Waizviziva here kuti upenyu hwezvinomera hwakatangira mumakungwa? Nhasi tichaziva zvese nezve zvinomera mugungwa, mabviro ayo uye mamwe marudzi aripo ezvisikwa zvipenyu izvi zvakakosha kune zvakasikwa mune zvese. Kunyange zvazvo zvirimwa izvi zvisina kusiyana-siyana sezviya zviri panyika, zvinoyevedzawo.
Chii chinonzi marine zvirimwa?
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, zvirimwa zvemugungwa ndezviya zvinowanikwa zvichigara mukati memakungwa, nyanza uye kumahombekombe. Kune mamwe acho ane saizi diki, anogona kuyera masendimita mashoma, zvisinei, kune mamwe anogona kuyera akati wandei mamita akareba, mamwe acho anotoita masango emugungwa akaonda.
Anecdote inoda kuziva ndeyekuti zvirimwa izvi zvakatanga kushanduka-shanduka makore anopfuura mamirioni mazana mana apfuura, sezvo pasi rainge richiri pasi rizere nemvura.
Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, zvirimwa zvemugungwa zvakauya kuNyika kuburikidza neasteroid yakawira pasi uye ikakanganisa makungwa, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hwechirimwa uhu huve chikamu cheecosystem panguva iyoyo.
Unobva kupi?
Imwe neimwe yemiti yemugungwa yatinoziva kusvika nhasi, inobva kune green algae. Aya marudzi emiti ane simba rekuita photosynthetic maitiro uye anogona kuva unicellular kana multicellular, zvisinei, haana midzi semiti yevhu, uye haana madzinde kana mashizha.
Zvisinei, sezvo zvirimwa zvine chlorophyll, zvinotora carbon dioxide nechiedza chezuva kuti zvichinje kuva chikafu chazvo chepanyama. Pavanenge vaita photosynthetic process, zvirimwa izvi zvinoburitsa okisijeni, iyo inobatsira kune zvimwe zvirimwa uye kune mhuka dzinogara mugungwa, ndiko kuti, iwo anobatsira akajeka kune yese yezvipenyu zvegungwa zvakazara.
Mhando dzezvirimwa zvemumvura
Isu taitoziva kuti chii kwakabva zvirimwa zvemugungwa uye kuti zvakashanduka sei kubva pakutanga, zvino, yave nguva yekuziva. zvinomera zvipi zviri mugungwa uye ndezvipi zvimwe zveizvi zvinodaidzwa, kunyange, zvizhinji zveizvi Zvirimwa zvemumvura zvinoyerera, ndicho chikonzero, nhasi tichaziva zita uye ruzivo ruduku rwezvinonyanya kukosha:
Avicennia germinans
Uyu chirimwa chegungwa iwo chaiwo muti kana dzimwe nguva gwenzi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa se white mangrove, black mangrove kana prieto mangrove. Inogona kuwanikwa ichikura yega pamahombekombe enzvimbo dzinopisa mukati mePacific kana Atlantic.
Avicennia germinans inogona kusvika kureba pakati pemamita matatu kusvika gumi, mashizha echirimwa ichi akareba 3 kana 10 centimita kureba uye 6 paupamhi. Panyaya yemaruva ayo, anowanzo kuve akaiswa mumhando ye inflorescence uye anogona kuyera pakati pe10 uye 3 millimita imwe neimwe.
Zvibereko zvemuti uyu kana shrub zvidiki, zvisingaite 2 centimita kureba, uye zvine mhodzi mukati mayo inomera kunyangwe goko risati ravhurika nekufumura mbeu idzi.
cymodocea nodosa
Chirimwa ichi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi pezita re seba, zvakafanana, zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dziya dzepakati pemvura dzinowanikwa muMediterranean uye kumahombekombe eAtlantic.
Vanogona kusvika masendimita makumi matanhatu pakureba. Nemashizha matete uye akareba eruvara rwakanyanya rwegirinhi. Maruva ayo ndeemhando yeterminal, anokura ari ega uye ane bonde rimwe chete.
Muchero wechirimwa ichi idrupe rine mbabvu 3 kuseri kwacho, ruvara rwawo runogona kuita yero pekutanga uye kuita brown kana rwatanga kuibva. Mbeu dzayo dzakati diki, sezvo dzichingoyera mamirimita masere.
Halodule wrightii
Ichi chirimwa chemugungwa chine rhizomes uye chinowanikwa mukati memakungwa emamiriro ekunze anopisa pasi rose. Mashizha ayo akasvibira akafanana neribhoni uye anogona kureba kusvika masendimita makumi maviri.
