Quercetin (3,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) ndechimwe chechipiri metabolites inowanikwa zvakanyanya muumambo hwezvirimwa. Iyo flavonoid quercetin inonzi polyphenol inoumbwa nemhete nhatu dzebenzene uye mapoka mashanu ehydroxyl.
Quercetin yakatanga kuparadzaniswa uye yakazivikanwa naSzent-Gyorgyi mugore re 1936. Mushonga wemakemikari wequercetin ndeyeC15H10O7. Chimiro chine flavonic core inoumbwa neviri benzene zvindori uye inobatanidzwa neheterocyclic pyronic ring; iri aglycone
Iyi flavonoid inozivikanwa ine antioxidant properties uye ine basa rekudzivirira kubva pakukwegura. Kunyange zvazvo iri aglycone uye isingabatanidzi makhahydrates moieties, inowanikwa mune zvakasikwa mune zvose zviri zviviri zvakasununguka uye conjugated state. Semuenzaniso, inowanikwa muchimiro che glycoside muchikafu. Pakunwa, glycoside inonzi hydrolyzed kusunungura aglycone, iyo inobatwa uye inogadziriswa kune mamwe glucuronidated, sulfated, uye methylated mafomu.
Properties physicochemical properties
Izwi rokuti "quercetum" ishoko rechiLatin rinoreva quercetin, iro zvinoreva musanganiswa weruvara rweyero. Mushonga uyu musanganiswa unovava crystalline. Zviri nyore kunyungudika mu lipid uye doro, isinganyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye isina kunyungudika mumvura inopisa.
Muzvisikwa inogadzirwa kunyanya kuburikidza nephenylpropanoid nzira, iyo ine amino acid phenylalanine semugadziri wayo. Matanho ekutanga anosanganisira synthesis ye cinnamic acid kuburikidza ne phenylalanine. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase inoita basa rakakosha mukukonzeresa maitiro. Quercetin inokwanisa kupa maatomu ayo ehydrogen uye kumisa basa reiyo reactive oxygen marudzi. Iyo inopindirana zvakananga neiyo intracellular siginecha nzira dzinokonzeresa antioxidant basa. Zvakati wandei mu vivo zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti quercetin ine kugona kuvharidzira xanthine oxidase nekudzikira mahara radical kuumbwa uye nekudaro inoonekwa seyaigona antioxidant. Muchokwadi, ma polyphenols akadai sequercetin anotozivikanwa nebasa rawo mukati chengetedza sero kubva kune oxidative kusagadzikana.
Mukuwedzera, quercetin ine lipophilic muzvisikwa, saka inoyambuka zviri nyore ropa-brain barrier uye ine neuroprotective chiitiko. Inotamba basa rekudzivirira kurwisa neurodegeneration. Iyo morekuru inozivikanwa kudzikisa mazinga eglucose eropa uye kuchengetedza β cell kushanda mumakonzo eshuga nemakonzo. Inoratidza maitiro akanaka pakurapa uye kudzivirira chirwere cheshuga. Zvakati wandei mu vitro uye mu vivo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti quercetin ine anticancer chiitiko uye inogona kushandiswa semushonga wakavimbika mukurapa cancer. Quercetin ine basa rakakosha kuita semorekuru rinopesana nekuzvimba.
Ndokuiwanepi muchikafu
Mhuri dzekudyara dzakadai Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Passifloraceae uye Rhamnaceae Ivo vakapfuma mune quercetin content. Quercetin inonyanya kuwanikwa muhuwandu hwakawanda mumichero yakasiyana-siyana nemiriwo, kusanganisira maapuro, majiroji, cherries, red lettuce, hanyanisi, asparagus uye muzvishoma mu bell mhiripiri, broccoli, pizi uye matomatisi. Iyo inozivikanwawo kuvapo mumichero yecitrus, mbeu uye nzungu, uye mazambiringa matsvuku. Hanyanisi ine huwandu hwepamusoro hwe quercetin. Quercetin inozivikanwawo kuvepo mumishonga yakadai sedhiri, mamwe marudzi etii, newaini. Mumiti inowanikwawo mu Gingko, American elderberry uye Hypericum. Iyo glycoside fomu yequercetin inosanganisira hyperoside, rutin, uye isoquercetrin. Glycosidases inokonzera kutyora glycosidic zvisungo mushure mekudya nemuromo.
