Octopus: Hunhu, Habitat, Chikafu uye nezvimwe

El Pulpo, is a marine octopod, isina marangwanda emukati nekunze. Nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, inotorwa seyakanyanya hunyanzvi uye hungwaru hwezvipembenene. Ichi chinyorwa chinoratidza zvizere uye zvinonakidza zvemukati zvemhuka iyi ine chimiro chakasiyana, inokwanisa kuvanza zvakavanzika.

El Pulpo

El octopus, imollusk isina muzongoza, kureva kuti, inhengo yekupatsanurwa kwemhuka. Isina skeleton yemukati nekunze, zvakare iine hunhu hwekuti muviri wayo wakapfava. Naizvozvo, haina kana chifukidziro chinoidzivirira kubva kunjodzi yezvikara zvayo. Iine matende masere, ndosaka ichinzi octopod.

Hungwaru hwake, hungwaru uye hunyanzvi hwake zvinomuisa seane hungwaru hwerudzi rwake. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti ane ndangariro yakasiyana. Zvakare nekugona kunoshamisa kwekupindura kune kusagadzikana kunomuka panguva yekudzingwa kwako. Humwe hwemano ake akatanhamara ndeekuva nekwaniso yekutevedzera, kukopa kana kudzokorora maitiro emhuka.

Asi zvose izvi zvisati zvaitika, pane zvinoshamisa zvikuru, zvinova uchenjeri kana mano ekuvaraidza uye kukunda izvo zvinofanirwa kuzviratidza sezvikara. Nokuti pakupedzisira anokwanisa kutiza achivasiya vavhiringidzika uye vachinyengerwa. Nekudaro, pese pazvinogoneka kwaari, anotora kutaridzika kwezvinhu zvemhoteredzo yake nekuti ndiye mumwe we mhuka dzinovanza.

Nezvakakwana kuchinjika kuburikidza nekushanduka kwayo kune simba, zvese kune maumbirwo uye mavara, pasina kusiya maumbirwo kumashure. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo zvose izvi zvekunyengera adventures hazvina kururama uye anoenda kune imwe iyo ichamuponesa zvechokwadi, iyo iri kudzinga ingi yake, achisiya vavengi vake nechiratidzo chisina kujeka.

Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikara zvavo zvigare pamberi pemvura ine makore zvachose uko kugona kwavo kunhuwa kunodzikirawo. Kupa octopus nenguva yakakodzera yekupukunyuka pasina kuonekwa, mushure mekutora mumvura nekuidzinga, iyo ndiyo nzira yekufambisa iyo inofamba nayo.

Hapana chinokutadzisa kutora hutongi

Nemaitiro ayo, zvivakwa, matekiniki, hunyengeri, hunyengeri uye kunyangwe hunyoro, zvinoita sekunge hongu, octopus inyanzvi yekupona kana kurarama. Haaregi, kupindura kwake kunoyemurika uye kakawanda hakuna kunaka, anoziva nzira yekunyengera uye haamiri pakuvhiringidza kuedza kwakawanda kwevavengi vake.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti zvikara zvakadai semashaki anotyisa, ma<em>conger eel, ma<em>dolphin, ma<em>grouper, uye kunyange ma<em>eels, haatombozivi nezvokuvapo kwawo. Nekuti iyo octopus nehungwaru hwayo yakakunda muhunyanzvi hwekufukidzira, ivo vachishambira nekutuhwina parutivi rwavo vasingaone kuvepo kwavo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, kana mhuka inoparadza inotora tende, kuibata, haina maturo. Nekuti kunyangwe ukaibvisa, unozokwanisa kuramba uchirarama nekuti inozozvigadzira patsva nekufamba kwenguva. Pasina kumiririra chikonzero chinokonzeresa chipinganidzo kana kukuvadza mukukura kwayo kana kuvapo kwayo.

Kuvapo kwavo muMythology kana Tsika

Sezvineiwo, zvave zvakajairika kuti maoctopus kuita zviratidzo zvavo zvinokatyamadza munyaya dzakasiyana siyana uko kune kuvepo kwekutyisa uye kutya. Kwazvakaratidzwa sezvazviri, sedzimwe mharidzo dzavakashandisa nzira dzinoratidza fungidziro.

