abies anoti: Imhando yefir kubva kumhuri yePinaceae, iri piramidi muti, inenge mamita makumi matatu kumusoro, nzvimbo yaro yepanyama ndiyo Iberian Peninsula. Mashizha ayo akapinza uye akaoma. Inoburitsa mapineapples ayo kana aibva anoburitsa mapine nuts.
Taxus baccata: Vanozviziva nezita rinowanzozivikanwa reblack yew kana common yew, vanobva kuWestern Europe. Iyo coniferi inosvika 30 metres kureba, ine yakafara pyramidal korona, yakachinjika matavi.Inogona kurarama kwemakore angangoita 5.000. Chirimwa chose chine chepfu, kunze kwearil inovhara muchero. Nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu, ivo vanowanzodyarwa mumakuva kubva kare. Ndeyekushandiswa kwekushongedza.
Atlantic Cedrus: Muti wakagara kwenguva refu, wakaberekerwa kuAtlas Mountains yeAlgeria neMorocco. Muti uri kureba nemamita makumi matatu. Chimiro chekorona chayo chine conical, hunde yayo yakatwasuka ine bark yakatsetseka, mashizha asingaperi uye greyish-blue girinhi tsono.
Sequoia sempervirens: Inowanzozivikanwa se redwood kana California redwood, yakagara kwenguva refu kubva kumakore angaita 2.000 kusvika ku3.000, inogona kusvika kusvika mamita 115 kureba uye anenge 7,9 mamita muhupamhi. Imhando yakasiyana kubva ku85-metres-high giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteumuye metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), yehurefu hwakaderera, kusvika ku45 m. Zita rokuti "Sequoia" iro rinozivikanwa naro pasi rose, rakaiswa mukukudza mukuru weCherokee ainzi Sequoyah.
Miti Inobereka Sei
Muzvisikwa, zvidyarwa zvekutanga zvaivepo chikamu cheGymnosperms Division, izvo zvinomera zvisina maruva uye pakati pemiti yatinoziva uye inomiririra gymnosperms ndiyo conifers, iyo inonzi iyo nokuti maitiro avo ekubereka anonzi cones. iyo ginkgo, pakati pevamwe. Pamusana pekudyara kwekushanduka-shanduka panguva ino, zvizhinji zvemiti uye pakati pavo miti iripo pasi pano ndiyo Magnopliophyta Division (pamberi pe angiosperms), iyo inomera ine kuvapo kwemaruva.
Nhengo dzekubereka dzemiti dzinowanikwa mumaruva. Mavari mune ovule kana mbeu inogona kuitika muvhavha, chokwadi chekuvharirwa mukati memaruva, kusiyana kwemiti yegymnosperm (zvinomera zvine mbeu dzisina kupfeka nokuti hazvina maruva). Muzvisikwa, miti yakawanda, kusanganisira miti, inobereka nembeu uye zvishomanana nekucheka kana kucheka, mushure mokunge mhepo ine simba yatsemura muti uye matavi awo maduku anodzika midzi muvhu.
Kubereka nembeu
Nekupindira kwevanhu, nekucherechedza maberekerwo emiti muzvisikwa, vakaunganidza mbeu dzavo uye vakagadzirisa nzira yekuberekesa miti kuburikidza nembeu uye nekuedza uye kukanganisa vakakwanisa kubereka miti neimwe nzira, inoti: nekucheka. kana kucheka, nemhepo layering uye in vitro tsika. Kuti dziberekezve nembeu, zvichienderana nerudzi rwembeu, imwe yeidzi nzira dzekugadzirira nekudyara dzinogona kushandiswa.
Kudyara mbeu kwakananga: Mbeu dzemiti yemumunda kana michero yayo inounganidzwa yodyarwa mumibhedha.
Kunyura mbeu: Zvichienderana nekuoma kwembeu kana kungavawo kubvisa mucilage (viscous texture inoita serabha), mbeu dzinoiswa mumudziyo une mvura kwemaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana.
kutonhora stratification: Mbeu dzinoiswa mufiriji kwemwedzi miviri kana mitatu patembiricha iri pakati pe4 kusvika 6 °C, dzozobviswa dzosimwa mukireshi. Iyi nzira yekugadzira mhodzi inoitwa nemiti inongomera munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya.
Hot stratification: Inzira yekugadzira mhodzi dzadzinoiswa mumoto kwechinguvana dzozodyarwa.
Thermal shock nzira: Muchiitiko ichi, mbeu dzinopinzwa mumvura inopisa kwechipiri, uye dzopfuudza mbeu kuburikidza nemudziyo nemvura pakushambidzika kwekamuri, uye inosara mairi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Zvadaro, mhodzi dzinotorwa kunodyarwa mukireshi. Chinangwa cheiyi nzira ndechekugadzira diki diki mugoko kana kunze kwembeu. Iyi micro cut inobvumira embryo kuti hydrate uye mhodzi kumera. Inoiswa pambeu diki sedze Acacia NS.
asexual kubereka
Rudzi urwu rwekuberekana haruna kubudiswa nembeu, mumasikirwo anogadzirwa nekukura nekukura kwenhungirwa itsva kubva pachigadziko kana kubva kumidzi yechirimwa, izvi zvinokura semuti wakazvimirira. Muzvisikwa, kana nzira iyi yekubereka ikaitika, muti wechidiki unotsiva muti mukuru wavakaberekwa.
