Wese munhu anovaziva uye munhu wese akadya kamwechete muhupenyu hwavo: isu tiri kutaura nezvazvo hamburger, zvichida sandwich yakakurumbira uye chikafu chekutsanya neunyanzvi. Yakatenderedza pasirese, kunyanya nekuda kwemaketani akaita seMcDonald's (panyaya iyi, tinokurudzira kuona iyo firimu. The Founder naJohn Lee Hancock), uye nhasi tinozviwana mune zviuru zvakasiyana, kubva ku classic nyama kusvikira vegan.
Asi, chii chakanyatsovanzwa kuseri kwerudzi irworwo rwenyama yakakangwa iyo inowanzopihwa lettuce, tomato nehanyanisi, uye inoperekedzwa negomo reFrench fries? Ko dai yanga isiri chaiyo yakagadzirwa neAmerica? Ngationei zvakaoma hamburger nyaya, iyo vakawanda vanoti ndivo vakaigadzira.
Iyo hamburger ine mavambo echiGerman
Ngatitangei rwendo rwedu rwunozotitungamira kuti tiburitse nhoroondo inobatika yechimwe chezvikafu zvine mukurumbira pasi rose, izvo zvinoita sekunge kune vanhu vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vanopokana nehukuru hwekuzvigadzira nekuzviparadzira. Ndotangira papi ipapo? Kutanga kubva pakutanga, uye nekuda kweizvi tinofanira kudzokera ku1891, mukati Alemaniachaizvo muguta re Hamburg.
Unoona zvakafanana here? Ehe hongu, muchokwadi zvinoita sekunge iyo hamburger yakagadzirwa nemumwe Otto Kuasw, mubiki wekuGermany kuti akanga aedza kuvhomora soseji kubva muura hwayo, kuipfavisa, uye kuigocha mubhota. Asi pfungwa huru yaive uiise pakati pezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa.
Zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo (uye dzimwe ngano), sandwich iyi - inozivikanwa se "German steak" - yakatanga kuwana mukurumbira pakati pevashandi vechiteshi cheHamburg nevafambisi vezvikepe, nekuti yaive chikafu chinokurumidza uye chemoyo. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, yakanga inonaka zvikuru.
Asi nyama yesoseji iyi, yakatsetseka uye yakaiswa pakati pezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa, yakasvika sei kuAmerica? Eya, Hamburg ndiyo nzvimbo huru yokubuda nayo pachiteshi chezvikepe muGermany, uye kubva ipapo zvinoita sokuti, muna 1894, vamwe vafambisi vezvikepe vakanga vaita rombo rakanaka kuti vaedze chinonaka ichi, pavakangosvika muNew York, vakataura nezvemasangweji eKuasw. Panguva iyoyo, vabiki vemaresitorendi munzvimbo iyi vakatanga kugadzirira sangweji iyi yevafambisi vezvikepe ... saka, resipi, inozivikanwa se Hamburger Steaks, kureva, steak ye "avo vanobva kuHamburg".
Kune zvakare kutaura nezvekwakabva kuRussia ...
Imwe vhezheni yakafanana yenyaya - iyo inogara ichiona guta reHamburg seanopikisa- inotaura kuti, muchokwadi, yaive MaMongolia, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, avo vakaparadzira tsika yenyama yakakanyiwa: zvinoratidzika kuti vakachengeta mamwe "appetizers" pasi pechigaro chemabhiza, kuitira kuti nyama ive nyoro pavanenge vakatasva uye, kana zvichidiwa, vaibvisa kubva pasi pechigaro chemabhiza. chigaro uye voilà… vakatove nekudya kwakanaka kwemasikati vasina kana kuburuka pabhiza!