Kune mienzaniso yakadai saKraken, anobva mungano yeScandinavia, inomiririra chikara chihombe kubva pakadzika chakauya pamusoro kuzorwisa zvikepe uye kudya vafambisi vezvikepe. Imwe inofanana naAkkorokamui, chikara chehukuru hukuru, chikamu chengano yeAinos.

Kune rimwe divi, mhuka dzeoctopod idzi dzinodudzirwa muchikamu chezvinyorwa zvechiJapan zvichireva kufungidzira uye kuratidzwa kwepabonde sehunyanzvi, hunodaidzwa kuti Shunga.

Octopus taxonomy

Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwakapihwa neChirungu zoologist, marine biologist uye zvakare inhengo yeRoyal Society (FRS), William Elford Leach, muna 1818, taxonomy ye octopus ndeiyi inotevera:

• Zita resainzi: Octopoda
• Animalia Kingdom
• Phylum: Mollusca
• Kirasi: Cephalopoda
• Subclass: Coleoidea
• Superorder: Octopododiforms
• Order: Octopoda
• Suborders: Cirrina – Incirrina

Mavambo uye Evolutionary Development yeOctopus

Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti kirasi yezvipembenene zvegungwa chikamu chemollusk phylum. Vanodaidzwa kuti cephalopods, vakararama kweanenge mamiriyoni mazana mashanu emakore. Iko, kune rumwe rutivi, madzitateguru emaoctopods akauya kuzozadza makungwa panguva yePaleozoic Era. Kunyanya munguva yeCarconiferous, kwenguva iyo inotenderera inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu emakore. Iyo yakanyanya primitive steolith (fossil bone) ndeyePohlsepia, yaivepo 500 miriyoni makore apfuura.

Mumwe ane, sezvazvinofanira kunzwisiswa, kuti kudzidza kwezvisaririra zvayo, zvakare, kwakaoma zvakanyanya. Kuti ndiye octopus Imhuka yakapfava isina marangwanda. Mukuwedzera, ivo vagara vaine maitiro avo akafanana emaoko masere, moyo mitatu uye huropi hupfumbamwe.

Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakapa ruzivo kana kuwanikwa kuti maoctopus anoshandisa evolutionary system isina kufanira kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvakawanda zvakadzidzwa. Nenzira iyi, zvinozivikanwa kuti misiyano ine kugona uye simba rekubatsira pakutanga kwekusikwa kwemamorekuru kunoitika muDNA. Kuti vapfuure kuRNA, kwavanoshandurwa kuita izvo zvinonzi, shanduko mumapuroteni.

Asi zvinozoitika kuti tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti chinhu chimwe chete hachiitike muma octopus, kana kuti kwete chaizvo. Nekuti ivo vane hunhu hwekushandura mapuroteni avo pasina kushandura DNA. Iko vaongorori vayo vakapa zita kune maitiro akaitwa "RNA editing". Kuverengerwa zvisingaite uye zvinoshamisa.

Octopus Habitat

Izvi Mhuka dzine chepfu dzinogara mumakungwa ose apasi, ndiko kuti, mvura yose ine munyu. Kuve nenzvimbo inosarudzika kana nzvimbo yekuvanda yakanaka, macoral reef. Kunyange zvazvo inogona kurarama zvakakwana mumvura inotonhora, iyo inomira pakusarudza ndiyo inodziya. Zvemamiriro ekunze anopisa pamwe chete nemamiriro ekunze anodziya.

Ese mabhenefiti aya ane chekuita nekugadziriswa ndizvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kutariswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemugungwa dzepasi. Zvakakosha kutaura izvozvo maoctopus iyo inochengetwa mumvura inotonhora ine hunhu hwekugadzira hukuru hukuru. Pamusoro peavo vanoda mvura inodziya.

Kazhinji, iyo inonzi "Common Octopus" inochengetwa mumadziva emvura, akaumbwa pakati pematombo ari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Iyo "Great Blue Octopus" inokura zvakanyanya mumakorari. Iyo "Argonauts", kune yavo chikamu mumvura yepelagic kana piélago. Ndiyo mbiru yemvura yegungwa isiri pamusoro pesherufu yekondinendi.

