Miti inoonekwa semiti yakakosha muvanhu, nekuda kwekunaka kwavo kukuru uye mupiro mukusimudzira kwehupenyu, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emhando, mafomu uye mhuri asi mune ino kesi tinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze nezve muti Zvakawanda zvakadzidzwa nekuda kwayo. mikuru yemishonga yakadai seElderberry.
Mukoma
Miti zvidyarwa zvinowanzosvika pakakwirira, zvine hunde yehuni, ine matavi anowedzera pasi uye anewo korona dzemhando dzakasiyana uye maitiro, nekuda kweizvi kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti, pakati pemarudzi ose aya aripo. , muti weSauco unomira pachena.
Iyo Sauco inozivikanwawo seSambucus kana kungoti Sauco, inowanzoenderana nerudzi rwekuti pakati pemarudzi mashanu kusvika makumi matatu emhuri yeadoxaceae, mhuri yerudzi urwu inoumbwa neboka remakwenzi kana miti midiki ine hunhu hwemashizha akasvibira (ivo. chengetedza toni dzavo dzegirinhi gore rose).
Dzimwe nyanzvi mune botany dzinofunga mukuru sechikamu chemhuri zvakare inozivikanwa sehoneysuckle uko ivo vanoonekwa seboka rakakura remakwenzi nemizambiringa, vachionekwa seboka rakakura rezvinomera zvinoshongedza kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mwero.
Iro zita resainzi ndiSambucus Nigra L. Vanogonawo kuzivikanwa seSabuco, Sayugo, Linsusa kana Cañilero. Inoonekwa semuti unozvarwa kuEuropean kondinendi uye kusvika kwayo muLatin America kwaive kuburikidza nekusvika kweSpanish kune kondinendi nyowani pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Elderberry Hunhu
Elderberry inogona kutorwa se shrub kana muti mudiki, mashizha ayo anoratidzwa nekupinzwa ane angangoita 5 kusvika 9 uye anogona kutosvika gumi nerimwe, achinyanya hunhu hwekuve nehurefu huri pakati pe11 ne5 centimita uye miganho yayo yakanyungudutswa. zvinopesana uye zvinochinjika. Hunde yaro inogona kurerekera, yakakora uye ine makwati akaoma.
Inofanana nechirimwa chinogona kusvika mamita matanhatu kusvika gumi pakureba. Mukuwedzera, matavi awo anowanzoita kunge akakora uye ane bark yakatsemuka, ruvara rwayo idota. Maruva anonyanya kufarirwa nekunhuhwirira kwawo uye akaiswa mumapoka anozivikanwa se corymbs, nekuti ari mapoka anosvika maruva gumi nemashanu, rimwe nerimwe remaruva ane hermaphroditic uye ane 6 nyeredzi-petals, iwo machena muruvara anowanzo. tumbuka pakati pechirimo.
Zvibereko zvaro zvinozivikanwa sema berries akaumbwa semabharumu, ane nyama yakanyanya uye anogona kuyera kusvika 9 centimita muhupamhi. Iwo muchero une muto uye unodyiwa, une dzvuku uye kunyange dema ruvara kana waibva, kana usati wakura unogona kuve neruvara rweblue kana violet.
Imwe yemhando dzayo huru mashandiro ayo ekurapa uye ezvekudya zvinovaka muviri nemaruva ayo uye michero yakaibva, ichisimbisa kuti muchero uye kunyangwe makwati ayo anofanira kutarisirwa kuibva nekuti anogona kuve ane chepfu uye anokuvadza hutano.
Elder Species
Zita rekuti "Sambucus" rinobva kuGreek Sambuca uye yainzi chiridzwa chemimhanzi chaishandiswa zvakanyanya nevaRoma uye chakavakwa nematanda emuti uyu, kana iri "Nigra" zvinoreva ruvara rwayo dema kana michero yaro. kuibva. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa chokwadi chekuti ichave iri mune maviri makuru subspecies anotsanangurwa pazasi:
Peruvian Sambucus
Iyo inoenderana nemhando dzakajairika muCentral America neLatin America, inogona kuve muti wakareba unosvika masere metres, ine trunk isina kujairika uye ine inflorescences pakati pe18 ne22 centimita pakureba inoumbwa nemasumbu. Nzvimbo yaro huru iri pakati peCosta Rica nenharaunda yeAndes muArgentina, zvibereko zvayo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuita jamu, zvinwiwa uyewo mawaini; nepo maruva ayo achiiswa seanalgesics, anti-inflammatories uye antiseptics.
Mexican Sambucus
Iyo inozivikanwawo seSambucus Canadensis, iri munharaunda yeNorth America, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine matombo ane makomo, iri rudzi runowanikwa muMexico, munyaya iyi, shrub inodonha inogona kusvika mamita matatu pakureba.
