Kurima gadheni itsika yakajairika inoitwa nemunhu, iri nzira yekuzorora uye yekubatana nemasikirwo ayo anobvumira kwete chete kuwana mabhenefiti ehutano asiwo kuwana michero inorimwa yega, ine hutano, isina makemikari uye mumba mavo. Chinhu chakakosha mune iyi ivhu rinoshandiswa rinobvumira kubudirira mukuwana mhando yemiti inodiwa, munyaya inotevera tichadzidza nzira yekugadzirira ivhu rebindu rinoratidza maitiro makuru ekufunga.
Magadzirirwo Emunda Kuti Uve Bindu
Ivhu rine nharaunda yepasi rinogoverwa pasirese yepasi, rinobva mukuparara uye kuchinjwa kwematombo uye masara ezvisikwa zvipenyu izvo nekufamba kwenguva zvakabatanidzwa uye zvakagadzika kusvika pakugadzira iyo crust land. Inogona kuzivikanwa senyika, ivhu kana pamusoro, imhando yenzvimbo yakapfuma mune organic matter, iyo inobvumira kutenderera kwemvura muhurongwa hwayo uye ine kuunganidza kwekudya uye zvicherwa; zvese izvi zvakabvumira kuvandudzwa kwezvipenyu zvakashanduka hupenyu pasi rose.
Imwe yemapoinzi ayo anonyanya kukosha ndeyekukura kwemarudzi ezvinomera munzvimbo yayo yepamusoro, kwaakauya kuzopa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaruva mupasi rose, achienderana nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana uye marudzi evhu, achipa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu. semiti, makwenzi, huswa, nezvimwe. Kumiririra chitubu chakakodzera muhupfumi hwenyika dzese kusvika pakuvandudza maitiro ekurima ekurimwa kwemhando dzechirimwa dzakakodzera kuti dzidyiwe nevanhu.
Zvekurima zvakamira zvakanaka kubva pakutanga kwenguva apo munhu anoita kudyara kwembeu dzekurima michero nemiriwo izvo zviri chikamu chekudya kwezuva nezuva kwevanhu. Kuti uite mabasa ekurima nemazvo, zvakakosha kufunga nezvenguva dziri pakati pekutanga kudyara nekukohwa; kuronga kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwevhu, kukura kwechirimwa uye goho rechigadzirwa. Kuburikidza neizvi, inovimbiswa kukwanisa kuwana iyo sosi nenzira yakakwana uye pasina kukuvadza pamusoro.
Nekuda kweizvi, hurongwa hwekudyara hudiki uye hunodzorwa hwakagadzirwa, hwakadai seminda yemichero, ine chinangwa chekukohwa chikafu chekudya kwevanhu. Vanomiririra masisitimu ekuwana nyore kwevanhu uye kurimwa kwemarudzi ezvirimwa anowanikwa nekukurumidza, nekuda kweichi chikonzero, iwo parizvino anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya mudzimba, mumaguta, mapurojekiti echikoro kana nekuda kwezvinangwa zvemagariro. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kufunga nezvekarenda yekudyara mhando, kuwana chigadzirwa uye kuchengetedza zvinhu zvevhu.
Nekukwenenzverwa kweminda yemichero zvinokurudzirwa kudyara mumwedzi waApril, izvi zvinodaro nekuti mwedzi waApril unoonekwa semwedzi wekuzvarwa patsva kwechisikigo, mukuwedzera kune kutanga kwechirimo, mwaka wekutumbuka kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa. . Izvi zvinomiririra chinhu chakakosha kugadzirira munda webindu, rudzi urwu rwemwaka unovabvumira kuti vakure zvakasimba uye zvakakwana nesimba. Icho chinonyanya kutsvakwa mushure mekuita zvekubika munzanga yekudya kwakananga kwekudya uye hobby.
Kugadzirira kwevhu chinhu chinokosha chekubudirira kwebindu, nokuti maitiro ayo achabvumira kukura kwembeu yakadyarwa pamusoro, midzi yekukura uye kusimbiswa kwechirimwa painosvika pakukwirira. Ivhu rine zvinovaka muviri zvezvirimwa, asi zvinofanirwa kuvimbiswa kuti hazvina kusununguka kubva kune zvinowedzera zvakadai semasora uye zvipembenene, sezvo kuvapo kweimwe kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvinogona kuparadza goho.
