Zvinogara zvichiitika kuti mumhuka dzehuku zvine basa kuti hupenyu hwavo hwakaita sei, zvavanodya uye kuti vanokura sei, nekuda kweizvi zvichave zvakaputsika pasi kuti kuberekana mushiri, ramba uchiverenga uye uwane zvakawanda.
Kuberekana mushiri kwakadini?
Zvisikwa zvine mapapiro zvinonyanya kusatarisika kana zvasvika pakuzvara mushiri, zvichienzaniswa neakasiyana vertebrates. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoratidzwa nekufambira mberi kwemitambo yakafumurwa iyo murume anoita kuti avete nemukadzi; kana kuti kudiwa kwekuisa dzimba umo mazai achaiswa, akasiyana zvikuru kune vose mhando dzeshiri.
Shiri dzinoshandisa kugadzirira kwemukati kubereka uye kukandira mazai ane hard calcareous layer (the capsule). Chimwe chikamu chevanhu vevaviri vachatora basa rekuchengeta, kuchengetedza embryo pane tembiricha yakafanira. Panguva yaanopedza dariro rake, anobuda kunze achityora goko.
Kubva chechipiri ichi zvichienda mberi, ivo vanozotanga kuwana chikafu uye chengetedzo kubva kuvabereki vavo kusvika vazvirwira ivo pachavo (nyaya huru yakakosha yeiyi chiyero inongova Kiwi, iyo inogona kuve yakakodzera kubva pakuzvarwa). Vana veshiri dzacho vanodzivirirwa neminhenga miduku inodzidzivirira pachando kusvikira dzaita minhenga yokupedzisira.
Kuwana wekuroora ibasa rakajairika murudzi rwemhuka yese, iri kumanikidza, zvakanyanya kana paine makwikwi, zvinonakidza kuziva kuti, mushiri, mhando yakanaka yekusiyanisa uye masampuli emabasa emuchato anowanikwa nguva yekupfimbana, chiitiko chinotaurika kwazvo che kuberekana kwepabonde mumhuka.
Zvinoshamisa mushiri dzinokunda nenziyo kana kuratidza minhenga yadzo inoyevedza, semuenzaniso shiri dzeparadhiso dzinoita kuti tsika yadzo inakidze pakati peshiri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika muvarume, umo, zvisinei neruvara rwavo, vanoratidza zvishongedzo zvekukwezva kutarisa kwemukadzi uye nekudaro vanotsvaga sarudzo yekusangana.
Muchinyorwa chino, iwe uchabatsirwa kuva neruzivo kuberekana kunoita shiri, paunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana hunoshandiswa nevarume kukwezva kutarisa kwevakadzi, kubva pakuratidza minhenga inoyevedza, kuunganidza dzimba dzakashama zvinoshamisa, kuita mafambiro kuratidza minhenga yadzo inoyevedza zvikuru, kusvika pakuchenesa nekushongedza nzvimbo dzeuriri, kufadza hadzi uye kuita kuti idonhe. murudo nemazango ayo anoshamisa sechinhu chakakosha mukuberekana kweshiri.
Kana iwe uchifarira izvi zvishamiso zvenyika yezvisikwa, mukushanya uku iwe uchaudzwa nezve hukuru hunhu hwekuberekana mushiri, pamwe neakasiyana matekiniki nemidziyo yavanoshandisa kupfimba vakadzi uye kuvabata.
Hunhu hwekuberekana mushiri
Chisikwa cherudzi urwu ndechimwe chezvakasiyana-siyana chinowanikwa pasi pano uye chine nzvimbo yakakura ye geological. Zvisikwa zvine mapapiro zvine hunhu hunotevera:
Vertebrates
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvisikwa zvine minhenga mhuka dzine vertebrate, zvinoreva kuti dzine musana uye dzine ropa rinodziya. Chisikwa ichi chine bipedal advance, kureva kuti, inofamba nemakumbo maviri, ayo ari posterior appendages, ane zvigunwe zviviri kana zvina, zvichienderana nemhando.
endothermic
Zvinoshamisa kuti zvisikwa zvine minhenga zvinogona kuchengetedza mukati mekupisa mwero pakati pe40 ne44 ° C, zvinoenderana nekufamba kweshiri imwe neimwe. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinobatsira zvisikwa zvine mazai aya kudzora tembiricha yazvo mambava akakora.
Plumage
Iri boka rezvisikwa rine fantastic plumage, iyo inovabvumira kubhururuka, zvisinei, kune mamwe marudzi ezvisikwa zvine mapapiro zvine minhenga, asi hazvibhururuke, asi zvishandise kudzora kupisa kwemukati, senzira yekugara.