Iyo pharmacokinetics yequercetin
Mushure mekudya, quercetin inogona kusanganiswa nemapuroteni emate kuita soluble protein-quercetin binary aggregates. Pakusvika mudumbu mudiki, quercetin inobviswa deglycosylated nelactate phlorizin hydrolase. Quercetin inogona kunyudzwa mumasero epithelial kuburikidza nekupararira lipophilicity zvinoenderana. Asati apinda muhurongwa hwekutenderera, yakawanda yequercetin inoshandurwa kuita conjugated metabolites. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti intestinal microbiota inotora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweglycosidases uye ma enzymes anoshandura quercetin kuita mamorekuru anotorwa nyore nyore.
Inenge 60% kusvika 81% yequercetin inotakurwa kuenda kuchiropa kuburikidza ne epithelium, iyo inogadziriswa uye inoshandurwa kuita bioavailable fomu. Yakawanda yequercetin uye metabolites yayo inobudiswa kuburikidza nematumbo, asi zvishoma zvishoma zvinobudiswa neitsvo mumuguta. Kubviswa kwequercetin kubva mumuviri kunokurumidza uye kunofungidzirwa kuve neropa pfupi hafu yeupenyu.
Pazasi ini ndinotsanangura zvakasiyana siyana zvequercetin uye maitiro ayo ekuita:
Properties uye nzira yekuita
- anti-immune mali: inowedzera kutaura kweIFN-γ masero (ne IFN tinoreva interferon) uye inoderedza maitiro akanaka emagetsi e-IL-4 (ne IL tinoreva interleukin);
- anti-cancer zvinhu: induces extrinsic uye intrinsic nzira dzeapoptosis, autophagy, uye inosunga sero kutenderera;
- antioxidants: inogadzirisa chiyero cheGSH (GSH inomirira glutathione); inoderedza chiyero cheMDA (MDA inomirira malondialdehyde, imwe yemagumo ekupedzisira e polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation mumasero) uye inogadzirisa basa reSOD (SOD = superoxide dismutase). Quercetin ndiyo yemahara radical scavenger;
- antihypertensive: inoderedza kuoma kwehutano hwehutachiwana nekuderedza mazinga e nitric oxide, TNF-α (TNF inomirira tumor necrosis factor), uye IL-6;
- antidiabetic: Quercetin inoderedza kuwanda kwemazinga eglucose eropa, inochengetedza islet cell basa, nhamba yemasero β mumakonzo ane chirwere cheshuga.
- neurodegenerative: Inoderedza kukuvadzwa neuronal oxidative uye neuroinflammation uye inoratidza antidementia uye neuroprotective mhedzisiro.
Antioxidant zvivakwa
Nekuda kweiyo phenolic hydroxyl boka uye kuvapo kwekaviri chisungo, quercetin ine inogona kuita antioxidant zviitiko. Iyo antioxidant properties ye quercetin yakabatana nayo kudzivirira uye kurapwa kenza uye chirwere chemwoyo. Iro hydroxyl boka muchimiro chequercetin rinoshanda semahara radical scavenger. Iro hydroxyl boka remorekuru rinoita kuti mahara radicals ishande nekupa inoshanda haidrojeni uku ichidzivirira oxidation yeunsaturated fatty acids.
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemakemikari, quercetin ine simba rekutsvaira akasiyana siyana emahara radicals anosanganisira hydrogen peroxide, superoxide uye hydroxyl radicals. Boka rekatechol riripo mumhete B neboka reOH riripo pachinhanho 3 chemhete A rinobatsira kune antioxidant pfuma yequercetin.