Kurimwa kwevakuru
Muti weElderberry unoonekwa semuti unoshandiswa nevakawanda nekuda kwekubwinya kwawo kukuru, ndosaka uchigona kutsvakwa sechirimwa chekushongedza.Ngatizivei mamwe emamwe ekurudziro anotevera kuti arimwe:
Nzvimbo
Iyo elderberry muti unokwanisa kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro, kunyanya iwo masango ane hunyoro.
Rusticity
Elderberry inoonekwa semuti une hunde yakakosha uye yakasarudzika, saka inokwanisa kurwisa mamiriro ekunze akashata uye nekukwanisa kurarama, mune iyi nyaya yekukwanisa kurwisa chando chakasimba chinomira pachena.
Kuwanza
Kuwanda kwezvirimwa kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, senge mbeu, inzira yakajairika yepabonde, apo zvimwe zvinhu zvinopindira kubatsira kuberekana kwezvirimwa, dzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera dzinoitwa nevegetative reproduction, iyo inoonekwa seasexual fomu nekuti. ndivo hermaphrodite zvinomera. Kazhinji nokuda kwemuti weMukuru, nzira mbiri idzi dzinoshandiswa: kudyara nembeu uye kubereka kwezvinomera, iyo yekupedzisira inoedza kubudisa mamwe mapropagules mumidzi yayo yakanyanyisa, nekubereka kwezvinomera ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekuwedzera.
Kuchekerera uye Kukohwa
Kuchekerera kunoonekwa senzira yekubvisa matavi akaoma, ane chirwere kana kuputsika uye mishonga inodzivirira kukura kwechirimwa kana kuchinja kunaka kwayo.Kuomesa kunoiswa mumumvuri uye kunofanira kuchengetwa mumhepo inotonhorera, yakaoma uye ine rima. yemichero inomira kunze kwainofanira kumirira kusvika yasviba kana kurembera kubva kumatavi (mwaka wezhizha uye matsutso ekutanga).
Kudiridza
Kukura kwezvirimwa kwakakosha kuti zvionekwe kune zvakasiyana zvinhu zvinofarira kukura kwavo, pakati pavo mvura inomira pachena. Kana uine Elderberry mukireshi, zvinodikanwa kuisa kudiridza nemvura yakawanda, kuyedza kuchengetedza iyo substrate yakanyorova, kudzivirira kuunganidza uye kuwandisa nguva dzese.
Kudyara
Nguva dzekudyara dzevakuru dzinowanzoitwa mumabhechi kana zvakare nekudyara zvirimwa zvemukoti. Kutanga, gomba rinofanira kuitwa muvhu, tichifunga nezvekukura kwechirimwa chichashandiswa mukireshi.
Kuumbwa uye Zvivakwa zveElderberry
Iyo Elderberry inoonekwa seimwe yemiti inonyanya kutsvakwa kune yayo huru zvivakwa, pakati pavo isu tinofanirwa kuratidza kuti inorimwa nekuda kwekushongedza kwemukati kana mapindu epamba, zvakare nekuda kwechikafu nekuda kwezvibereko zveElderberry muti, hunyanzvi. muti wakachengetedzwa sebhonsai uye kunyanya mushonga wezvinhu zvemaruva nemakwati; kuve kwakakosha kune mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anotonhora.
Elder Zvibereko Properties
Yese michero yakaibva kana michero inoumbwa neseti ye organic pigments, pamwe neakanaka kwazvo biochemical zvikamu zvakaita seanthocyanins, fiber, phosphorus, glucose, fructose uye potassium. Imwe neimwe ye50 g yemuchero mutsva inofungidzirwa kupa kusvika ku9 uye 13 milligrams yevhitamini C uye vitamini B. Iyo inewo magnesium, zinc, iron uye calcium.
Iine mimwe michero yemusango inodyiwa, apo zvese ganda uye pulp zvinogona kudyiwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zvinobatsira. Nezvibereko zvayo zvakakosha, jamu rinogadzirwa uye nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvekurapa senge syrups, laxatives uye kunyange depuratives, ine zvinhu zvinobatsira kuderedza cholesterol nekuvandudza maonero, inogonawo kuva ne-anti-inflammatory properties inobatsira neuralgia, musoro. , kurwadziwa mudumbu uye sciatica.
