La jira remubhedha Iyo inozivikanwa seimwe yeanopisa uye akanyanya kunaka biomes, ine mhuka dzakasiyana siyana pamwe nenhamba shoma yezvinomera, asi izvo hazvikanganise kunaka nekusiyana kwezvipenyu zveiyi ecosystem. Dzidza zvese nezve ino yakanaka ecosystem! Ipapa chete.
Chii chinonzi savanna?
Iyi inharaunda inoumbwa nemapani akakura uye ine miti mishoma, idzi dzinozivikanwawo senzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru.
El savannah biome Icho chimiro chebioclimatic, chinopindirana nenzvimbo dzebiotic, dzine chivharo chiduku, mune mamwe mazwi nokuti dzine nhamba shoma yemiti kana, kukundikana, zvishomanana zvavanazvo zviduku muhukuru.
Ndidzo nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nemafuro akakura uye makwenzi ane madzinde mahombe, mamwe akareba uye mamwe madiki, ndidzo dzinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinodziya dzemamiriro ekunze, mapani asingaperi ane zvinomera zvakadzika-density.
Kureva kuti, nzvimbo yenzvimbo inoratidzwa nemamiriro ayo ekunze akaoma uye akaoma, saka maruva ayo ari kushomeka uye anopararira zvisina kuenzana, mhuri hombe dzemiti hadzina kuumbwa padyo nemumwe.
Iwo anowanzo kuumbwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati wandei, senge moto, ivhu, mamiriro ekunze, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuumbwa kweaya ma biomes anoshamisa mumaziso emunhu.
Hunhu hweSavannah
Iwo anoonekwa semubatanidzwa wesango uye meadow, umo dunhu remabiomes aya ari munzvimbo dzakaoma neshanduko mune sediments nemasango. Dzinomirira nzvimbo dzinoshamisa uye dzinongoshamisa pamberi pemeso omunhu, sezvo munhu nguva dzose ari uyo anofarira kufungisisa runako rwadzo rukuru, kunyange zvazvo idzodzi dzichiwanzosiyana maererano nenyika kwadziri.
Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza achaenderana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana enzvimbo, rudzi rwezvinomera, boka remhuka dzinogara panzvimbo yacho uye mwero wakasiyana wekupisa kana kutonhora kwainochengetedza. Zvizhinji zveizvi zvinozivikanwa semafuro anopisa, nekuda kwekupisa kwavanonzwa.
Zvinoenderana nemwaka wegore, kune kupatsanurwa kweaya mabiomes (ane maonero anoshamisa), zvichienderana nekunaya kwemvura uye ivhu riri mukati mawo, tinogona kuwana zvinotevera:
- isiri-mwaka: Nzvimbo dzine mvura zhinji, asi ivhu rakashata zvikuru nekuti rine jecha.
- mwaka: Nekuyerera kwakanakisa munyika dzayo dzakakora kwazvo uye dzisingachengetere mvura.
- hyperseasonal: Nzvimbo dzakanyorova zvikuru nekuda kwekuti dzakakomberedzwa nenzizi dzine Pasi pevhu uye kuyerera kunononoka, kunyangwe kuoma zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwevhu hurimo.
Nzvimbo
ari sheets dziri munzvimbo dziri pasi penzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa zvikuru, dzine nharaunda yakawanda, iri munzvimbo dzakaoma dzinopisa.
Iwo akanyanya kukosha ari munzvimbo yese yeAfrica, mukuwedzera kune aya tinogona kuwana mamwe anopisa kwazvo munyika dzakaita seIndia, Australia neSouth America, ine matunhu akakosha ari muColombia, Brazil neVenezuela.
Mhando dzeMapepa
Rudzi urwu rwe ecosystem inorongedzerwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yaro papasi, nezvinomera uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzinogara mairi, inogona zvakare kuverengerwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda yainayo. Mhando dzacho ndedzinotevera:
- Savannah yeMediterranean: Idzi dziri munzvimbo dzese dzepasi uye dzine tembiricha yemahombekombe ine sub-gwenga mamiriro ekunze, nyika yavo haiburitse maruva akawanda, chokwadi ishoma kwazvo, mhuka dzinowanikwa mune idzi inzou, twiza, shumba, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda. .