Khubilai Khan, muzukuru weasiri mumwe kunze kwaGenghis Khan, anoratidzika kuva akaparadzira iyi tsika yechienzi apo akapinda muMoscow, sezviri pachena achiunza tsika dzake namagamuchidzanwa naye. Iyi tsika saka "yakagamuchirwa" nevaRussia, vakatanga kuidana steak tartare. Asi Russia inei nechekuita neHamburg? Maererano nekuvakazve kwezvakaitika kare, zvikepe zveRussia zvakange zviri izvo muzana remakore rechiXNUMX zvakaunza chigadziro che steak tartare kuchiteshi cheHamburg, uko kwaiva nevashoma vashoma veRussia vakanyoreswa zvakasimba, kusvika pakuti. guta reGerman rakatumidzwa zita rekuti "Russian port".
Uye sezvo zvaisazove zvishoma ... vaAmerica vanotiwo ndivo vekutanga
Sezvo neiyo sosi, saka zvinoita se "official" izvozvo iyo hamburger haina kuberekerwa muAmerica uye kuti ine hukama hunokosha neguta reGermany reHamburg. Asi chii chakaitika kune resipi payakasvika muNyika Itsva? Iko pano, chaizvoizvo, iyo nyaya inotanga kuoma, uye vazhinji vanopokana nekunyora kweresipi ... tichataura pamusoro pevatatu vavo, avo vanoonekwa se "vakabvumirwa", asi, zviri pachena, hazvisi. zviri kwatiri kuti tisarudze kuti ndeipi zvechokwadi kwakabva hamburgers nemusiki wavo.
Kana waizobvunza mamiriro e Wisconsin uko sandwich yakakurumbira munyika yakaberekerwa, mhinduro yaizova pachena. Hazvina tsanga kuti guta reSeymour rinozvidaidza kuti iro "burger house", nokuti sezviri pachena, muna 1885, imwe Charles Nagreen, akaberekerwa mutaundi iroro, akagadzira hamburger yemazuva ano yokutanga munhau. Maererano nekuvakazve uku, Nagreen ane makore gumi nemashanu akavhura dumba paOutagamie County Fair achitengesa dumplings. Bhizimisi, zvisinei, rakanga risingafambi zvakanaka, nokuti nyama dzenyama dzakanga dzisina kugadzikana kudya dzichifamba-famba muzvakanaka ... saka, mune imwe nguva yekufemerwa, jaya rakafunga nezve. vabatanidze, vaise pakati pemasangweji maviri uye vadaidze "maburger".
Burger Hall yeMukurumbira
Uye sezviri pachena yaive sarudzo yakanaka, sezvo gore rega rega aidzoka kuzotengesa hunyanzvi hwake pamutambo, achikohwa kubudirira kukuru, kusvika pakuzivikanwa se "Hamburger Charlie". Bhizinesi rakaenderera mberi kusvika 1951, gore rekufa kwake, asi chirevo chake - Burgers, burgers, hot burgers; hanyanisi pakati, pickle pamusoro. Inoita kuti muromo wako unwe: kukwezva vanhu kuti vatenge masangweji ake, akanga atoita nhoroondo. Nhasi, chaizvoizvo, Wisconsin inodada nekuva ne Burger Hall yeMukurumbira uye inoronga, Nyamavhuvhu wega wega, mutambo wakatsaurirwa zvachose kune ichi chikafu chinokurumidza, nezviitiko zvakaita se "parade yemahamburgers makuru pasi rose". Ndiani anokunda? Parizvino rekodhi inobatwa neimwe ye5.520 kilos iyo yakashumirwa muna 1989.
Hama dzekwaManches dzinokunda Hamburg, panguva ino muNew York
Takatamira kuCanton, Ohio, uye tinozviita mugore 1885. Pano tinosangana ne mukoma Frank naCharles Manches, aiita bhizimusi rekutengesa masoseji akagochwa pa fairground circuits. Ngano inoti pavakanga vachironga kutengesa masangweji avo pa Erie Nyika Zvakanaka, muguta reHamburg, mudunhu reNew York, vakapedza nyama yenguruve pazuva rainzi rinopisa zvikuru zvokusagona kuuraya mhuka uyewo vanokwanisa kuchengeta kuvimbika kwenyama yavo (ngatitii havana kuiitira zvikuru nokuda kwezvakanaka zvemhuka asi nokuda kwokufarikanya kwakatevera kwenyama yavo) .