Matanho Ekugadzirira Nyika Yebindu
Ivhu rinomiririra chinhu chakakosha pakukura kwehupenyu papasi rose, rinobvumira kugovaniswa kwemarudzi ezvinomera pasi rose. Inobvumira kuvandudzwa kwezviitiko zvinobatana nezvisikwa uye zvakatipoteredza, zvakadai sekudyara uye kurima, maitiro ane mukurumbira kubvira kare nokuti inobvumira nharaunda yezvisikwa kuti ibatanidzwe mudzimba nemapindu uye kunyange mumafurati nedzimba duku dziri munzvimbo dzemaguta. .
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kukosha kwekugadzirira ivhu umo maitiro aya achaitwa anosimbiswa, achigadzirisa pakudyara zvakadai semapoto kana matafura ekurima; Muchiitiko chekugadzirira bindu, inochengetedzwa nenheyo imwechete inofanira kugadzirwa, tichifunga nezvemwaka umo mbeu inodyarwa. Pane zvimwe zvinokanganisa gore zvakaita sechando, mvura, kuwandisa kwemadiridziro, nezvimwe zvinokonzeresa kubudirira kwekudyara.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ivhu rinoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinovaka muviri dzinofarira chirimwa, asi sezvo ichigara ichitarisana nekuchinja kwakanyanya kwemamiriro ekunze kana kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kwenyika, inogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwayo uye kudzivirira kutenderera kwemvura nemhepo, kutora. tichifunga nezvekupfeka kwezvinovaka muviri nekuramba uchidyara. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinodikanwa kuve nekugadzirira kwakakwana kwepamusoro zvakateerana kuti uichengetedze mumamiriro akanaka uye ane hutano hwekurima kwayo. Tevere tichasimbisa nhanho nhanho yekushandiswa kwayo kwakaringana:
Ziva rudzi rweTerrain
Kusarudzwa kwevhu nenzvimbo yekuitisa kurima nekugadzirira munda wemichero, inomiririra pekutangira uye yakakosha sechimwe chiitiko chakatorwa. Chinhu chekutanga kuziva mhando dzevhu dziripo, kuzivisa kuti ndeipi inonyanya kufanira mhando yekudyara ichaitwa; kuratidza kuenzana pakati pevhu, mamiriro ekunze uye marudzi ezvirimwa. Naizvozvo, iwo makuru marudzi evhu aripo ndeaya anotevera kuratidza:
- ivhu rejecha
Iyo inoumbwa nemhando yevhu ine zvimedu zvakakura zvichienzaniswa nemamwe, iwo akashata uye akaoma, nekuda kwekusiyana kwezviyero pakati pezvikamu zvavanenge vakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvinoita kuti varege kuchengetedza mvura uye kuibvisa nekukurumidza, Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, inobvumira yakakwira oxygenation, ichipa midzi iyo kunyanya yemvura, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakodzera, kunyanya mukudziya kwekudziya, izvo zvinochengetedza mamiriro avo akanaka.
Iwo haaonekwe seakanyanya kunaka pakurima nekuda kwekusakwanisa kwawo kuchengetedza mvura, izvo zvinokonzeresa kudhonzwa kwekudya uye hurombo hweimwe ivhu. Rudzi urwu rwevhu harupi zvidyarwa mukana wekutora mukana wezvicherwa zviripo zvinobudirira, saka rinoshandiswa kune izvo zvinoramba uye rustic mhando dzisingade yakakwira zvinovaka muviri, semiti yakaita semapine, cypresses, pakati pezvimwe. vamwe.
- ivhu revhu
Imhando yevhu rinoumbwa nemhodzi dzeyellow dzakatsetseka, dzinenge 45% yevhu, chinhu chinokwanisa kuchengetedza mvura yakakwana mukuwanda kusvika pakuburitsa madziva. Dzinozivikanwa sevhu rinorema rine simba guru rekuchengeta mvura nekudaro zvakare kudya kuripo, zvichiita kuti igokwanisa kuorera.
Chimiro chemukati chemhando iyi yevhu chakanyanya kukosha, sezvo chikafu chakabatana nemaminerari evhu evhu, kunze kwekusimbisa kukwezva kwecapillary pakati pezvimedu, zvichikonzera nzvimbo diki pakati pevhu, chokwadi ichi ndicho chikonzero kuchengetwa kwayo kukuru kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri asi ichitadzisa kuyerera kwayo uye nekudaro ichikonzera kuti ive madhaka, kuungana zviri nyore uye nekukasika kuva madhaka; Zvose izvi zvinodzivisa oxygenation yevhu uye hutano hwemidzi.