Iyo "Abdopus Aculeatus" inogara muzvigaro zvinonzi seagrass mibhedha, inogarwa nezvirimwa, padyo nemahombekombe. Kana vari avo vanogara mumvura inotonhora, kune "Bathypolypus Arcticus", inogara munzvimbo dzakadzika dzakadzika dzemakungwa nemakungwa (1.000 metres), dzinonzi mapani abyssal.

Asi iyi inopfuudzwa ne "Vulcanoctopus Hydrothermalis", iyo inogara iri padyo ne hydrothermal vents pakadzika inosvika zviuru zviviri zvemamita. Kune rumwe rutivi, suborder ye cephalopod molluscs, inonzi "Cirrinos", inowanikwa mumvura yose yakadzika.

Octopus Hunhu

Pakati pezvakakodzera octopus maitiro pane zvinotevera:

• Iwo hurongwa hwe omnivorous molluscs.
• Havana skeleton yemukati nekunze, saka vakapfava.
• Vane matende masere, rimwe nerimwe riine mitsara miviri yezviyamwa zvinonamira zvachose.
• Inowanikwa mumakungwa ese epasi.
• Saizi yaro inoshanduka zvichienderana nerudzi uye kuti inowanikwa mumvura inodziya kana inotonhora.
• Iine mapeya maviri ematumbu emate, imwe yacho ine chepfu.
• Mumusoro make mune uropi, moyo mitatu uye maziso maviri.
• Mwoyo miviri inotakura ropa kuenda kumagill, nepo imwe inotakura ropa kuenda kumuviri.
• Meso avo anosiyanisa zvose mifananidzo uye mavara.
• Havana kunzwa zvachose.
• Ganda ravo rine masero e<em>pigmentation anonzi ma<em>chromatophores ari mudermis, achivapa kukwanisa kutevedzera, kuri kushandura ruvara rwavo nokufanana neremhoteredzo. Iyo inozvivharisa nayo uye haipedzisi kubatwa nezvikara zvayo, nguva dzese.
• Tendekeri dzayo sere, rimwe nerimwe rine uropi, rinobatana nehombe iri mumusoro wayo. Apo mukuwirirana vanotungamirira uye kutonga mafambiro nezviito.
• Ropa riri mumuviri wako rine ruvara rwebhuruu, izvo zvinokonzerwa nemorekuru riripo rinonzi hemocyanin. Basa rekuita kutakurwa kweokisijeni kuburikidza neropa.
• Kufamba kwaro kunoitwa mushure mekudzinga nechisimba mvura inotora kuburikidza neorifice yesiphon yayo.
• Mujasi rayo mune viscera, kunze kwegland iyo inokonzera kugadzira inki.
• Vanonyara, nokuti vanoda kuvanzwa uye vanogara vasingaonekwi.
• Kurangarira kwayo uye kugona kwayo kupindura kunokatyamadza, ichinyorwa seyakanyanya kungwara pane invertebrates.

Octopus Zvikamu

Nezve iyo octopus zvikamu, iwe unofanirwa kune muviri weizvi octopod mhuka. Inopihwa neanotevera matunhu matatu, akatemerwa uye chaiwo, ayo ari:

• Mantle: Iyo jasi ye octopus inoumbwa nenhengo dzayo dzose, ichiziva ipapo kuti gill inobatanidzwawo mairi. Nokuti chii chakasimbiswa, chinova chimwe chezvi mhuka dzinofema nemumagill. Inoumbwa zvakare nenhengo dzekuberekesa, gumbo rekudya uye inki sac.
• Extremities: Iwo anoumbwa nematende masere, umo rimwe nerimwe rinopihwa mitsara miviri yeanoyamwa zvachose anonamira nawo kwainoda. Pamwe chete nekuibvumira kubata mhuka yayo isati yadya. Iwo matende ane hunhu hwekubata kana kudoma chinongedzo nemusoro, uropi, moyo mitatu, muromo nemeso.
• Musoro: Musoro weiyo octopus inomiririra iyo yakanyanya voluminous chikamu chemuviri wayo. Mukati mayo mune uropi nemwoyo mitatu uye kunze munogona kuona maziso nemuromo, umo mune muromo une nyanga wakasimba zvikuru.

