Kune vanhu vanoda mhuka diki, zvakakosha kuti vazive zvese ruzivo nezve mbeva, nenzira yekuti mune ino post tichakuudza nezve zvese zvine chekuita nemakonzo aya madiki, ayo anozivikanwawo se. mouse zvemumba, zvakajairika kana zvekumba.
Natural History of the Mouse
Inonyanya kuitika uye inozivikanwa irodent yemba, yechipiri yakakura viviparous papasi rose mushure mevanhu. Kunyangwe marudzi akasiyana emakonzo achigara pamwe chete panyika yedzimba, zvese semadyiro evanhu, semhuka dzinovaraidza uye setsikidzi mumarabhoritari, vamwe vanogara kumaruwa.
Sezvo vachigona kudya zvirimwa kana chikafu chevanhu, nzira dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa kare kuti dzirwise kusagara kwavo, kunyange kuita zvekupfuya mhuka dzakasiyana, sekitsi, genes, mhando dzakasiyana dzemongo uye ferret.
Munzvimbo yechisikigo vanobatwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodya nyama uye shiri, senge raptors nocturnal uye diurnal iyo inogona kuvabata zuva rose, kuwedzera kune hombe dzinodya nyoka, toad, madzvinyu nemamwe makonzo chikamu chekutyisidzira kwavo nguva dzose.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ese aya anoreva kuti hupenyu hunotarisirwa a mouse isingasviki mwedzi mitatu, kunyange zvazvo vachigara muusungwa, tarisiro yeupenyu hwavo inowedzera kusvika kumakore maviri. Imba kana gonzo rinopfuyiwa rinogona kuve mufambidzani akanaka semhuka inopfuyiwa, kunyangwe kufarira kwekutanga kwevanhu kunoenderana nemabhenefiti ayo semhuka yekuyedza murabhoritari.
Zviri nyore kuvapa chikafu, vanotora nzvimbo diki yekugara kwavo, vanowanda zviri nyore uye vari mhuka dzinoyamwisa, zvekuti mukuwongorora kwakawanda uye nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa navo, vanopa semhedzisiro zvimwe zvidzidzo uye humbowo hwakafanana ne izvo zvakawanikwa mukutsvagisa kwakaitwa nevanhu pasi pemamiriro akafanana.
Rodent yepamba ndiyo imwe yemhuka huru uko kutevedzana kweiyo genetics yakaitwa nenzira yakakwana, sezvo iri imwe yevane ropafadzo yekuve kunze kwepasi ichifamba kuenda mudenga, kubvira muna 2006, a. boka remakonzo rakanga riri mukuedza kwakaedza kuita kuti ritenderere pasi, richizviratidzira rimene kusimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rakafanana zvikuru neiro repasi reMars.
Makonzo anekwaniso yekuona mutsauko pakati pechiedza nerima toni, asi haana kugona kusiyanisa mavara. Nekuda kwechiono chavo, zvinoratidzwa kuti nharaunda yavo uye zvese zvavanogona kuona zvakapendwa kana kuti vanozviona mune akasiyana mumvuri wegrey.
Kutevera mabviro ayo, genesis yekupinda kwakarongeka kwe "Mus Musculus" inogara ichizivikanwa nezita rekuti. mouse grey kana muranda, yakatanga kuMiddle East, yakaziviswa nevashandi vanoumbwa nemasayendisiti kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka dzaive dzakakwana 8, mune kudhindwa kwesainzi kweScientific Reports.
Ongororo iyi yakaongorora pamusoro pe800 skeletal zvisaririra zvediki mouse, iyo yose zvayo yakabva munzvimbo 43 dzekare kuMiddle East uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEuropean Continent, kubva kunyika yeIran uye kunyange Greece, vose vane makore ari pakati pe4.000 ne3.000 ezera.
Nekuongorora uku kwemakonzo, zvidzidzo zvemorphometric zvakaitwawo, izvo zvakabatsira kusimbisa ruzivo rwemajini avo uye data neradiocarbon teknolojia. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza kuti kugara kwegrey rodent nemunhu kunobva panguva dzekutanga dzekugara muvanhu, zvinova makore angangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu.