Mune minhenga yezvisikwa zvinobhururuka pane puroteni isingadaviriki iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevanhu, kunyanya vakadzi mukugadzirira runako, inonzi keratin, iyo inokosha zvikuru uye kushandiswa kwekunaka.
digestive framework
Vane chimiro chakasarudzika uye chinomanikidza chine chekuita nemudumbu, chinosanganisira dumbu, chirimwa, uye gizzard, izvo zvinovatendera kumedza chikafu nekuchibata nekukurumidza, zvichibvumira kugaya kuti kukurumidza.
Kushanda kwechimiro chakanakisa nedumbu rezvisikwa zvine minhenga kwakakosha kuitira kuti dzisave nehuremu hushoma pakubhururuka, saka dzinofanirwa kugaya zvadzinodya zvakanaka.
Kusiyana nezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, izvi hazvina nhengo dzekunze dzekuberekwazve, saka kubereka kunoitika nekubatana pakati pe cloaca yemurume nehadzi, pasina zviitiko zvakawanda zvakakosha mukuwanda kwemhuka dzine mapapiro.
Shiri dzinosangana sei?
Kudanana kunoenda kusati kwasangana, izvo mumarudzi mazhinji anoitika muchirimo, nguva yakanaka yekuti kuwanda kuitike uye kuti nhiyo dzirere. Zvisikwa zvine mapapiro zvine varume vakasiyana uye inonakidza kwazvo kubereka kwemukati.
Mune mamwe marudzi, semuenzaniso, madhadha nemhou, mukono une nhengo inoberekesa, asi mune mamwe, murume anochengeta urume hwake mu cloaca yemukadzi. Panguva iyoyo, muchibereko chemukadzi, kugadzirira kunoitika uye zai rinotanga kuumbwa, kune zvisikwa zvine minhenga iamniotic zai.
Nekuwedzera kwakaoma calcareous (deko) iyo inozochengetwa mumusha uye yakachechenywa, nemumwe kana vabereki vose (biparental care), zvichienderana nemhando. Mumakirasi umo vakaroorana vanogara pamwe chete, pane kufambidzana kwakasarudzika umo vanotsigirana kuti vatarisire mwana pakati pechikamu chekubereka kweshiri.
kupfimbana neshiri
Nezveshiri uye maberekerwo adzo, kune nzira dzakawanda idzo varume vanorangarira nadzo hadzi. Mamwe emaitiro akakosha erudo muzvisikwa zvine mapapiro ndeaya:
- Sekutanga minhenga.
- Muswe wake une simba.
- Utano hwakanaka kwazvo.
- Basa rakaoma rekuvaka dendere
- kutamba kwake
- Kusina kunaka nekushongedza uye kuchena.
Zvino, fungidzira chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu nenzira yakadzama
Manhenga pakupfimbana kweshiri
Pasina kupokana, zvichida chinofadza zvikurusa chemhuka dzine mapapiro ndiko kugona kwadzo uye kuwandisa kwemavara. Iyo minhenga yakapfuma inotaura nezve kushanduka kunoshamisa sezviyero zvezvinokambaira.
Nhenga dzayo dzinopa dziviriro inodziya uye isina kunaka, iyo yakakosha maererano nemafomu ayo anoda yakakwira zvakanyanya kupisa macalorie, kubhururuka. Saka zvakare minhenga inodzivirira zvisikwa zvine mapapiro kubva kuchiedza chezuva nemvura. Mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, inogona kushanda zvakasiyana-siyana, kutonga chiedza, kuburitsa inzwi, kufambisa mvura, kuwedzera kunzwa.
Iyo minhenga zvakare inokonzeresa chimiro, shading uye mamiriro ezvisikwa zvine mapapiro, kuwana zvakakosha mukunyorerana pakati pe conpecifics (vanhu vemarudzi akafanana), iyo inoshanda kuratidza hunhu hwemunhu uye nekudaro inounza tarisiro inogoneka kuburikidza nerudo.
Muswe pakubatana kweshiri
Mune mamwe marudzi eshiri, minhenga mirefu yemuswe kana musoro pasi inowedzera kukwezva nekupfuma kuminhenga yadzo. Uku kushamisira kwezvimiro kunofadza romance pane vanhukadzi. Nekudaro, kuve nenhamba yakakura kudaro yemumvuri kunouya nemubhadharo: Kwenguva yakati rebei, minhenga yemumvuri inogona kukwezva zvikara uye dzimwe nguva inogona kuita kuti kutiza kunetse.
Kune izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa mari isina mubvunzo yehupenyu hwekusikwa kwayo nekuchengetedza. Muswe wakareba wepeacock (Pavo cristatus) inyaya yechokwadi yeiyi: chimiro chakareba kana kureba kupfuura muviri pachawo uye nehuremu hwakakosha zvinokanganisa kubhururuka, kunyanya kana ichifanira kubhururuka nekukurumidza.
Zvakadaro, kureba kwemuswe wepikoko nehuwandu hwemagadzirirwo emeso (ocelli) yainayo zvinoonekwa nezera repikoko. Naizvozvo, muswe chiratidzo chezera remunhu uye ruzivo rwake. Kazhinji, hadzi dzinoda kusvirana nevarume vane hombe ye ocelli pamuswe.
Saka zvisinei nekuti kushongedzwa kunonetsa sei mamiriro ezvinhu apo murume anofanira kutiza kubva kune chikara (kugaro tsunga), kune rimwe simba rinoonekwa nekuwedzera mukutsvaga muwanano, uye ndizvo zvinodaidzwa kuti sarudzo iyi pabonde.
hutano mukusangana kweshiri
Zvinonakidza kuti, mhando dzechirume dzine minhenga ine mumvuri wakasiyana-siyana, semuenzaniso dziva guru - Parus major kana shiri, semuenzaniso goldfinch - carduelis ndidzo dzine rombo rakanaka kana hadzi yadzisarudza. Izvi zvinoitika nokuda kwezvokudya zvakaisvonaka zvavave nazvo.
Kuwanda kwechikafu chine carotenoids chiripo muzvinomera kana muzvisikwa, semuenzaniso, makonye avanowana, ndipo panobva panyanya kucherechedzwa kupenya kwemanhenga avo, saka mukadzi anozozvidudzira sechiratidzo chepamutemo chekuti murume ane kugara zvakanaka uye kukwanisa kuchengeta vana vavo.
Nest building mukupfimba shiri
Mhando dzakawanda dzezvisikwa zvinobhururuka dzine nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira dzimba dzadzo. Muenzaniso unokatyamadza ndewemuruki akavanzika - Ploceus velatus, anovaka dzimba dzakawanda dzinokatyamadza nguva dzose, asi nei vachizviita zvakadaro?
Mhinduro yakakodzera ndiyo inokosha, kukwezva mukwanyina uye fungidziro yokuti ichabereka vana vakawanda. Hono dzinoita musha, dzinokunda hadzi, hadzi uye hadzi inochengeta mazai apo mukono unoumba mumwe musha wokukwezva imwe hadzi.
Mukuwedzera, ruzivo rwemurume runoratidzwa mukuti unyanzvi hwake hwekukura hunofambira mberi nguva dzose, sezvo makore anopfuura, uye dzimba dzake dzichave dzakagadzirwa zviri nani uye dzakanakisisa, nokuti achave akakwana maitiro.
Vatambi vakanaka mukubatana kweshiri
Jongwe-we-matombo - Rupícola peruvianus, ane tsika yerudo, inoshanduka kuita makwikwi uye chikamu chemharidzo kuvakadzi, apo vamwe varume vanoungana munzvimbo yakafanana pakati pematavi uye vanofamba, kuputika, kuputika mapapiro avo uye. vanotumira manzwi chaiwo, rudzi urwu rwerudo mushiri runonzi Lek.
Izvi ndezvekukwezva vakadzi, vaoni uye vanonyoreswa nemumwe wevarume mushure mekuita kwese, zvisinei ivo havafarire uye vanoenda vasina kusarudza mudiwa. Muzviitiko izvi, dendere rinoitwa chete nehadzi, inogadzirira imba pasina rubatsiro rwemukono, uye inochochonya mazai uye kutarisira nhiyo.
Mumwe muenzaniso unonakidza ndeweshiri ine minhenga yakakurumbira yedenga - Lophorina superba, apo murume anoita tsika yerudo, panguva iyo anotambanudza jasi rake rakasviba, mapapiro ake, kusvikira pachipfuva chake paine tambo yebhuruu chete uye maziso ebhuruu. chidimbu chakaonda chose.
Imomo painoratidza kufamba kunoshamisa, kufamba-famba kwemukadzi mukufamba-famba kusvika hakadzi yasarudza kukwira kana kufamba, chiitiko chakanaka kwazvo mukubereka kweavian.
Tsika dzekuchenesa nekushongedza mukupfimbana kweshiri
Pane zviitiko, semuenzaniso, iyo yevhu-ruvara winged bowerbird -Amblyornis inornata, umo murume anodyara simba rake rakawanda achisunungura nzvimbo yevhu uye oisa zvekushongedza, semuenzaniso, mai-we-pearl, pitchers. , hurungudo uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafanana uye kuvaka pergola yekuroya mukadzi.
Nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, murume chete anoita pergola inoshamisa zvikuru achava nekodzero yekuroorana. Panguva yetsika yerudo, murume anofamba-famba nepakati pemamiriro ekunze uye anoita kutinya nekukwesha, nepo mukadzi achimutarisa ari mukati mepergola.