Zvikamu Zvakagoverwa muMatunhu Matatu

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Mwoyo: Kune matatu akazara, ari mukati memusoro wako. Vaviri vacho vanotakura ropa vachienda naro kunhengo dzomuviri, nepo mumwe wacho achienda naro kumutumbi wose.
• pfungwa: Octopus ine huropi hupfumbamwe, uko masere akagoverwa, imwe neimwe mutende uye yekupedzisira mumusoro. Kuti ndiyo huru, yehukuru hukuru uye kubva kune iyo mirairo inotanga kubuda iyo gare gare, maererano nevasere, inokwanisa kuita zviito zvavo.
• Maziso: Izvi zvinowanikwa mumusoro, zvine kukura kwakanyanya kunovabvumira kugadzira mifananidzo, pamwe nekusiyana kana kusarura mavara.

• Salivary glands: Ava vaviri, vachiwirirana, imwe yacho ine chepfu.
• muromo une nyanga Iyi iri pamusuwo weiyo iyo yemuromo wake, iyo ine simba rinoshamisa.
• gills: Mune octopus, gills chikamu chakaoma kuona, apo mvura inopfuura nepakati pavo, ichibatsira mukufema.
• Siphon: Ichi chikamu ndicho chinobvumira octopus kuburitsa, kudzinga, fan kana kukanda mvura yainotora mukati, nokudaro kukwanisa kuita kufamba kwayo kumberi.
• Viscera: Iwo ari munzvimbo yedorsal yemuviri wayo, padyo nenzvimbo iyo iyo inki inoburitsa inochengetwa kana kuunganidzwa.
• Ink bag: Iyi ndiyo chikamu chinochengeterwa ingi.
• Ganda: Ganda rinoreva chifukidziro chese kana chifukidziro chinogara uye chinodzivirira muviri wako, umo masero epigmentation anonzi chromatophores anowanikwa. Izvo zvinovapa bhenefiti yekuchinja ruvara rwavo nekuchienderana nemhoteredzo, vachikwanisa kuzvivharira kubva kune zvikara mumamiriro akasiyana ane njodzi.

Anatomy uye Physiology yeOctopus

Nezve anatomy uye physiology ye octopus, zvinotevera zvinotariswa:

Size

Mhando huru dzakarekodhwa mu octopus Ndiyo inonzi "giant octopus" (Enteroctopus dofleini), apo mufananidzo wechirume unowanzosvika huremu hwemakirogiramu gumi nemashanu. Kunyoresa mamwe matende anosvika 15 kusvika ku4 metres pakureba. Huchokwadi hweiyi octopod inorema 5 kilograms yakaratidzwa kuburikidza nezviito zvesainzi.

Kune rumwe rutivi, une chigaro chinoshamisa chemhuka ine matende 9 mamita kureba uye huremu hwose hwe 272 kilograms. Kupesana nerekodhi iyi imhando diki pane ese, inova "Octopus wolfi", ine dimension inotangira pa 2,5 centimita uye inorema isingasviki 1 gramu.

External Morphology

Nezve maitiro ayo ekunze, iyo octopus Ine muviri wakapfava, ine musoro muhombe, wakakura zvakanaka. Meso avo ane hukuru hwakati, anonyatsosiyanisa, achikwanisa kuziva zvose mifananidzo uye mavara. Kunaka ikoko kunopiwa nenyaya yekuti maziso avo ane lenzi uye iris inodzora kupinda kwechiedza. Saka kutora kwavo kwekuona kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.

Matende ayo masere akashongedzerwa nemitsara miviri yezviyamwa zvinonamira imwe neimwe. Zvimwechetezvo, zvinosangana pazasi pemusoro wake, apo muromo wake wakashongedzerwa nemuromo wakasimba kwazvo wenyanga. Mujasi mune viscera, pamwe neingi dhipoziti inoshandiswa sekudzivirira, kutiza kubva kune zvikara.