Zvinonzi pakamirira makore angangoita 5.000 XNUMX kuti rudzi urwu rwegonzo ripinde mugungwa. mhuka dzesango dzekuEurope, sezvo kukura kwayo mukondinendi yeEurope kuchienderana nekusvika kwekatsi dzepakutanga dzakachengetwa. Iyi mhedziso inosvikwa nekutanga zvisaririra zvakawanikwa munzvimbo idzo dzisati dzave dzekare dzaigara muCyprus, Greece neEastern Europe.
Yaiva panguva iyoyo apo mbeva dzakasvika muEurope, iyo danho rakapiwa kudzidzisa zvizvarwa zvemhuka, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pachena kana yaiva chaiyo panguva iyoyo. Nenzira yokuti katsi dzakava dzinokosha zvikuru munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeEurope dzenguva iyoyo, sezvo dzainzwisisa kuti idzi ndidzo dzaigona kudzivisa kupambwa kwezvokudya zvaivamo.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mouse grey imhando yemakonzo eboka reMuridae, iro rinosanganisira huwandu hukuru hwemakonzo aripo uye anowanzo kunzi mbeva, uko zita ravo rinowanzo shandiswa kumhando dzekirasi yavo dzemamwe mapoka, dzinotaurwa nezvadzo senzira yakajairika. nezita iroro.
Mouse Features
Pakati pehunhu hweiyo mouse, tinogona kutaura kuti ine hurefu hunosvika 60 kusvika 90 millimeters, muvanhu vakuru chete, ine muswe we80 kusvika 100 millimeters kureba, saka zviri pachena kuti muswe wayo wakareba zvakanyanya kudarika muviri wayo, kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvose zvichibva pane saizi yemuviri. Iyo shoma inogona kuyera magiramu gumi nemashanu, nepo huwandu hwe15 gramu.
Ine mhuno yakati rebei pamwe chete nendebvu dzayo, maziso ayo madiki, matema, uye nzeve dzakatenderera. The mouse Inogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzegrey uye brown, uko mavara ese anogara achisiyana maererano neaya maviri.
Mubvunzo wakajairika unobvunzwa nevakawanda ndewe Mbeva inorarama kwenguva yakareba sei?Huye, chokwadi ndechekuti gonzo diki iyi haisi mhuka inogara kwenguva refu, nekuti inogona kungorarama kwenguva inosvika makore maviri kusvika mashanu.
Mouse Anatomy
Hunde yemakonzo yakafukidzwa nebvudzi uye yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, izvo musoro, nzvimbo iyo muromo wavo uri, uye nhengo dzavo dzekunzwa (kunhuwa, kuona, nzeve). Yechipiri ndiyo trunk, iyo ine 4 migumo yakabatana uye pakupedzisira ndiyo muswe, iyo inowanikwa zvishoma yakaparadzaniswa neanus yayo, yakatokura kupfuura trunk yayo uye musoro.
Musoro
Izvi zvakapatsanurwa kubva pahunde nemutsipa, mhino dzekunze dzakavhurika kune ventral chiso chemhino yayo, kunyangwe neinogumira kumusoro, ipapo tichaona kuti ndebvu dzayo dzinoibatsira semuviri wekubata. Chiono chegonzo chinoumbwa nemaziso, uye muromo waro unoganhurwa nemiromo miviri.
Hunde
Nhengo yemuviri wayo iyi ine mapeya maviri emagumo padivi payo, ukuwo mazamu neburi rinobudisira weti, kunze kwetsvina yaro, zviri pahwaro hwayo. Iyo yekumusoro ine quartet yezvigunwe zvakaumbwa zvakanaka zvinosvika munzara, uye iine nhare shanu muchanza chayo, kunyangwe iyo yepasi iine zvigunwe zvishanu zvakaumbwa zvakanaka zvakare.
Ndove yadzo iri nyore kuziva, sezvo dzakafanana pakureba netsanga yemupunga, uko kuyerwa kwadzo kunosiyana pakati pemamirimita matatu ne3. Rodent ndeyekuAsia, kunyanya kubva kuEast Asia, uye kukura kwayo pasi rose kwakaitika munzvimbo dzinorimwa zviyo uye kunochengetwa chikafu.
Vanogona uye vanowanzogara munzvimbo dzine zvirimwa zvakawanda, kana kuti kune zvirimwa zvakawanda, vanogadzira dzimba dzavo mumapako asina kudzika, kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzowana maburi kunze kwenzvimbo dzine zvirimwa zvishoma. Munzvimbo dzisiri dzekumaruwa vanogonawo kugara mumirwi yemashizha kana mumakoramu emapuranga, vanowanzogara mumatombo, sezvo zvingava zvakakwana pakugara kwavo.
Kana kunze kuchitonhora, vanoenda kunzvimbo dzemukati kunotsvaga tembiricha inodziya, kazhinji vanogadzira migodhi munzvimbo dzine chikafu chiri pedyo, uye kuti vazadzise chinangwa chavo vanogara vachiguma vaita zvinokuvadza izvo zvavanazvo munzvimbo yavanovaka. .
Mouse Kudyisa
Kana iwe uchizvibvunza mubvunzo wekuti mbeva dzinodyei?, chokwadi ndechokuti izvi zvinotsamira zvikuru pakugara kwavo, sezvo nhamba hurusa yemarudzi eMus achidya zvinomera, anodya zvibereko zvose kana kuti tsanga dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti makonzo anogona kunyatsoenderana kune chero mhando yenzvimbo yemudhorobha, uye anozivikanwa zvakare kudya pane chero chasara chikafu chaanogona kubata maoko.
Kana ari muhunhapwa, makonzo aya anopihwa chikafu chine hunhu hwakasiyana, mapiritsi emakonzo, asi achigona kudya marudzi mazhinji echikafu, angave akasununguka kumaruwa kana kunhapwa.
Huwandu hwechikafu chavanodya hunenge magiramu gumi nemashanu pa15 magiramu ehuremu hwemuviri wavo zuva nezuva, huwandu hwemvura hwavanodya hunosvika 100 milliliters pa15 gramu yehuremu. Pavanodya chikafu chenyama, izvi zvinonyanya kubva kune zvakaora, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakaora zvechimwe chemapoka avo mamwe emakonzo.
Hunhu hwekudyisa vanhu uhu hunozivikanwa zvikuru panguva dzekushomeka, izvo nguva zhinji zvinokonzereswa nedenda remakonzo kana vachinge vachidya chikafu chose chinogona kuwanikwa kwavari munharaunda, uye nguva zhinji zvave kuratidza kuti zvimwe zveizvi. mbeva dziri panguva yakaoma kuwana chikafu chadzo, dzinopedzisira dzadya muswe.
Mouse Distribution
El mouse Inoparadzirwa pasi rose uye inowanikwa kuAsia, zvisinei, inogona kuwanikwa muEurope, North Africa, America neOceania, pamwe neAustralia nezvimwe zvitsuwa. MuCanary Islands inoonekwa muzvitsuwa zvese nezvitsuwa, kuSpain inowanikwa munharaunda yese, kusanganisira maviri archipelagos, Ceuta neMelilla.
Mouse Behaviour
Mbeva munzvimbo dzadzo dzemusango dzinowanzo kuberekana chete mumwaka wechirimo, zvisinei, dziri muhusungwa dzinoberekana nguva dzose, mhuka idzi hadziparadzanise kubva kumaburi avo kwenguva yakareba uye dzinogara dzichishandisa nzira imwe chete kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. kune mumwe, vanowanzoshandisa micheto yedzimba kufamba, vanosiya chiratidzo nemafuta ebvudzi ravo uye weti.
Mouse Playback
Mbeva dzinogona kunge dzakakura pabonde kana dziri pakati pe5 uye 7 mavhiki ezera. Kuberekana kwemakonzo kwakasiyana neanogara muutapwa uye neanogara kunze, zvekuti anogara mukati memba anobatana gore rose, kunyangwe achinzvenga munguva yechando.
Izvi zvinogadzira migodhi yavo nemapepa, makushe nezvimwe zvinhu zvavanowana, mumakomba ari mumadziro, mapako epasi uye mavhodhi. Nekune rimwe divi, mbeva dzinogara kunze dzine nguva pfupi yekubereka, kunyangwe zvichienderana zvakanyanya nekuti dziri papi, dzinogadzira migodhi yadzo mupombi nemumikoto yadzinochera, dzozovhara nehuswa kana pasi pematombo.