Quercetin inochengetedza oxidative chiyero uye saka ine simba antioxidant. Inogadzirisa huwandu hweGSH mumuviri. Izvo hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana quercetin inogadzirisa DNA kana kuti inodzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa kweiyo oxidative. Iyo antioxidant effect yequercetin-DNA yakawanikwa yakakura kudarika iyo yequercetin chete.
Zvivakwa zvinopesana nemoyo wemoyo kusagadzikana
Quercetin inonyanya kuzivikanwa flavonoid iyo, kana iripo mukutenderera, inovandudza hutano hwevascular uye kana iripo mune conjugated fomu, inoderedza kuitika kwehutano hwemwoyo. Quercetin uye zvimwe zvinobva kwayo kudzivirira kugwamba kweropa uye kuderedza kuitika kwesitiroko, kunze kwekuve ne antioxidant chiito uye saka chengetedza muviri kubva kune oxidative kusagadzikana. Iyo inozivikanwa kupesvedzera kugadzikana uye fluidity ye lipid bilayer uye inokanganisa basa reATP-inotsamira protein transporter.
Izvo zvinewo mhedzisiro antihypertensive uye vasodilators iyo inobvisa tsinga, zvichiratidza kutenderera kuri nani. Kurapa kwayo kunodzora shuga yeropa uye lipid mazinga panguva yekutsanya, inoderedza huwandu hwemafuta ekuisa muchiropa, inoderedza kuomarara kwerenal fibrosis, uye inoita basa rakakosha muAMPK-inotsamira autophagy process. Mbeva dzakafuta padzakadyiswa nequercetin dzakakonzera kuonda uye kuderedza plasma triglyceride level uye cholesterol level nekudaro zvakavandudza metabolic mamiriro. Mishumo inoratidza kubatanidzwazve kwewhite adipocytes kuita brown adipocytes.
Izvi zvine nzira yekudzivirira kubva kune osteoporosis, kusagadzikana kwemapapu uye zvakare venous zvirwere.
antiviral properties
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti quercetin, nekuda kwayo antiviral zvivakwa, inhibits polymerase, reverse transcriptase, protease, DNA gyrase basa uye inosunga kune viral capsid proteins.
In the chidzidzo chakabudiswa mu pubmed pano, quercetin inotamba zvose zvinodzivirira uye zvinobatsira zvakare kurwisa SARS-Covid, nekuda kwekugona kwayo kunopesana nekuputika, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa. Muchokwadi, panguva yedenda idzva reCoronavirus, quercetin yakwezva zvakare kutarisisa kwevaongorori vakati wandei sezvo zvikamu zvayo zvichiita senge inhibitors yehutachiona pachayo.
Ongororo yepasi rese umo boka revatsvagiri kubva kuNanotechnology Institute yeNational Research Council, iyo Cnr-Nanotec yeCosenza, yakatora chikamu inoratidza kuti quercetin inoshanda seyakajeka inhibitor yeSARS CoV-2. Quercetin, maererano neongororo iyi, inoita kunge ine chekuita nekudzikamisa pa3CLpro, imwe yemapuroteni akakosha ekudzokorodza kwehutachiona, ichideredza kuita kwayo enzymatic. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekukanganisa kudzokororwa kwehutachiona uye kuderedza kunamatira kwesero kune muenzi, zvinoita kunge zvine antiviral chiito.
Chiito chekurwisa zvirwere zve autoimmune
Quercetin inonzi inoshanda simba rinopesana nekuputika, kunyanya kuburikidza nekudziviswa kwekugadzirwa kwe cytokine, kuderedzwa kwe cyclooxygenase uye lipoxygenase kutaura, uye kuchengetedza mast cell kugadzikana.
