Muzvinyorwa mune inonzi prose nhetembo kuti imhando inosanganisira chikamu chezvinyorwa zvakasanganiswa nenhetembo. Kune vanoda rudzi urwu rwekunyora kweparadisical, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nechinyorwa ichi.
Nhetembo dzeChitubu: Nhanganyaya
Nhetembo dzeprose, imhando yekunyora kwakabatanidzwa, isiri ngano, kana nhetembo semazuva ese, izvo zvinovhiringa tsananguro yayo. Zvisinei, zvine mufungo, izvo zvinotanga kubatana.
Nhetembo yeprose muHomeric uye ephemeral genre yemazano emazuva ano. Chirevo ichi chitsigiso chechimiro chechinyorwa senhevedzano yemirau inotonga mafambisirwo emazwi, muukoshi hunokwanisa uye hwakakodzera, maererano nedzimwe pfungwa dzezvimiro zvakafanana uye zvinonyatso zivikanwa.
Zvingangodaro kuti nhetembo yeprose ndiyo chete nzira yemhando itsva yezvinyorwa zvehuwandu hunokosha hunogadzirwa munguva dzemazuva ano, zvinoreva, shure kana kubva neoclassical Enlightenment.
Pane hukama huri pachena uye hunoyemurika pakati penhetembo yeprose, chidimbu uye rondedzero kuburikidza nehunhu, chekutanga, inofanirwa kuzivikanwa, yemukana wenhoroondo uyezve yekufarira kwekunyora mune chimwe chinhu. Sechipiri chechipiri, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvitsva zvakadai se laconicism iyo neimwe nzira inovhiringidza vose. Tinokukumbira kuti urambe uchinakidzwa nokuverenga nokuverenga imwe nyaya inofadza inonzi Morphological Analysis
Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti pfungwa yemazuva ano yekumukira inoratidzwa zvinoyevedza nemhando dzezvinyorwa, zvinonetsa zvakazara uye zvinosiyanisa mhando nhatu idzi uye pfungwa dzakaratidzwa, uye kunyanya hunyanzvi detembo nechidimbu. Nhetembo yeprose yakakosha seshuviro kune synopsis.
Pane mavambo makuru ekuvhiringika anoita seaya:
- Madimikira emhando nemafambiro echinyorwa chemahara
- Madimikira emhando nemhando yenhetembo dzechinyakare.
- Madimikira erudzi nekuturikira kana kunyorwa kwemabhuku anoreva ngano kana yekare, iyo pamberi pemeso emuverengi, inopindira mukurangarira uye neruvara rwesimba rerwiyo rwekutaura.
- The typification yerudzi nekudzoka kunharo dzehupenyu hwemazuva ese mune epic kudura rayo.
Kutanga
Nhetembo yeprose inomuka mune idyllic prose. Iyo epic prose, inoramba iri muprose, chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera chezvinyorwa kana chisimbiso chechimiro chayo, pasina saka chine nhetembo. Unogona kufarira kuverenga Ndinoimbira Bolivar
Romanticism nhetembo uye Ossian kutenderera
Mumakore ekuma1800, murudo rwakakwana, kuenderera mberi kwechinyorwa chakanangana neaesthetics yeabsolute, aesthetics yeakakwidziridzwa kubva kune zvinoonekwa zvinhu, uye kuti zvimiro zvayo zvinopindira mukuwanda, zvekusingaperi kana kusingaperi zvinogona kufarirwa. .
Manyorerwo aya anoonekwa zvakare achikuchidzira kufarira nhetembo, sekunyanya kufanana nezvinhu izvi, mukupikisa pachena zana remakore reruzivo rakaita kuti rive mutyairi wechokwadi. Zvisineyi, chimiro chenhetembo chinova chakasununguka, kudzikira kwendima kumitemo yebhiti uye mutinhimira unodhumhana nemamwe makuriro.
François-René, Viscount Chateaubriand, mumiriri weFrance, wezvematongerwo enyika uye munyori, muvambi werudo mumabhuku echiFrench, anosarudza kutora epic in detembo prose. Vakafira kutenda muna 1809, vasati vatora njodzi mune ichiri yakaoma fomu yenhetembo.
Iko kufungidzirwa kushandurwa kweprose naJames Macpherson, anozivikanwa neheteronym yake, zvinoreva zita renhema rakatorwa nemunyori, muCeltic bard Ossián, mudetembi wekuScotland wePre-romanticism uye Fingal's epic, yakaitwa mugore ra1761 uye akaunganidza gore rimwe ipapo ne chinongedzo chevhesi nyowani muMabasa eOssian, ichave yakananga kune yekutanga pamutemo kubvuma kwehunyanzvi maererano nerudzi urwu.
Zvinoreva basa rekunyora, rine mukurumbira wakashata munyika dzese dzekuMadokero dzenguva, zvikamu zvichashandurwa kubva mumutauro wechiGerman naGoethe muWerther, riri iro basa rinofarirwa naNapoleon kana Walter Scott zvakafanana.
Maonero akazaruka enhetembo yeprose haanonoke kuiswa mukuita, zvisinei, anoramba achitsigira kududzirwa kwenhetembo dzekunze kana dzechinyakare, sezvinoitika neMalagasy Songs naÉvariste Parny (Chansons Madécasses yegore 1787, kana La Guzla de Mérimée. , kubva mugore ra1827 muchiFrench.