Iine siphon inoibvumira kudzinga mvura nesimba guru uye nokudaro kuita kutama kwayo. Iyi siphon ine peculiarity yekuchinja nzira saka ichapa kona yayo nekuremekedza kwainoda kufamba. Muganda rayo mune masero epigmentation anonzi chromatophores, ayo anobvumira kuti ienderane nenharaunda yayo. Kusandura ruvara uye magadzirirwo, inova ndiyo yakakosha nzira yekuvharisa kurwisa vavengi vayo.

Kufema

Zvinoenderana ne mhando dzekufema kwemhuka, octopus inofanirwa kuita zvakafanana, kufema kwegill. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupinza mvura kuburikidza negomba rejasi kuburikidza negomba. Inobva yafambiswa ichienda kumagill kusvika yazokandwa kunze, ichiiburitsa kuburikidza nesiphon.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti inofema chete pavanenge vachishambira, nokuti kana "vachifamba pasi", hazviiti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanongozviwana kuburikidza nekutora mvura inopinda kuburikidza nekuvhura kwejasi, yakapfuma muokisijeni, kusvika yapedza maitiro. Saka kufema kwako kwakabatana uye kunogadziriswa kune kufamba.

Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti iyo nzira iyo gomba rejasi rinozarura, kufanana nesiphon, inoshanda sevhavha. Painovhura kuti mvura ipinde, inovhara nekukasika ichidzivirira kuti isadzoke uye ndipo painotungamirirwa kumagill. Apo, pane zvinopesana, ichabuda kuburikidza nesiphon, inozarura, mvura inobuda uye inovhara kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura kuburikidza nenzvimbo ino.

Yese iyi michina inoitwa nemamhasuru ejasi, apo ivo vanonyanya kubvumirana. Hukuru huchave hwekukurudzira kunotorwa pakubuda uyezve okisijeni yakawanda ichawanikwa. Izvo zvinogadzira kufamba kwemuviri wako kune rimwe divi.

Circulatory system

Octopus ndiyo yega mhuka ine moyo mitatu, apo sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, mwoyo miviri ine basa rekutyaira ropa kune gills. Izvi zvinopinda zvisina okisijeni uye painobuda inopihwa mweya weokisijeni kuburikidza nekuita kwemoyo wechitatu kumuviri wese. Izvi zvinoita kuti vagare vakaneta pavanenge vachituhwina, saka vanowanzoonekwa vachifamba nechepasi pegungwa.

Ropa rake rine bhuruu uye nekuda kwehemocyanin iyo ine, iyo inobvumira kutakura kweokisijeni, iyo inosanganisira mhangura. Izvo zvinopesana ndezvechokwadi kune hemoglobin, iyo inosanganisira iron. Nokuda kwayo, pasina hemocyanin, zvaisazobvira kutakura okisijeni muropa pakudziya kwakaderera kana kuti payakaganhurirwa mukuiwana.

Kugaya chirongwa

Usati wagadzira kuti zvinoitwa sei, zvinodikanwa kujekesa kuti radula inhengo ine mamhasuru ane simba anoita kuti zvive nyore kuti ibude mumuromo. Kuve maitiro ayo ekuita akafanana neayo echinhu chinoshandiswa kukwenya.

The process of the digestive system ine matangiro ayo mumukasi unoburitsa nekudzinga octopus nematete ako. Iyo inonyorovesa iyo radula, ichiita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza zvikamu zvekupinzwa. Kutevera izvi, kunouya nzira kuburikidza nesophagus kuenda kudumbu uko matumbu ekugaya ari muchiropa anoburitswa.

Panguva ino, kutamiswa kwemucous mass umo chikafu chinodyiwa chinowanikwa, chinonzi prostyle, chinodzivirirwa nenhamba ye cilia. Uko huremu uhwu hunopinda mumigodhi yegomba rekugaya, uyezve inoburitsa tsvina muura.

Excretion

Nhengo dzinobuda kunze dzine octopus iitsvo dzerudzi rwe "tubular metanephridia", inonzi "Bojanus organ". Aya ndiwo maviri chaiwo, uye zvakakosha kutaura kuti mune metanephridia kune, zvakare, maviri kana anopfuura emukati emvura makamuri. Iyo yakajairwa metanephridium inobatanidzwa kuburikidza neimwe yemigumo yayo kune pericardial cavity.

Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakasara zvakasungirirwa kunze nenzira ye "nephridiopore". Inova saga rebofu rinoburitsa tsvina kuburikidza neinonzi "excretory pores", yakanyudzwa mumhango yejasi.

Kutya system

Nezve hurongwa hwake hwetsinga, the octopus Iine 500 mamiriyoni neuroni. Iyi mari inogona kufananidzwa, semuenzaniso, neavo varipo mumbwa, ayo ari 530 miriyoni neuroni. Zvakare neaya anowanikwa mukatsi, ayo anowedzera kusvika 250 miriyoni neuroni. Saka kune zvakawanda zvakakwana zve octopus.

Ipo, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveizvi zvinowanikwa muuropi, nepo chikamu chasara chinoumba hwaro hwematende masere. Izvi zvinoreva kuti imwe neimwe yematende ine budiriro yakazvimiririra.

Senses

Ikoku kune nenzira yakatanhamara iyo yechiono, iyo yakakudziridzwa zvikuru, zvokuti vanogona kusiyanisa mifananidzo namavara. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nelens, iyo inogonawo kugadzirisa kupinda kwechiedza kuburikidza neiris yainayo. Nemhaka yokuti matsi zvachose, vanodziviswa kushandisa matauriro avo.

Mumatende ayo, iwo anoyamwa anoshanda kunzwa manzwiro ese uye anonamatira, ndiko kuti, inoumba pfungwa yekubata, pamwe neiyo yekuravira. Nekuti kuburikidza neizvi, inoziva kana chikafu chiri pakuda kwacho, nekuona kunaka kwayo, nekuda kwechemoreceptors yainayo.

Kunzwa kwayo kunhuwa kuri kumagumo ematende ayo, ari masensor ayo anobata nayo kunhuwa kwese. Zvose kubva pakudya kwayo uye kubva kune vavengi vayo, nokudaro kuziva, nekuwana mutswe, kana kuti inogona kuvanza nekuunza tende pedyo nekutora hwema.

ink saga

In the Taxonomic classification yemhuka, kunyanya mune yakaitwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, kutaurwa kunoitwa neiyo suborder ye octopus. Kwakanzi imwe yevaviri vanoigadzira i "cirrinos", zvakanaka, iyi ndiyo yega isina saga reinki. Iyo inozadzwa ne secretion inogadzirwa neingi gland inowanikwa pazasi pegomba rekudya.

Iyi inki gland yakafanana neye rectal, inova inki gland mushure mekugadziriswa. Uyezve, nzvimbo iyi iyo inki inochengetwa iri pedyo nesiphon. Saka paanokanda rukova rwemvura pedyo neingi, inovhengana zvokuti inoumba segore rakamupoteredza. Pigment yayo huru inonzi melanin, inova ndiyo inoipa ruvara rwayo rwutema.

Octopus Hupenyu Kutenderera

Hupenyu kutenderera kwe maoctopus inoumbwa nekubereka uye hurefu hwehupenyu hwayo, iyo yatinofanira:

Kuberekerwa

Idzi mhuka dzeoctopod dzine kuberekana kwepabonde kwakakwana, umo murume anosuma nhengo yake yekubereka kumukadzi. Inova iyo inoonekwa setende rechitatu rekurudyi. Izvi zvinonzi nesainzi "hectocotylus". Kukwanisa kupinda mumukadzi kuburikidza ne cloaca ma spermatophores akawanda anozomuberekesa.

Kana chiitiko chacho chapera, hadzi inoenda kubako rayo kwainoisa mazai anosvika 150.000 (anoonekwa semasumbu) padenga rebako. Mushure menguva inotenderera mazuva makumi matatu, dzichachechenya uye vana vadzo vachazvarwa. Kazhinji amai octopus vanofa nenzara nekuti vanoshingirira kusvika vavaona vachichochonya vasingafambi mubako. Inovadzivirira chete uye inopa oxygenates nharaunda.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti maoctopus ari semelparous, zvinoreva kuti ivo vanongoita chiitiko chekubereka mukati menguva yavo yehupenyu.

Makore ekurarama

Idzi mhando dzemhuka dzemugungwa dzisingaite mhuka dzine hupenyu hupfupi chaizvo. Izvo maererano nemhando dzinotangira kubva kumwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumakore mashanu. Uko mukono unokwanisa kugara mwedzi mishoma wapedza kubereka hadzi. Nepo hadzi, mushure mekuita zvepabonde, inofa panguva iyo vana vayo vanozvarwa. Izvo zvinenge mwedzi gare gare.

Octopus, Predator uye Prey

Sezvakangoita octopus Icho chikara chakanakisa chemugungwa, ichiri mhuka yemhuka dzakadai seeels, moray eels uye kunyange shark. Nokudaro, anofanira kushandisa njere dzake dzose, unyanzvi uye kunyange mazano, kuti abve pamberi peava vavengi.

Nekudaro, vamwe vanova chikafu chavo, mushure mekuva chikara. Kuti nehungwaru hwayo hunokwanisa uye hunyoro hunobata mhuka huru dzakaita sema otter, ma dolphin kana zvisimbiso, kusvika dzadya zvachose.

Zvido zveOctopus

Pakati pezvakanakisa zvekuda kuziva ndezvi:

• Ivo vanonzwa hwema kuburikidza nemasensor ari kumagumo ematende avo.
• Mhando dzayo dzose dzine chepfu.
• Vane moyo mitatu.
• Huropi hupfumbamwe hunoraira hupenyu hwako nezviito.
• Iwo ane oviparous uye hadzi inokandira mazai anosvika 150.000 XNUMX.
• Vane muromo une nyanga.
• Ndiyo ine hungwaru kudarika mhuka dzisina mutsipa.
• Ropa rake ibhuruu.
• Vanogona kufamba, pamwe nekubatirira kune chero chinhu uye zvechokwadi kushambira.
• Kuchinja kwavo kunovabvumira kuenda chero kupi.

• Matende ayo anogona kuvandudzwa.
• Vane 500 mamiriyoni neuroni.
• Vanongosangana nechiitiko chimwe chekubereka mukati mehupenyu hwavo uye mushure mekufa kwavo.
• Kudzivirirwa kwako kwakanakisa ndeye camouflage.
• Iye mutevedzeri mukuru.
• Inogara mumakungwa ose epasi.

Octopus Kudyisa

Pakati pehunhu hwayo, zvinodikanwa kuti maoctopods aya Omnivorous mhuka, ndiko kuti, kudya kwavo kunobva pahove, crustaceans (lobster, crabs, shrimp), molluscs (mussels, cockles, clams) uye gungwa regungwa.

Nekudaro, ivo vanewo nzvimbo yekudya zvinoitika kwavari kana vasina kuwana zvavanoda. Nzira yadzinomedza nayo nyama yadzinenge yabata ndeyekuitsemura nepakati, nesimba reshaya dzadzo dzine simba, nokushandisa muromo wadzo une nyanga. Kwaaizowana izvi, akambomusiya asingafambe nekumubaya jekiseni nemuchetura wake.

Iyo Octopus muGastronomic Art

Gastronomically, inoonekwa sechinhu chinonaka chechokwadi, icho chakangokwana kune avo vanonyatso kugona kubika. Nepo kune vamwe kubika kwayo kuri nyore, kune vamwe kunotyisa. Nekuti kubva pane imwe nguva kuenda pane imwe, nyama yayo inoomesa nekatsika kekutsenga uye yakaoma kwazvo kutsenga.

Inokurudzirwa kuti icheneswe pasi pepombi isati yabikwa uye kuti poto ichashandiswa ive hombe. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti nyama yaro inonyanya kupfuma mu selenium, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus uye vhitamini B. Pamwe chete neizvi, mukana wekuva chikafu chepasi-calori, chinovaka muviri zvikuru, chinonaka uye chinodiwa nevakawanda.