Muzvisikwa, nemhando iyi yekubereka, muti wepakutanga unoratidza nharaunda yayo, sezvo miti inoberekwa nenzira iyi, miti mitsva, yakafanana mumararamiro avo. Rudzi urwu rwekubereka runovimbisa kuenderera kwemajini, kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akachengetwa, rudzi urwu rwekubereka ruchava mukana. Nekudaro, kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza achisiyana, zvirimwa izvi hazvigone kuchinjika.
Kubereka nekucheka kana kucheka: Iyo inozivikanwa seasexual kubereka, nekuti mbeu, idzo nhengo dzebonde uye dzekubereka dzezvirimwa, hadzishandiswe. Nenzira iyi, matavi evechidiki anotemwa kubva pamiti (iyi nzira inobvumira kukurumidza kubereka kwemiti mitsva). Kuchekwa kwematavi kuti abudise kucheka kana matanda, anochekwa pakati pe 4 kusvika 7 centimita pakureba. Zvichienderana nerudzi, zvinotora pakati pemwedzi miviri kusvika kune mimwe kuti itore midzi.
Grafting nzira: Pakadai panochekwa bazi remuti, rinova chirimwa kuti riberekerwe kana kuparadzirwa, rinopinzwa mubazi remuti waamai kana patani remuti. Inoshandiswa mumiti yakawanda inoshandiswa semiti yemichero, izvi zvinobvumira kuti michero yakasiyana-siyana iwanikwe kubva pamuti mumwe chete, kana kuvandudza kunaka kwayo.
Kubatsira kweMiti Muzvakasikwa
Miti ndiyo sosi yehupenyu muzvisikwa, uye chikamu che autotrophic organisms, inokwanisa kushandura inorganic zvikamu kuita organic zvikamu uye kugadzira chikafu chavo, kuti vazviraramise uye vakure. Miti inogadzira makabhohaidhiretsi kubva mucarbon dioxide nemvura, kubva muchirimwa photosynthesis uye kutorwa kwesimba kubva kuzuva. Ndivo chete zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinogadzirisa carbon dioxide (CO2), kubva pakutorwa kwesimba rezuva, inogadzira zvinhu zvinorarama uye inoburitsa oxygen mumhepo.
Vanotora chikamu mumaketani ezvekudya sevagadziri vekutanga. Muchikafu chekudya inoumbwa nevagadziri vekutanga, vatengi uye vaparadzi; kuburikidza nayo inoyerera simba rinotanga nekushandiswa kwesimba rezuva uye rinopera nekuparara kwese kwezvikamu zvehupenyu. Simba rinoyerera munzira imwe, kubva kuzuva rinotorwa nevagadziri vekutanga, vanopfuura kune zvisikwa zvemutengi kana heterotrophs uye vozoguma nezvinoparadza zvipenyu.
Mukuwedzera pakuchenesa mhepo, miti inopa okisijeni uye inobudisa zvokudya nepekugara nokuda kwemhuka dzomusango; vanodzivirira ivhu pakukukurwa; gadzirisa tembiricha uye humidity; Vanogadzirisa hurumende ye hydrological nekubvumira kushandiswa kwakanakisisa kwemvura inonaya. Raw zvinhu zvakadai se: huni, cellulose, cork, resin, maruva nemichero zvinowanikwa kubva pamiti. Mukuwedzera, miti ndiyo nzvimbo yezvokudya zvemichero yavo: zvakadai sechestnuts, walnuts, pine nuts, maapuro, mango, medlars, citrus michero, pakati pevamwe.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi hweMiti
Miti yakave nemabasa akasiyana akakosha muhupenyu hwemunhu, angave muchitendero, huroyi uye mumaindasitiri. Sechiratidzo chetsika uye chechitendero, unogona kuva semuenzaniso maconifers anoshandiswa pamiti yeKisimusi. Uyewo kubva pauzivi uye tsika yekuona semuti wemhando ficus yechitendero, muti wouchenjeri.
Miti yemasango: Kubvira kare, vanhu vakashandisa miti nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, yave ichishandiswa semiti yesango nokuda kwekushandiswa kwehuni dzayo uye zvigadzirwa zvayo. Miti inopa huni sechinhu chakasvibiswa pakuvaka kuvaka uye kugadzira fenicha. Iyo pulp yemuti yeindasitiri yemapepa.
Miti yemichero: Mimwe miti inoshandiswa semiti yemichero, kutora mukana wemichero inodyiwa muindasitiri yechikafu uye mimwe yacho inorimwa zvichibva pane izvi.
Ornamental miti: Imwe nzira yekutora mukana wavo kubva kune aesthetic point yekuona nekushongedza migwagwa, mapaki nemapindu. Vanonzi mhando dzekushongedza, ivo chikamu chemumaguta arboriculture, mumaguta anodyara miti mumigwagwa, mapaki uye magadheni, nebasa rekushongedza uye kuve mareferenzi ekuzororera, inotonhorera microclimate uye vagari varaidzo.
Ndinokukoka kuti uverengewo: