Nhetembo dzaGuillermo Prieto dzakakunakira iwe

Pasina mubvunzo, the nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa muLatin America mabhuku. Muchikamu chino tinokuratidza biography yake, mabasa, nhetembo nezvimwe.

Nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto uye ndiani?

Guillermo Prieto munyori weMexico uye wezvematongerwo enyika, anozivikanwawo semudetembi wevanhu, ariwo gamba rekuchinja, basa reruzhinji raakaita kusvika awira muurombo. Prieto paakanga achiri kuyaruka, aingova nemakore 13, baba vake vakafa uye amai vake vakavhiringidzika mupfungwa, zvokuti akanga ava kutongova nherera. uye pakutsvaga basa rake rekutanga.

Sezvinotozivikanwa kare, Prieto akatanga kunyora uye kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika zveMexico, apo aishandisa hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika, ane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvisingakanganwiki zvinomutsanangura semumwe wevadetembi vakanyanya muMexico panguva iyoyo. Pakati pemabhuku ake pane 3 nhetembo uye akati wandei zvinyorwa zveprose.

Guillermo Prieto kubva achiri mudiki akakwezvwa nemabhuku, nhoroondo uye zvematongerwo enyika, saka akatanga kuona zviroto zvake zvishoma nezvishoma, saka zvakaita kuti muna 1837 apinde mumunda wetsamba munhau seEl Mosaico Mexicano uye. Galán Calendar, kwaakabudisa ndima dzake dzokutanga.

Muna 1836, ari pamwe chete naQuintana, akatanga neAcademy of Letters yaiva nechinangwa chikuru chekunyora zvinyorwa zveMexico, akatanga kubudisa nhetembo dzake, achibatsirana semupepeti mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana enhau nezvinyorwa. Pamusoro peizvi, akavandudzawo munzvimbo yemitambo yemitambo ichishanda pamwe chete munzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika.

Nekune rimwe divi, muhupenyu hwake hwezvematongerwo enyika akapindawo muLiberal Party uyezve akaratidzira kupikisa kwake kutonga kweMutungamiri panguva iyoyo Antonino López de Santa Anna, kwaakapinda muChirongwa cheRubatsiro, icho chaive nebasa guru rekuisa. a kumisa hudzvanyiriri mumutungamiri weSanta Anna.

Nenzira imwecheteyo, Guillermo anonyora muNational Guard mukutanga kupindira kweUnited States, achibatanidza kudzivirira kweuto rehurumende nekutanga kweFrench kupinda muvhu reMexico. Mumapeji akawanda ewebhu unogona kuwana rimwe remabasa ake, "ndangariro dzenguva dzangu" umo iwe unogona kuverenga rimwe nerimwe remapeji emabasa ake.

Kana riri basa rake rekunyora, akafunga kuenderera mberi nekubatanidza basa rake muma1840s, achitsikisa basa rake reprose rainzi Alonso Ávila, mukuwedzera kumabasa ake enhau ndiEl Museo Mexicano naEl Semanario Ilustrado.

Mune zvematongerwo enyika akatanga semukuru wehurumende dzevatungamiri José María Valentín Gómez Farías naAnastasio Bustamante, akatangawo kunyora mu Official Gazette.. Muna 1838 akapinda muBasa reMauto: yaive nguva yeHondo yePastry, kurwisana pakati peFrance neMexico.

Runyoro rwemhando yenhetembo dzaGuillermo Prieto

Manyorerwo emabhuku anoshandiswa neveMexico, aizivikanwa nekushandiswa kwemutauro wakapfava uye wakajeka, wakanyorwa zvakanaka uye unonzwisisika, mabasa ake ane zvimiro zverudo rwazvino uye zvechokwadi akagadzira dingindira rakanangana netsika, nhoroondo, tsika uye mavara. wenyika yake.

Aive anofarira kutsanangura hunhu hweguta rega rega, tsika dzaro, tsika, aigara achitarisa zvipfeko zvedhorobha uye chikafu, ndiye mumwe wevanyori vedunhu venguva uye nyika yake yekuzvarwa. Kubatana kwake kwakacherechedzwa nenyika yake kwakamuita semumwe wevanyori vepamusoro panguva iyoyo.

Chimiro chake chekunyora chinoumbwa nemavhesi anozivikanwa, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, achisimbisa mimhanzi yengano yeMexico, yakafumurwa mubasa rake seRomancero. Kune rimwe divi idivi rerudo, munyori wezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakaburitswa mumagazini El Siglo XIX.

Muvhidhiyo iyi, iwe uchakwanisa kusimbisa ruzivo rweiyo biography nezve hupenyu hwaGuillermo Prieto, iwe unozogona kuzvizivisa iwe nezve zvese, rufu uye nezvimwe.

Basa rake rekunyora, maererano nevatsoropodzi vane hunyanzvi, rinoratidzwa nekuva nechimiro chakabatana nerudo, kuratidza nhoroondo yehupenyu hwemagariro, ezvematongerwo enyika uye ekunyora eMexico yezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, rine musoro unoti "Memories of my times" uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zve costumbrist zvaakaburitsa. mumapepanhau akasiyana-siyana epanguva yake.

Saizvozvo, zvinyorwa zvake zvinoshamisa "El alférez", "Alonso de Ávila" uye "El susto de Pinganillos". Kana riri basa rake renhetembo, rakakamurwa kuva nziyo dzokuda nyika uye ndima dzakakurumbira dzinokurudzirwa nengano. Pamusoro pezvo, achitevedzera nhetembo dzenguva yakakurumbira yeSpanish, akarumbidza zviitiko zvekupedzisira zvekurwira rusununguko rweMexico panguva yeRusununguko, mu "El balladro".

Nhetembo dzaGuillermo Prieto nemabasa ake

Imwe yezvitoro zvakashanyirwa zvakanyanya naPrieto yaive José María Andrade Bookstore, iri muMexico City, pakati penhoroondo yeguta guru.

Apa ndipo paakatanga kufemerwa kuti aite mabasa ake nekuti akaona achitengeswa Literary Art muMexico, neMexico akagariswa muSpanish Enrique Olavarría. Saizvozvowo, bhuku rambotaurwa iri rine mbiru yaro huru yerutivi rwevanhu munyika, ishamwari pakati pevatapi venhau, manheru ezvinyorwa, zvikoro, hutano nemasangano ekunyora, nhetembo nevatungamiriri venguva iyoyo.

Muzvinyorwa zvake, Prieto akataura kuti “basa racho nderekuongorora kwakadzama kwevanyori vedu vakakurumbira. VaOlavarría vanoratidza mubasa iroro unyanzvi hwavo hwakanakisisa semunyori, mavari, kudzidza kwavo nhoroondo yenyika yedu. Zvichida rudo rwunonyorerwa neshamwari yakasarudzika yeMexico runoita kuti anyanye kunyura mukutonga kwake; asi basa rinopa pfungwa yekufamba kwehungwaru munyika yedu uye mune zvese zvaro ibasa rinofungidzirwa".

Kunyangwe zvazvo murume uyu ane mukurumbira ane mukurumbira aive mudetembi, anoyeukwa nebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika uye renhau, asi akaramba achiratidza nekutaura kuravira kwake mavhesi nenhetembo, kusanganisira nhetembo dzakadai saAnacreóntica naCanción de Carnaval.

Muupenyu, akakurudzira kurava Alejandro Arango y Escandón, uyo akanga ari mumwe wamapiona, uko anopfuura zana ramakore rapfuura akabudisa nhetembo dzake nemifungo, akatanhamara somushanduri wechiHebheru nechiGiriki, muMexico.

Pakupedzisira, munyori akakurudzira "basa redzidzo naProfessor Villanueva (Rafael Villanueva) patichabudisa maonero edu akazvininipisa, tichikwanisa kuvimbisa kuti munhu ari kutaurwa ndemumwe weanonyanya kukodzera uye anokwanisa basa rakadai se tinobata uye kwatinoshuvira kubudirira kwakanyanya”. Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira iyo Nhetembo dzeCoral Bracho.

street muse 

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, basa iri nderimwe re nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto Yakagadzirwa muna 1883, yaive imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa nemunyori, basa iri kunyanya rine hukama uye hukama nevanhu veMexico vakafanana, sezvo richiratidza mune imwe neimwe yendima dzaro kuseka kwemunyori, kuswedera kuhope uye mufaro uye. nyore.

Mubasa nharaunda dzese dzakareruka dzeMexico uye maitiro akajairika evagari vayo anoratidzwa, angave akanaka, nzvimbo, tsika, mazwi akakurumbira, zvekuti basa rakatora chimiro uye rikave rakabudirira zvakanyanya kune avo. kuratidzira maitiro evanhu veMexico uye ndima.

mutambo wenyika 

Mune iri basa rakagadzirwa muna 1985, mudetembi akakwanisa kuratidza kuzvimirira kweMexico, izvo zvakaita kuti vave basa rekudada nenyika uye mufaro wega wega, wakafuridzirwa nenhetembo dzevanyori veSpain, uko mavhesi akaumbwa mune octosyllables.

mabasa enhetembo

• Mavhesi asina kudhindwa (1879).
• Street muse (1883).
• The National romancero (1885).
• Kuunganidzwa kwenhetembo dzakasarudzwa, dzakadhindwa uye dzisina kuburitswa (1895-1897).

prose basa

• The Ensign (1840).
• Alonzo de Avila (1842)
• Kutya kwePinganillas (1843).
• nyika nokukudzwa
• Muroora wepfuma
• Ndangariro dzenguva dzangu (1853).
• Supreme Order Voyages (1857).
• Rwendo rwekuenda kuJalapa muna 1875.​
• Kuenda kuUnited States (1877-1878).
• nhoroondo compumdium
• Kuna baba vangu

chinyorwa uye nyaya

• Universal Duramazwi reNhoroondo uye Geography (1848).
• Zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yehondo pakati peMexico neUnited States (1848) co-munyori.
• Zvidzidzo zvekutanga mune Zvematongerwo enyika Economy (1871).
• Sumo pfupi yekudzidza kwenhoroondo yepasirese (1884).
• Zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo yenyika (1886).
• Pfungwa Pfupi dzehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika (1888).

Imwe yenhetembo dzake dzinonyanya kukosha ndeidzi:

"Kupinda kweFrench"

VeMexico, torai simbi,
yatova nerwiyo pamhenderekedzo yegungwa iyo canyon:
ruvengo rusingaperi rwemuFrench anozvikudza,
kutsiva kana kufa nokukudzwa.

Rudzi rwakashata rweHideous Disgrace
Akazvikanda kubva kunyika yekwake kusvika pahuma.
aripiko, aripiko anozvikudza?
VeMexico, inwa ropa ravo,
uye kutyora matumbu emuFrench,
uko humbwende hunovanda;
paradza mureza wemuvengi wavo,
uise rutsoka rwako pazvombo zvavo.

Kana vakaedza kutsika pasi pedu,
mugungwa ngativige upenyu hwavo.
nomumafungu, akanga akasvibiswa neropa.
kupenya kwezuva kunoratidzika kunge kwakajeka.
Never rugare, Mexicans; ngatipikei
nechirauro chakashata hasha dzedu.
Kusafara kune uyo anotadzira Mexico!
kugomera pakuona mhirizhonga yedu.

Mufaro wakadini! Ngatidzime ruchiva:
Kubwinya kunotidaidza kuti tirwe.
Teerera. . . Takakunda kare! Kukunda!
Une nhamo iwe, muFrench ane nhamo!
Tichakunda, ndinozvinzwa, ndinopika;
Ropa reFrance rakanyura,
maoko edu achasimudzwa
kuna Asingagumi nomufaro.