- Intertropical Savannah: Rudzi urwu rwesavannas dziri munzvimbo dzakawedzerwa pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzinopisa, hadziwanzoonekwa munzvimbo dziri pazasi padzo, muenzaniso wakajairika ndewe Nyika yeAfrica, iyo inosanozivikanwa seSerengeti iri muTanzania. Nevhu risingabereki uye rakaoma kwazvo, uko rinenge gore rose rakaoma, mvura inongonaya panguva dzegore.
- Mountainous Savannah: Idzi dziri munzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo, dzine nharaunda dzealpine uye subalpine, munyika dzakasiyana, Africa ndiyo imwe yenyika dzavanonyanya kuwanikwa, mumakomo ayo, nekuda kweizvi mvura inonaya nguva zhinji, ine nhamba huru ye mhuka nezvinomera.
Climate
Mamiriro ekunze anopisa kwazvo gore rose, pakati pemaitiro ayo tinowana mwaka wegore nekunaya kwemvura uye hunyoro hwakanyanya, ndiko kuti, zhizha, uye imwe ine kusanaya kwemvura mune imwe chikamu chegore, iyo inowirirana nechando. .
- Inzvimbo dzinodziya, asi dzine matenderedzwa akaoma zvikuru.
- Neavhareji yekushatirwa pamwedzi we17 Cº.
- Avhareji yekunaya kwemvura mugore re750 uye 1300 mm.
- Inenge mwedzi mishanu yegore yakaoma, neavhareji isingasviki 5 mm pamwedzi.
- Ne tembiricha yekusanaya kwemvura kunopindirana nemwaka unotonhora zvakanyanya.
- Avhareji yenhambo dzekunaya kwemvura dzakasiyana gore rimwe nerimwe, ndiko kuti, hadzina kupfuurira gore rimwe nerimwe.
- Makore ane mvura yakawanda, anowedzera kukura kwemaruva anokwanisa kugadzira denga remiti inofukidza zvose uye inozadza mafuro nerima, kana kuine mvura shoma miriwo inokura uye inogara munguva yose yekusanaya kwemvura.
savannah flora
Kutenda kumamiriro ekunze, mumakore apfuura maruva anoramba nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ayo akaiswa pasi kwenguva yakareba.
Nzvimbo yakakura mu savanna inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga, umo iwe unogona kuwana uswa, Rhodes herbs, Bermuda herbs, lemongrass, pakati pevamwe. Tinogona kuwana nhamba huru yemiti yakagoverwa mukati me savanna huru, pakati payo pane jackalberry, acacia uye baobab.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQv7w9wTjSg
Tinogona kuwana miti ine midzi yakawanda, kuwedzera kana trunks, iyo inowanzova yakareba uye yakadzika kwazvo, iyo inobvumira kuwana zviri nani kune zvicherwa uye zvinovaka muviri kubva kune sediment, tinowanawo mbeu dzakasimba kwazvo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, muEast Africa, sheets dzinocherechedzwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwemiti yemuakasia yavanayo uye huswa hunozivikanwa senzou, nekuti kukura kwayo kunogona kufanana nehukuru hwenzou dzine hurefu hunosvika 10 tsoka pakureba uye dzinokura mubiomes iri muAfrica, padyo ne runako Lagoons nenzizi dziri munharaunda iyoyo.
Mumapani eAfrica tinowanawo mamwe marudzi emiti inonzi Baobab, kukura kwayo inogona kusvika mamita makumi masere pakureba uye inorarama kwezviuru zvemakore semiti yeeucalyptus, inogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzinodziya dzenyika dzakadai seAustralia. .
Mhando dzezvinomera
Munzvimbo idzi huswa hwakawanda hwemhando dzakasiyana uye makirasi anozvarwa, semuenzaniso Aristidia, Astreba, Triodia, Achnopogon, uye Louditia, maitiro eAustralia. Mishonga inokura zvikuru, inogona kusvika kusvika mamita maviri pakureba, ine nhamba yakawanda yembeu, ndicho chikonzero ichibereka muhuwandu hwakawanda.
- Makwenzi akasiyana-siyana haana maruva anotangira emiti, akaparadzira makwenzi nemiti, uye minda ine makwenzi akawanda, asi panguva imwechete iyo yakazara nekujekesa mumasango avo.
- Mune maitiro ayo tinogona kuwana mashizha akaoma, nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura, midzi yayo yakasimba uye yakadzika, mashizha ayo makuru.
- Mumarudzi ayo tinogona kuwana, Acacias, Albizia, pakati pevamwe.
Savannah Wildlife
Zvinofadza kukwanisa kuona mhuka dzemuAfrica savannah, dzinogara mairi dzichifara nokuti nhamba huru yemishonga nemiti yavanayo inodyiwa nemhuka uye kazhinji izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuva nemhuri yakakura kwazvo.
Pakati pemhuka dzinogara imomo tinogona kuwana mbizi, nzou, mhashu, mhara, twiza, nyati, mhou uye mhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka dzinogona kuwanikwawo.
Kazhinji mhuka dzinogara musango dzinofamba dziri mapoka, sezvakangoita shiri dzakawanda dzine mapapiro makuru uye dzinoashandisa pakufamba kwadzo kwenguva refu pamwe chete nemhuka dzakawanda dzine makumbo marefu uye akasimba, senzou.
Huwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzekuvhima dzinogonawo kuwanikwa dzichifamba-famba mumasava akadai seshumba, mbada, ingwe, mapere, mambas nhema nembwa dzemusango.
Mhuka dzese dzinodya uswa dzinogara dzichiwana nzira yekudzivisa kusangana nemhuka idzi dzinodya, dzichidzivisa kuva chikafu chadzo chinotevera, semuenzaniso; mhou nemhara zvinoshandisa mafambiro adzo nekukurumidza kutiza zvikara izvi.
Kana iri twiza, inoshandisa kureba kwayo kuti ione dziri kure uye nokudaro inokwanisa kutiza, kune rumwe rutivi, nzou dzinoshandisa simba radzo guru noukuru hwakakura kudzidzinga, dzose kuti dzisasangana nadzo dzisingadiwi. .
Saizvozvowo, mhuka dzinodya dzinogara mu savanna dzine maitiro avo ekurarama mairi, semuenzaniso; Dindingwe imhuka inomhanya kudarika dzimwe dzose panyika, inomhanya makiromita 70 paawa uye painoda kuvhima chikafu chayo inorwa zvine hunyanzvi kusvika yazviita.
Shumba nemapere kazhinji vanoenda kunovhima zvokudya zvavo vari mapoka kana mapoka, vanomirira nguva yakakodzera kuti vabudirire kurwisa mhuka dzavo.
Chokwadi chinoda kuziva kuti nei mhuka dzakasiyana dzekudyara dzichigara mu savanna, izvi imhaka yekuti vanodya chero mhando yeuswa hunowanikwa mavari, nenzira iyi vanokwanisa kudyisa uye vanogona kurarama kwemakore mazhinji uye kunyange kubereka, semuenzaniso; MuSavannah yeAustralia munogara mhuka inozivikanwa sekoala, inodya matavi eucalyptus uye inokwira mumiti nemakwenzi ayo makuru.
Pamhuka dzinodya nyama tinogona kuona kuti simba radzo nehukuru hukuru hunovabatsira kuti varambe vari vapenyu uye vane hutano muiyi ecosystem, muenzaniso weizvi ishumba. Mukupedzisa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune rudzi rwekubatana pakati pezvikara nemhuka dzinodya zvinogara imomo.
Nzvimbo dzeSavannah, maererano nemafungiro enyanzvi munyaya iyi, dzinotsigira kuti savannas ndeimwe yeakanaka uye anoshamisa maonero aripo panyika, akakodzera kufungisisa nokuda kwekunaka kwavo uye mavari unogona kuwana. mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, pamwe chete nebani rinoyevedza uye rakanaka.