Ivhu remhando iyi rinokanganiswa zvakanyanya mumwaka wekupisa kwakanyanya, sekunge munguva yechirimo, nekuda kwekuunganidza kwayo mvura, zvinotora nguva yekupisa uye zvimwe zvinomera zvinokanganiswa, muzhizha zvinogona kubikwa nyore uye kuita kuti zvitsemuka. Ivhu remhando iyi rinofanirwa nedambudziko guru mukurima gadheni asi ndidzo dzinonyanya kukurudzirwa pakudya kwadzo kwepamusoro.
Pakugadzira gadheni panofanirwa kutariswa rudzi rwevhu.Kana chimiro charo chisingazivikanwe, nzira dzakakosha sedzekubata dzinogona kushandiswa pakuongorora magadzirirwo aro.Imwe sarudzo ndeyekunyorovesa kuti uone mafambiro airi kuita. Muminda yemichero yakajairika, vanotsvaga kuwana kuenzana kwakaringana pakati pejecha nevhu revhu, sezviri pachena zvakaoma kuiwana nenzira iyi, saka inosanganiswa nevhu, perlite kana coconut fiber. Chakanakira kuwana zvakanyanya kubva pamarudzi ese evhu.
Bvisa Sora
Masora anoonekwa sechikamu chezvirimwa zvinoonekwa zvakangoitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzinodyarwa kana mhando dzezvirimwa. Inosanganisira kuunganidzwa kwemakwenzi kana kuwanda kwemasora anokura pamwe chete nemhando dzakarimwa nemunhu mumapindu, minda yekurima kana ivhu, zvichikanganisa kukura kwavo kwakajairika.
Zvakajairika kuona kuvepo kwemasora muminda yemichero pamwe chete nemhando yezvirimwa zvekufarira, usati waita chero rudzi rwebasa uye kunyangwe usati wagadzira ivhu rebindu, zvinomera zvisingadiwe zvinofanirwa kubviswa munyika yedu, nekuti Vanoba zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa zvakaita semvura, kudya uye zvicherwa kubva kumarudzi echirimwa ari kurimwa. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuve neruzivo rwakakwana kubvisa masora, izvo zvakakosha kuwana zvirimwa zvine hutano munguva inoenderana.
Zvinokurudzirwa kusashandisa makemikari kubvisa sora, izvi zvinokonzeresa kutanga kune chokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa ndezvekudyiwa kwevanhu uye zvinogona kushandura mamiriro avo akajairika. Mukuwedzera, inogona kuchinja pfuma yevhu, kugadzirisa kudya kunobatwa nemudzi. Nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeyekuibvisa nemaoko, kubvisa midzi yadzo kudzivirira kuenderera kwayo kukura uye kubereka kunokwanisika.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masora haambobviswi zvachose kubva kumapindu ezvirimwa, sezvo achisimuka kubva kune zvipenyu zviripo muvhu, kazhinji mushure mekudiridza anotanga kubuda zvakare. Zvinokurudzirwa kumirira nguva yakakodzera yekuvaburitsa kunze, kumirira nguva yavanenge vasina simba rakakwana rekubvisa mudzi wavo, vachidzika midzi mumamiriro akakodzera.
Aerate uye Fluff
Chikamu chekurapa kunofanirwa kuitirwa ivhu ndechekufunga kana ivo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kazhinji, havafanirwe kunge vakaoma, kudzivirira guruva rakawandisa kubva pakusimudzwa pavanenge vashanda kana kukonzera kuunganidzwa kwevhu rakakangwa. Kana ikanyanya kunyorova, ivhu rinoungana uye kuungana mumudziyo wainorapwa. Naizvozvo, inokurudzirwa kuita aerate uye fluff, inosanganisira kubvisa ivhu uchishandisa foshoro pasina kuitenderedza uye kushandura iyo microbiological mamiriro.
Aya mabasa maviri ane basa rekubvumira oxygenation uye kuvandudzwa kwepasi, kuita chiito ichi chinofanira kunge chakanyorova. Inokurudzirwa kuti inyatsonyorova kwemazuva akati wandei, nenzira iyi inogadzirirwa iyi aeration uye fluffing kurapwa; kushanda pasi zviri nyore uye nyore, sezvo isingapi simba, kana ikawana mavhinga evhu zvinoreva kuti inofanira kunyoroveswa zvakare.
