Unoziva here kuti megadiverse chii? Munyika mune huwandu hukuru hweecosystems inogona kuve yakasarudzika. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi dzine humwe hunhu hunogona kugarisa mhuka dzemhuka, zvirimwa, zvinokambaira, zvinoyamwisa uye kunyange zvipembenene zvisingawanikwe kumwe kumwe. Apa ndipo panotanga pfungwa yemegadiversity. Muchinyorwa chino tichakuzivisa iwe kuti idzi megadiverse nzvimbo ndedzipi uye zvadzinongoitika. Ramba uchiverenga uchashamisika!
Chii chinonzi Megadiverse?
Izwi rekuti Megadiverse rinoreva zvakasiyana-siyana zveecosystems inowanikwa pasirese, imwe neimwe yeiyi ecosystem ine hunhu hwakanyanya. Kune nzvimbo dzepasi pano dzinogara kune huwandu hukuru hwekusiyana kwezvipenyu uye mhuka dzakawanda kupfuura dzimwe, nekuda kwenzvimbo dzadzo, mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yenzvimbo uye imwe nhevedzano yemamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti ive yakanaka kune yavo yekugara. Vanogara kupfuura 70% yezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvePasi.
Munyika mune nyika dzinonzi megadiverse, ndizvo zvakaita Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua, New Guinea, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, United States, China, Philippines, Australia, India, South. Africa, Congo neMadagascar. Idzi nyika gumi nenomwe dzinogara kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, shiri, zvinokambaira uye amphibians, pakati pedzimwe mhuka, idzo mune dzimwe nguva dzakasiyana munyika, nekudaro kukosha kwazvo nekuchengetedza.
Hunhu hweMegadiversity
Kuti dunhu kana nyika isarudzwe semegadiverse, zvinofanirwa kuti isangane nemamwe maitiro, senge geographical chinzvimbo chainotenderedza, iyo inozivisa mamiriro ekunze, kuitira kuti ecosystems zhinji ikure zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinopisa kana kuti pedyo navo zvikuru. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzenzvimbo, kana nzvimbo ine makomo, masango, masango, makungwa, nzizi, madziva, ine mukana mukuru wekugamuchira huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzemaruva nemhuka.
Zvakakosha kuti nzvimbo idzi dzenharaunda dzine nzvimbo yakakura yekukura nekugadzirisa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzavo dzose, sezvo kuwedzera kukuru kwevhu kunodiwa kuti vakure zvakasununguka. Munyaya yekuve nezvitsuwa kana peninsula mazviri, mamwe marudzi anogona kuve akasiyana, nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa, izvo zvinofarira kuberekana kwawo.
Sei mamwe Makondinendi uye Nyika dziri Megadiverse?
Munyika makondinendi mana chete anogona kutorwa semegadiverse, ndeaya: America, Asia, Africa neOceania. Mukutaura, makondinendi aya ndiwo musha weinopfuura 70% yezvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi, zvakapararira pamusoro penyika gumi nenomwe, idzo dzine chisungo chekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kusimukira kwemarudzi ese.
America inotungamira runyorwa rwemakondinendi emegadiverse nekuti imusha kunharaunda yeAmazon, inoonekwa seyakakura kwazvo pasirese uye nekudaro nehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwezvipenyu, pano pane imba inodarika 50% yemarudzi ese epasi, akapararira pamusoro penyika 7. Inotevera iAsia ine nyika shanu, Africa ine nhatu neOceania ine mbiri, dzose dzinotorwa seMegadivesos.
Nyika dzine hunhu hunofanirwa kuverengerwa semegadiverse dzinongori gumi nenomwe, idzi dzakaonekwa neCentre for Monitoring the Conservation of the Environment (CMCA) yeUnited Nations Environment Programme muna 17, nechinangwa chekusimudzira, kusimbisa. uye kupa kukosha kukuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi munyika. Kwegore ra1998, boka renyika dzemegadiverse rakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwekusiyana kwezvipenyu panyika.
Megadiverse Nyika
Mukondinendi yeAmerica mune nyika nomwe chete dzinogona kunzi megadiverse, nekuda kwenzvimbo yadzinogara, kuwedzera kwenzvimbo inogarwa nemhuka uye pamusoro pemamiriro ese ekunze uye mamiriro enzvimbo.
America
Mukondinendi ino, nyika dzakaita seBrazil dzinoiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakura yesango reAmazon, iro kusvika parizvino rinogara kune anopfuura mamirioni mana emhuka nemiti. Inotevera iColombia, munyika ino unogona kuwana 4% yemarudzi epasirese. Ecuador, kune chikamu chayo, inoonekwa semegadiverse uye muenzaniso wechokwadi maererano nekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvipenyu.
Ikozvino, United States ine maturakiti makuru evhu uye nekudaro akasiyana siyana ecosystem. Mexico zvakare hutiziro hwe10% yezvipenyu zvinogara Pasi. Peru, ine chikamu chesango reAmazon rinoita kuti ive nenhamba yakawanda yemhuka nezvinomera. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki iVenezuela, ine mhatsa yakakura yezvirimwa nemhuka, asi pamusoro pezvose ndiyo yega ine 15% yeshiri munyika.