Asi apo kudikanwa kunotsikirira... hama mbiri hadzina kuzvirega dzimene dzichiodzwa mwoyo ndokutsvaka imwe nzira. Rvakatsiva nyama yenguruve panzvimbo yemombe, vachiipfumisa nekofi, shuga yebrown nehanyanisi yakakangwa, uye vakatumidza zvisikwa zvavo kuti hamburger mukukudza Hamburg, guta rakaitirwa mutambo wacho.
Saka…ndiani akagadzira hamburger?
Iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa vhezheni (zvisinei nekuti ivo vese vanoedza kutora hukuru hwevagadziri) ndiyo inosimbisa kuti pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, muzvikepe yakatorwa ne Vanobva kuEurope bound for America, kuti vachengetedze nguva nemari, vaishumira nyama yenyama grilled pakati pezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa. Zvikepe zvaive chikamu che hamburg line uye inofungidzira kuti sandwich ine zita rayo kubva ipapo.
Gare gare, pavakangoburuka muAmerica, vatorwa vakaramba vachigadzira nyama dzakachipa idzi, vachidzidaidza. hamburger steak uyezve vakarishandura kuita zita rakareruka, burger, iro muchiGerman rinoreva "kubva kuguta reHamburg". Munguva pfupi, chikafu ichi chinonaka uye chiri nyore-kudya (chinogona kunakidzwa chero kupi, pabhenji, muhofisi kana kunyange kufamba) chakave chakakurumbira pasi rose. United States.
Louis Lassen uye yake Louis 'Lunch
Kunyange zvakadaro, imwe yedzidziso dzinonyanya kutenderwa ndiyo inoitwa nayo Louis Lassen uye iyo Louis 'Lunch Wagon, yakavhurwa muna 1895 muNew Haven, Connecticut. Chii chaizvo? Restaurant yake yaisanganisira a Chikafu Wagon, rudzi rwengoro diki yaitengesa kudya kwemangwanani nekudya kuvashandi. Asi nei nzvimbo iyi ichizvikudza kuti yakagadzira hamburger yekutanga munhoroondo?
Sezviri pachena zuva rakanaka mukati 1900, mumwe mutengi akanga ari mukumhanya-mhanya uye akanga achitsvaka zvokudya zvemasikati nokukurumidza. Ngano ine kuti Lassen akatora zvainge zvasara zvemafillets, akaagayauye pakupedzisira, akaaisa pakati pezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa chakagochwa, kuitira kuti mutengi wake aende nacho ndokuchidya zvakanaka munzira. Ndiyo yaive poindi yekunongedza: mutengi akafara, uye Lassen akafunga kugadzira resipi chaiyo kubva mukuyedza kwakaitika. Kubva ipapo, akaenderera mberi nekushandira hamburger yakagadzirwa nayo 5 zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvenyama yakachekwa nebanga ndokubva ndabika mukati madhirowa esimbi akakosha. Nyaya yaLassen inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo uye inodudzwa neLibhurari yeCongress, iyo inoona Louis Lunch senzvimbo yakatengeswa hamburger yekutanga muna 1900.
Pachine vakwikwidzi vakawanda, uye maburger achine nzira dzekuenda kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi2022 kusvika XNUMX, kubva kuWhite Castle cheni yaitengesa masangweji mashanu. Peni, kunyange McDonald's kana Burger King. Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chamutsa chishuwo chako pamusoro peimwe yemaresitorendi echikafu ane mukurumbira pasi rose, anoitwa nguva dzose. 28 yaMay Chemhondoro World Burger Day. Topembera nesangweji inonaka here? Uye zvakadini nekuyedza vegan burgers?