Iwe unogona kuwana kubika ma berries kuti uvandudze kunaka uye nekudaro uvandudze kugaya. Zvinokurudzirwa kuziva maitiro ekugadzira sirasi nenzira kwayo, inogona kuva inotevera:
Muto wemuchero wakaibva unofanira kubviswa kana kusvinwa, uye ipapo mbeu inomanikidzwa, munyaya iyi kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa nembeu nokuti inogona kuva chepfu, uye inofanira kusiyiwa ichibika kwemaminitsi gumi. Inofanira kubvumirwa kutonhora isati yaiswa mukati uye pakupedzisira kufiriji. Kana yapera, unogona kushandisa sirasi 10 kusvika ku2 maspuni pazuva.
Kune kumwe kuferefetwa kwakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeGraz kuAustria, kuburikidza nekudzidza kwekubvisa berry, ine basa rekudzikisa oxidation yeyakaderera-density lipoproteins yecholesterol inobatanidzwa muatherogenesis, rudzi urwu rwezvivakwa rwakanakira. kukwanisa kurwisa zvirwere zvemwoyo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, michero yose yakasvibirira inoratidzirwa nekuva nenheyo ine chepfu inonzi sambunigrina, inova chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nei isingafaniri kudyiwa kusvikira yanyatsoibva. Iyi nheyo ine chepfu inowanikwa mumashizha, bark uye mhodzi dze elderberry. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mashizha asadyiwa nekuti ane muchetura wakanyanya, saka mashandisirwo awo anoiswa zvakananga kuzvirimwa zvekudzinga mbeva, zvipfukuto netwupukanana, zvinogonawo kupiswa kuzoiswa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Kana ichinge ichishandiswa semushonga unozoshandiswa semishonga inodzinga umhutu uye unogonawo kushandiswa kupfapfaidzwa pamiti kuti ukwanise kuva nedziviriro kubva kumaaphids nemakonye.
Kugadzirira kwezvipembenene kunofanira kuva sezvinotevera: zvakakosha kubika rita remvura ne 225 gramu yeElder mashizha, kubika kwemaminitsi makumi maviri, zvino simbisa uye rega kutonhorera. Zvichiri kupisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera teaspoon yemvura kana poda detergent uye pakupedzisira inoshandiswa mubhodhoro rekupfapfaidza.
Elderflower Properties
Maruva ayo ese anodyiwa, anowanzo shandiswa mugastronomy kuwana aromatization uye zvakare kugadzirira mamwe mabikirwo akadai semishonga yetii, jellies, jamu, ice cream, makuki kana inogona kusanganiswa nemamwe herbs. Kwemakore, waini yakatsvakwa kuve yakakurumbira nekuda kwekushandisa uku, uko ruva rinoita macerate kudzamara rawana kunhuhwirira uye kunhuhwirira kwezera.
Maruva ose anoumbwa nemafuta anokosha, anosanganisira flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, vitamin C uye minerals. Iyo ine yakakosha diaphoretic properties yebronchial epithelium. Inogona kuita zvinogumbura izvo zvinogona zvakare kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwebronchoalveolar secretions, saka, inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira kune akasiyana marapirwo echikosoro uye furuwenza.
Kune zvakasiyana zvidzidzo zve flavonoids ye elderberry ine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory uye immunological properties; kukwanisa kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakasiyana kwema cytokines mumamonocytes, nekudaro ichikurudzira immune system.
Maruva emuti weMukuru anogona kushandiswa pakugadzirira kwekuchenesa mafuta uye kubvisa marara paganda, zvakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kweganda, kunyanya nevakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi matatu.
Maruva nemichero ane zvakasiyana antiseptic uye bactericidal zvinhu, zvinokosha kuti pyorrhea, gingivitis uye pharyngitis, kushandiswa sezvo infusions kuti kushandiswa mouthwashes uye gargles. Inogonawo kushandiswa kuuraya maronda kana kubvisa marudzi akasiyana ekutsva. Kubva kare, maruva anoonekwa seane guru galactogogue effect, mumashoko mashomanana, ane basa rekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemukaka kwakasiyana, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yeprotein balance, iyo inofadza zvikuru mu lactation.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Elder huni inogona kuramba yakasimba, ichive yakakosha mukugadzira kabati uye nekutsanangurwa kwezvishandiso zvakasiyana zvekurima. Inogona kuburitsa zviri nyore, uko mwongo wemapazi ese unobviswa, uchishandiswa kugadzira zvimwe zviridzwa zvakaita senyere, machubhu, pfuti, pakati pezvimwe uye zvinogona kushandiswa sehuni.
Pakati pemashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana akataurwa, inofanirwa kucherechedzwa chokwadi chekukwanisa kuona kuti Elderberry yakadzidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kwemakore akawanda kuti ibatsire zvinhu zvayo. Ongororo dzakawanda dziripo dzine chekuita nenhengo dzemuti dzinoratidza hunhu hwezvingabvira zvinobatsira kumunhu.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
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