Asia
Panyika yeAsia, China inogona kutorwa senyika ine megadiverse iyo inogara kune huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu. Iyo Philippines, seColombia, ine akasiyana siyana masisitimu, kunyanya emugungwa, nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvitsuwa zvinogadzira. Indonesia ndiyo ine nhamba huru yemaruva nemhuka dzakasiyana pasi rose.
India yakaita nhamburiko yekuchengetedza mhuka, wanga uri muenzaniso wechokwadi wekutevera kutenda kunzvimbo dzayo 500 uye 13 biosphere reserves. Malaysia ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana asi zvinosuwisa kuti hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hwayo hwave husina kunyatsokodzera kune inonzi inzvimbo ine njodzi.
Africa
Iyi ikondinendi inokwanisa kuchengetedza huwandu hukuru hweecosystems nekuda kweiyo geographic zvinhu. Ndizvo zvakaita South Africa, iyo ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka dzesango, dzinoisa chikamu gumi kubva muzana chemarudzi epasi rose. Inotevera iMadagascar ine marudzi akasiyana ezvidyarwa nemhuka, nekuda kwekuti iri pachitsuwa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, nokuda kwayo, ine sango guru kupfuura mamwe pasi rose mushure meAmazon, izvo zvinoita kuti ive musha kune marudzi akawanda uye naizvozvo zvisikwa.
Oceania
Kondinendi yakanaka iyi inogara mhuka dzakasiyana, dzinosanganisira zvinokambaira, zvinoyamwisa uye zvipembenene. Nzvimbo yaro panyika inoibvumira kuti ive pakati pezvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu. MuAustralia, unogona kuwana huwandu hukuru hwezvipfuyo kwete chete munzvimbo yepasi chete asiwo mugungwa, izvo zvinonyanya kupararira. Kune rumwe rutivi, Papua New Guinea inyika ine zvishoma zvishoma, saka mhando itsva dzemiti nemhuka dziri kuwanikwa nguva dzose.
Zviito zveMegadiverse Countries
Nyika dzinoumba boka renzvimbo dzemegadiverse dzepasi dzave dzichishanda kweanopfuura makore gumi nezvinangwa zvakafanana sekuchengetedza, kununura uye kutarisirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzavanogara. Kuti izvi zviitike, vanosimudzira mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa anobvumira kuchengetedzwa kwekusiyana kwebiology. Pamusoro pezvo, vanotsvaga kukurudzira kusimukira kwakasimba kwenyika kuti dzimise kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza.
Gadzirai mitemo yakabatana inobvumira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu munzvimbo ipi zvayo. Batanidza chirongwa chakavanzika, chekutonga kunoshanda kweyakasikwa capital yenyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanangana nekuchengetedza ecological.
Mienzaniso yeMegadiversity
Sezvakatoonekwa, nyika zhinji dzine huwandu hukuru hwemhuka nemhando dzemaruva, mazhinji acho akasiyana nerudzi rwawo, ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Iye zvino tinotsanangura mamwe emhando idzi nenharaunda kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuiona zviri nani.
China, semuenzaniso, imusha kune zvinodarika 30.000 zvinomera uye 14% yemhuka dzepasi rose. Colombia ine munharaunda yayo marudzi 456 emhuka dzinoyamwisa uye anopfuura 55000 marudzi emiti. Australia inyika inenge yakadzivirirwa zvachose, ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana akadai sekangaroo, koala, platypus, possum uye madhiyabhorosi eTasmanian, mukuwedzera pakuva nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeeucalyptus nemiti yemiakasia. Madagascar ine marudzi makumi matatu nembiri emaprimate akasiyana pasi rose uye makumi maviri nemasere emhando dzezviremwaremwa.
Brazil, yekuve nekuwedzera kukuru kwesango rinonaya reAmazon, ine nhamba huru yemhuka dzinoyamwisa pasi rose uye dzinopfuura 3000 hove dzemvura yakachena, mukuwedzera kune mazana mashanu nenomwe emarudzi emamphibians pakati pemamwe marudzi. MuDemocratic Republic of the Congo, unogona kuwana mhuka huru dzinoyamwisa dzakadai senzou, ingwe, shumba, chimpanzi netwiza. Venezuela ine dura guru rezvirimwa rine marudzi 517 15.500 nemarudzi 1200 ehove.
Uku kudoma nyika shoma dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvipenyu pasi rose.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Wanga uchiziva here kuti kuMadagascar ndiko kumusha kune inopfuura hafu yemarudzi echameleon? MuVenezuela inofungidzirwa kuti kune 110 zviuru nemazana matatu emarudzi ezvipembenene. Colombia imusha kune 5 biosphere reserves munzvimbo dzayo shanu, zvichiita kuti ive yechipiri pakati penyika dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose. Australia ine yakakura zvipingamupinyi reef munyika uye nekudaro ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekugara nekuti, nekuda kweiyo 348.700 km², imusha kune nhamba huru yezvipenyu zvemugungwa.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve Chii chinonzi Megadiverse, tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera uye iwe uchadzidza zvakawanda nezve Biodiversity:
https://youtu.be/_SzOWbBrUJ0
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezveNzvimbo, enda mberi uye uteedzere izvi zvinongedzo!
Musiyano Pakati peEcology uye Zvakatipoteredza
Mabasa Ekuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza
Tingabatsira Sei Zvakatipoteredza?