Mune ino chidimbu kubva kune imwe ye nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto, tinogona kutaura kuti muMexico akazvipira kurumbidza ushingi hwevaya vakarwira rusununguko vachirwisana neFrench, chimiro chake chekuda nyika chakatsanangura uye chakabatsira nhetembo iyi kuti ionekwe seimwe yezvakanakisisa zvebasa rake. Nhetembo yakaunza zvinopfuura mufaro, rudo kunyika yake.

"The Insurgent"

Kubva kumahombekombe akanaka
bogar inoratidzika isina chokwadi
igwa rakareruka,
inozvidza vanozvikudza
kutyisa kwegungwa.

Mukati makatarisa kugara
murwi anozvikudza.
ganda rakapwanyika,
chipfeko chine ropa
uye kurudyi rwayo simbi.

Kumwanakomana wake munyoro, asina mhosva
akabata mumaoko ake ane simba.
anogeza huma yake nemisodzi;
asi kupisa kwake kusagadzikana
anogeza mwana nekumbundira.
Akatarisa rufu ruchikweva
Hidalgo uye mukuru Morelos;
Uye kurwisana nemagumo
akaona zasi kwemweya wake wakasimba
vanoda nyika vanofumura.

Rutivi rwake rwakapararira
mudzvinyiriri anodzoka;
Chingoponesa mwanakomana wako waunoda,
uye anobva abuda
nepachiteshi chengarava cheSan Blas.

Munzeve dzake kuchiri kutinhira
kuchema kunopikisa mudzvinyiriri.
inosimuka ... simba rinodzora
nokuti kunzwisisa kunozengurira,
uye anotambanudzira ruoko rwake kumwanakomana wake.

wenyika yake yakanamatwa
Njodzi dzinotyisa dzinomuwisira;
pasina shamwari, pasina vadiwa vake;
ari oga nomwanakomana wake nomunondo wake
muchadenga chose.

Mudzimai wake anogara pamhenderekedzo yegungwa
pasina pekugara, pasina basa.
tarisa pagungwa rinotyisa
uye imomo ndichava nemisodzi
nguvo mbiri dzounyoro hwake.

Tambanudza maoko ako ... gomera,
uye kuwa neshungu.
anobuda pamahombekombe;
zvakawanda zvinodzoka, uye akashinga anotarisa
flip hengechepfu yako

Tarisa kumashure vakashinga
ndokuwana mwanakomana wake avete;
Kudzikama kunopenya pahuma yake;
uye anoimba mupanduki anosuwa
rwiyo runorwadza urwu

Runako rweumwari rweunyoro hwangu,
iwe kuvava kwangu
ichaparara
mukusiiwa kwangu,
ndoga mumakungwa
iwe zvidemba zvangu
muchanyaradza

Iwe uri nyika yangu
uri shamwari yangu.
uri chapupu
yekutambudzika kwangu.
muromo wako chete
huma yangu inotsvoda
rakadhindwa kupi
kutukwa kwangu.

mwanakomana nepfuma
kuna baba vanyoro,
mai vako vakanaka
Kungava kupi?
Mwari werunako!
tarisa kuchema kwake
pakuputsika kwake
ivai netsitsi

ini muchikepe ichi
nekuti ndinotya mwana wangu;
Paddleless Flight,
pasina gwara;
ndege yakapotsa
ndisingazivi kupi,
uye atovanda
chiedza chezuva.

Asi zvinoonekwa
rombo rakanaka sei!
mwedzi muchena
pamusoro pepamusoro
mwanakomana anodiwa,
nokuda kwokusava nemhosva kwako
simba rose
ndibatsirewo.

Kunyangwe zvakati wandei, chikamu chenhetembo yaPrieto chinosimbisa nguva dzenguva yehondo, uyo ari pamwe chete nenhengo dzemhuri yake shoma (mwanakomana nemukadzi) anozviwana ari mukutambudzika kutarisana nekuchinja kwehupenyu pamwe nekusurukirwa kwake kwakajeka nekuda kwechokwadi. kuti varwi biyake vakafa mukurwisana kunouraya.

"Kuvimba kweMunhu"

Apo pwere dzaityisa
nyajambwa wekunyengedzwa uye zvishuwo,
anodzungaira pakati pekusava nechokwadi nenhamo,
achidzungaira murenje roupenyu.

Chitendero chepamusoro! unomupa hupoteri,
unonyaradza hupenyu hwavo hwekusuwa,
mumaoko ako murume akatsenhama
usatya ramangwana, varai norugare.

Kana dutu richibudisa mheni yaro.
Vakaipa vanodedera pakuvhuvhuta kwemhepo;
asi kubva kune vakarurama kuna Mwari kutaura kwakasimba
rumbidzai nenziyo dzokurumbidza

Akanaka murume ari pakutambudzika kwake;
kana kurwadziwa kunoramba kuchimutyisa;
kutaura kunyomba ivhu diki.
“Ndiyo nyika yangu”, uye anongedza kudenga.

Nhetembo iyi, kupfuura chivimbo chemunhu, muenzaniso wakasanganiswa wezvinovimbwa nehupenyu hwemurume anogara muhudiki hwakazara, akachengeteka, pamwe pasina hunyanzvi kana kutya kunodzokororwa kwerufu pacharwo.

"Glossed Tenths"

shiri duku ine corpulent,
ndikweretese mushonga wako
Kurapa munzwa
Ndiri kufunga nezvei,
Kuti itsotsi uye zvinondirwadza.

Chitarisiko rufu
Vachitaura divi risinganzwisisike;
Asi akavigwa ari mupenyu
Ndiani anorwara nekusavapo.
kuramba sei
patsitsi dzekutambudzika?
Ndava kukwira mhepo
Kuti iwe nekushongedza
Ndiudze zvakanaka kuti ndinochema,
Corpulent kashiri.

Muudze kuti ndiri kuedza
Murima rehupenyu hwangu
Nekuti zvakaita semwenje warasika
Zvakanaka zvandiri kutamburira.
Iti ndiri kunyura
Nokuda kworunako rwake rwoumwari.
Uye, kana ukamutarisa zvakanaka,
Isa munyengetero wangu pakati.
Uye uti: “Ndimi mushonga wake;
Ndikweretese mushonga wako."

Presil ine maruva ayo
Uye chitubu kutsva kwayo,
Uye ini zvese zvangu zviitiko uye nerudo rwavo rwunofara
Nhasi marwadzo andirwadza
Nekusindimara kwakadaro kwemuIndia,
Kuti handigoni kuzvidya mwoyo.
Mhepo, nyika, gungwa nedenga,
anoda kundipa nyaradzo
kuporesa munzwa?

Zvinoenderana nesnippet iyi nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto, chinhu chakakosha kuziva nzira yekudzora manzwiro uye kuvabatsira kuti vasakubata nenzira yakadzama, pane chinhu chakakosha chinoita kuti ashevedze "shiri diki" zvichireva zvimwe kumushonga kune mumwe munhu anogona kupa rubatsiro mune pakati pekusava nechokwadi kwemafungiro ako.

Kufa kwaGuillermo Prieto

Rufu rwaGuillermo Prieto, rwakaitika mutaundi reTucubaya musi waKurume 2, 1897, semugumisiro wekuderera kwechirwere checoronary. Zvisaririra zvake zvakazorora muRotunda yeIllustrious Persons.

Guillermo akashanda kusvika mazuva ake ekupedzisira, achitisiya isu nhetembo naGuillermo Prieto Kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake, kwaakaramba achishingaira mune zvematongerwo enyika uye maererano nekunyora, sezvo iye pachake akaratidza uye akaratidza imwe neimwe yemaitiro uye kupikisa kwaaifanira kupfuura, semuenzaniso, nerusununguko Benito Juárez , uyo panguva nguva yehutungamiriri hwake yakamutsigira kwekanguva ndokubva amupandukira.

Kana iwe uchida iwe unogona kuverenga zvishoma zvechinyorwa chedu pa Claudio Cerdan Yakazara Munyori Biography! mumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kunaka veHispanic dema novel. Pano unogona kuwana zvose zvine chokuita noupenyu hwake uye basa rake.