Iyo yakanakisa antioxidant basa requercetin rinoitwa kunyanya kuburikidza nemhedzisiro yayo pane glutathione chiitiko, enzymes, uye reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS) uye nekugadzirisa nzira dzekushandura zviratidzo, zvakadai seheme-related factor 1 / nuclear erythroid oxygenase 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase, toll-like receptor 4 / phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase uye adenosine monophosphate 5'-activated protein kinase.
Quercetin inogona kuderedza yakakwirira-yakakosha iron, iyo inhibit lipid oxidation uye inodzima ROS, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira kuzvimba uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvinoenderana. Kalantari et al. yakashuma kuti quercetin yakanyanya kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwechiropa mumakonzo nekudzvinyirira mahara radicals uye kusimudzira mazinga e antioxidant enzymes, kusanganisira glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, uye catalase. Pakupedzisira, quercetin yakanzi ine neuroprotective mhedzisiro uye antitumor chiitiko.
Zvivakwa pane metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) yakaoma yezvirwere zvinotungamirira kurufu nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwematambudziko emwoyo. Quercetin, seyakakosha flavonoid, ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sokuderedza BP, antihyperlipidemia, antihyperglycemia, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, uye cardioprotective.. Muchinyorwa chekuongorora ichi (HERE), zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvakaunganidzwa kubva kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, uye Pubmed, inobatanidza mhedzisiro ye quercetin pakuvandudzwa kwezviratidzo zveMetS, kusanganisira yakakwira glucose, hyperlipidemia, kufutisa, uye BP.
Kubva pane idzi data, quercetin inogonawo kuita basa mukurapa kwehutano hwemagetsi kuburikidza nemaitiro akawanda, akadai sekuwedzera adiponectin, yakaderera leptin, antioxidant basa, kuderedza insulin kushorwa, kuwedzera kwe insulin level uye kuvharwa kwe calcium channels.
Inofanira kutorwa rini uye sei?
Nguva yekutora Quercetin? muzviitiko zve:
- Hypoimmunity.
- Seasonal viral denda zvirwere.
- Dzihwa
- Sinusitis.
- Mahara radicals.
- Fragile capillary.
Synergistic Kudyidzana: Sei Zvirinani
Chiito chinobatsira chequercetin chinogona kukwidziridzwa ne:
Vitamine C uye D
Kubatana nevhitamini C kwaizoratidzika wedzera Quercetin bioavailability, kukanganisa kupinda, kudzokorora uye enzymatic basa rehutachiona uye panguva imwechete kutsigira nekusimbisa maitiro ekudzivirira. Iyo yakasanganiswa manejimendi yeQuercetin uye vhitamini C inzira yekuyedza yekudzivirira uye kurapwa kweakasiyana mavhairasi ekufema. Vitamin D inobatsira zvikuru mukudzivirira uye kurapwa kwepamusoro kufema turakiti zvirwere, pamwe chete nefuruwenza.. Isu tinoziva kuti inokwanisa kutsigira immune system uye nekudaro ichiita kuti inyatso kurwisa hutachiona. Uye zvakare, zvinoita sekunge quercetin inokwanisa kuita iyo vhitamini D receptor, ndosaka vachibatana.
Zinc uye bromelain
Zinc inogona kuputsa kuzvimba uye kuderedza chisungo pakati pehutachiona uye receptor yayo; zvakare inoderedza kudzokorora kwehutachiona. Asi nokuda kwayo, zinc inoda ionophores inobvumira kupinda kukuru mumaseru: quercetin inonyatso zinc ionophore.. Saka kubatana uku kunobvumira Zinc kuti iwedzere kuita kwayo antiviral. Zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti quercetin inopindirana nebromelain pakuti inosimbisa anti-inflammatory chiitiko nekuwedzera prostaglandin kugadzirwa. Kutorwa pamwechete, ivo saka chinhu chakakosha sosi yekutsigira immune system.