Zvichifambira mberi, rudzi rwacho runotsanangurwa uye rwakawanikwa: Maurice de Guérin neThe Centaur, basa rakanyorwa muna 1837 ndokuzobudiswa muna 1840, uyewo La bacchante, rakabudiswa muna 1862; kuziva mugore ra1838 Xavier Forneret, anodhinda kuunganidzwa kunonzi "Vapeurs, kana vhesi kana prose", iyo inoshandura "Vapores, kana ndima kana prose", uye gare gare Jules Lefèvre-Deumier nebasa rake remufambi "Livre du promeneur", yegore ra1854.
Aloysius Bertrand
Louis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand, anozivikanwa nounyanzvi saAloysius Bertrand, akanga ari mudetembi wechiFrench weRomanticism, uye neiyi nharo yavose muna 1842, Gaspar de la noche.
Zviri pamusoro pemhando yenziyo yekunyora kwake uye ruzivo rwekunaka kuti mabasa ake anomiririra kuratidza zvinyengeri mumutauro waRembrandt naCallot, bhuku rekupedzisira rekunyora raAloysius Bertrand, akafa gore rakapfuura rekudzoka kwechirwere chetachiona muchipatara, munguva apo vakaderedzwa chete vakafira muchipatara, uye vakakwanisa rugwaro rwekutanga rwenhetembo yeprose muFrance.
Mudetembi Aloysius Bertrand anoshandisa, anoshandisa tsamba yeGothic evocation kushuvira zviitiko zvekurota kana zvekunyepedzera mune verbiage, inosimudzira manzwiro erondedzero. Uyu munyori anotsanangurwa semuvambi chaiye werudzi, zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe dzinopa musiyano kune mudetembi akaberekerwa kuFrance Maurice de Guérin,
Baudelaire uye kusimbiswa kwevakadzi
Charles Pierre Baudelaire, mudetembi, munyori wezvinyorwa, mutongi wemifananidzo uye muturikiri wemutauro wechiFrench, kana achinge arara mukusiiwa, ndiye zvakare anoratidza basa raBertrand, hunhu hunomukurudzira nokuda kwerepertoire yake ye "Little Poems in Prose", yakakurumbira. iyo subtitle ye "Spleen muParis", zita iro iro rudzi rutsva rwakanatswa.
Mugore ra1862, akatumira tsamba kune muparidzi wake Arsène Houssaye, uye inoshandawo sesumo kubhuku mushure mekufa kwake muna 1869, mudetembi Baudelaire, anofumura kuti prose inonyanya kugona sei kana manzwiro emazuva ano achidzokororwa, kunyanya munhoroondo. guta, rinova iwo madingindira anodiwa edetembo reprose:
"Ndine confession yandinofanira kuita. Uye pandakanga ndichifamba-famba, kwenguva yemakumi maviri, iyo yakakurumbira Gaspar de la noche naAloysius Bertrand (bhuku rinozivikanwa kwauri, ini nedzimwe shamwari, haungave nekodzero yekunzi ane mukurumbira here?) iyo yakauya kwandiri pfungwa yekuyedza chimwe chinhu chakafanana, ichishandisa kutsananguro yehupenyu hwazvino, kana kuti, yehupenyu hwemazuva ano, maitiro aakashandisa pakupenda kwehupenyu hwekare, zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa.".
Mushure mekupa basa rake "Nhetembo Dze muprose", mapfupi emhando iyi akawedzera. Stéphane Mallarmé, mudetembi wechiFrench uye mutsoropodzi, anotsigira pamwe chete neIlluminations, inova muunganidzwa wenhetembo dzeprose dzakanyorwa nemudetembi wechiFrench Arthur Rimbaud; Édouard Joachim Corbière, anozivikanwa saTristan Corbière; kana zvakare Charles Cros aive French fizikisi, mudetembi uye muvambi. Kurasa rungano kuti rudzi urwu rwakavaka nzvimbo yekuitika kwedetembo remahara.
Nhetembo yeprose imhando yakaoma yekukwanisa kuziva, iyo inowanzoratidzwa serondedzero pfupi, zvisinei, inosiyana muchiito, nekutaura kwayo kwenhamba uye kuwirirana, kuendeswa kwemanzwiro ane simba, uye kunyangarika kwe hunhu chaihwo.
Zvisinei, pane nguva dzose mukana wekunyora kusinganzwisisiki, zvichiitika ndiani anofungidzira kuti Rimbaud's "A Station in Gehena" inonyanya kupomerwa kupfuura nhetembo. Muchirongwa ichi, pakupera kweyechipiri absolutism, iyo Count yeLautréamont yakavhenekerwa muna 1869 "Cantos de Maldoror", apo nhetembo dzechokwadi dzeprose dzakabatanidzwa, izvo zvese zvinoumba chinhu, zvidimbu zvebasa, zvinotsanangura zviroto uye zvinokanganisa. , yakabatanidzwa nehunhu hwaMaldoror, nhevedzano yenziyo nhanhatu dzenhetembo, basa remunyori Isidore Ducasse.
Zviratidzo
Zvakakosha kuita kuti muverengi azive maitiro akatenderedza rudzi rwechinyorwa ichi, anoti:
- Zvinhu zvimwechete zvinobuda munhetembo zvinogona kuongororwa, se: epic verbose, hunhu hwenhetembo, chinhu nenharo.
- Haina zvimiro zvepamutemo, rhythm uye copla.
- Inosiyana nenhetembo, nekuti inoratidzwa muchirevo, uye kubva mungano kana rondedzero, nekuti chinangwa chayo hachisi kunyanya kurondedzera zviitiko, asi kuratidza manzwiro, manzwiro, uye kuvhunduka.