Iyo aeration uye fluffing kurapwa inogona kuitwa nenzira dzakati wandei, iyo inonyanya kuteverwa maitiro ndeye kuchera gomba rinosvika makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri neshanu masendimita munzvimbo yekurima, chekutanga ivhu rinopedzisa rakati nzvimbo rinofanira kubviswa, Zvino, ivhu rinofanirwa kusanganiswa necompost, chinhu cheorganic chakamboiswa kune biological process inodzorwa neoxidation uye ine basa rekupfumisa ivhu nekuwedzera kudya uye zvicherwa.
Dzimwe nguva rudzi urwu rwekudzidzira runogona kupindira zvakanyanya uye kushandura zvimiro zvevhu, saka zvinofanirwa kuitwa nekushivirira kwakakwana, apo foshoro inofanira kunamirwa nehupamhi hwakafanana nehwakapfuura, zvingangoita masendimita makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu, kuwedzera, inofanira kuva Nyika inofanira kuparadzaniswa nemativi anobvumira kuti zvinhu zvose zvibudiswe nefoshoro. Kuvhiya kwese uku kuchaitwa masendimita gumi kusvika paita ivhu rakakwana pabindu remichero uye rine chimiro chinoshanda uye chinodiwa.
Ivhu rose rakapatsanurwa uye rakasanganiswa necompost rinofanira kuiswa pamusoro pebindu kana nyika yakasarudzwa apo marudzi ose emiriwo achasimwa.
Pevedzera Pasi
Iyo ivhu yakasarudzwa inofanirwa kuve nemamiriro akakodzera ekuonekwa sebindu remichero, nguva dzose iri chikamu chepamusoro apo zvirimwa zvidiki zvemiriwo nemiriwo zvinodyiwa zvakananga nemunhu zvichaitwa, saka mamiriro akanakisa anochengetedza nzira yakanaka yekudyara zvirimwa. present.
Kana ivhu rave rakasanganiswa necompost yakasarudzwa kana fetiraiza, ivhu rinogadziriswa, rinosanganisira kuzadza zvikamu zvaro zvose kusvikira yava nechiyero chakafanana uye chimiro. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechokuti ivhu rebindu rinoratidzwa nechitarisiko chakanaka uye chakanatswa, chinopa chimiro chakapfava uye chinofadza; Kana ivhu rikapindwa nemweya zvakanaka, hapana mavhinga evhu achawanikwa.Kana akawanikwa, anofanira kurudutswa panguva yaanoenzaniswa.
Fertilize uye pfumisa ivhu rebindu
Kompositi ndeye organic kana inorganic zvinhu zvine zvinovaka muviri uye zvicherwa zvinopinzwa nemiti, chinangwa chavo ndechekupfumisa ivhu ravanoisirwa, kuvandudza kunaka kwe substrate, kukurudzira kukura kwezvinomera uye kuchengetedza hunhu hwevhu. Parizvino zvakajairika kushandisa rudzi urwu rwezvinhu muminda yekurima kana minda midiki yemichero iri mudzimba.
Kunyange zvazvo ivhu raimbove rakafumiswa necompost, harimbokuvadzi kupa zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri izvo zvinozobvumira nzvimbo yepamusoro yevhu kuti ibatane nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana semvura, dutu, kudiridza zvakanyanya, kuratidzwa kwezuva, pakati pezvimwe. Kubvumira kugadzira hurongwa hwekudzivirira huchadzivirira kupinda mukati me substrate uye kuchengetedza mamiriro ayo akanaka, saka, zvinokurudzirwa kupa iyo inodiwa organic matter kuti ipfumise ivhu.
Panguva ino, zvinokurudzirwa kupa mutsva wecompost kana organic fetiraiza senge earthworm humus kana mupfudze, ichipa zvinhu zvakakwana kuitira kuti gadheni richengetedzwe mumamiriro akakodzera ekurima zvirimwa.
Zvirimwa Mubindu
Kamwe mishonga yevhu yakagadzirira uye munda wemichero wakagadzirirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, kurimwa kwemiti inodiwa inogona kutanga, ingave miriwo, maruva, miriwo, michero inonyanya kutsvakwa nenzanga nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo kwezuva nezuva. Pamusoro pezvo, chiitiko chinofadza chekuvaona vachikura nekucherechedza chibereko chebasa ravo chinotenderwa, nekudaro vachipa zvigadzirwa zvine hutano zvine zvinonaka zvechokwadi zvinorimwa neimwe neimwe.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira uye tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
Nzira yekugadzira Gadheni reChikoro