Muchiitiko chemichero, vane chimiro che ovate, uye saizi yavo inongosvika 2 millimita yakafara. Zvidiki zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvirimwa.
Oceanic posidonia
Anozivikanwa nezita riri nyore rekuti posidonia iyo inowanikwa kuMediterranean. Mashizha echirimwa ichi akafanana nemucheka uye ane ruvara rwakanyanya rwegirini, anogona kuyera kureba kwemamita 1. Posidonia inowanzoita masumbu mukati megungwa.
Kutumbuka kwechirimwa ichi kunoitika panguva yekudonha, uye michero yayo inoonekwa kana chitubu chinotanga. Zvibereko zvinosunungurwa kubva mumiti uye zvinoramba zvichiyangarara pamusoro pemvura, ndicho chikonzero ivo vachizivikanwa semaorivhi emugungwa.
Spartina alterniflora
Anozivikanwawo nemazita e gakanje espartillo kana boraza, ndecheboka reuswa hunobva kuAmerican kondinendi uye hunokura mukati mematope emunyu.
Iwo zvirimwa zvinogona kurarama kwemakore akati wandei, zvisinei, zvinogona kugara nemashizha avo chero nguva yehupenyu hwavo, kunyanya munguva yekuvhuvhu uye yechando, izvo zvavari chikamu cheboka rinodonha.
Inokura kusvika pakati pe 1 mita kusvika 1,5 metres pakureba. Dzinde rezvirimwa izvi rakatsetseka uye rine mhango, mukati umo mashizha anokura nenzira inenge yakatsetseka, pakati pe20 ne60 centimita kureba uye 15 millimeters yakafara nechepasi.
Maruva echirimwa ichi akasvibira kana kuti akasvibira eyero, uye anokura munguva yechando.
Zostera Marina
Uyu igwenzi rinokura mukati memikova, magungwa nemachakwi ari pakati pe36º ne60º north latitude. Dzinogona kusvika paurefu hunosvika masendimita zana nemakumi mashanu uye mashizha adzo akasvibira uye akaita seribhoni zvinoita kuti dzitaridzike zvakanaka.
Maruva ayo anokura muchimiro che inflorescence apo michero yawo iri achenes uye ine chimiro che ellipse kana ovoid.
Chii chinonzi zvirimwa zvemahombekombe?
Kunyange zvazvo takatodzidza zvishoma nezvezvimwe zvinomera zvinogara mugungwa, zvino tava kuzotaura nezvezvinogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, ndiko kuti, zvinowanika mujecha remahombekombe egungwa.
Izvi zvinomera zvinowanzovhiringidzika nemiti yakajairika, zvisinei, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti izvi zvinoonekwawo semhando yemiti yegungwa, chete kuti haigare mumakungwa.
Ngatisvike pakuziva zvimwe zveizvi zvinomera zvemahombekombe zvinozivikanwa semahalophiles:
Alyssum loiseleurii
Aimbozivikanwa pasi pezita resainzi re alyssum arenarium, chirimwa chisingaperi chinogara kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweFrance uyewo kuchamhembe kweSpain.
Alyssum loiseleurii chirimwa chinokwanisa kusvika kumasendimita makumi maviri pakureba uye ruvara rwemashizha acho rwakanaka rwegirinhi rweashy runokwezva kubva pakutanga kuona. Chirimwa ichi chinotanga kuita davi kubva pachigadziko chayo, kureva kuti, hunde yayo yakazara matavi. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, mashizha emaruva aya akanaka akafukidzwa nehupamhi hwebvudzi.
Kutumbuka kwechirimwa ichi kunoratidzwa muchimiro chematavi uye anoyevedza kutsvuka mukupesana neruvara rwegirinhi rwemashizha awo.
Hondo yeArmeria
Uyu Flora Inokura ichiita makwenzi madiki anosvika paavhareji kureba pakati pe40 ne80 centimita. Mashizha anogona kuonekwa kubva mairi anozivikanwa se linear-lanceolate uye dzinoyera dzinenge 14 centimita kureba uye 6 millimeter yakafara, saka dzakanyanya kutetepa asi dzakarebesa.
Maruva echirimwa ichi ane ruvara rwepingi rwakanaka uye rwunoyemurika runoita kuti rionekwe kwese kwarinowanikwa.Pamusoro peizvi, maruva awo anozivikanwa nekuve zvitsauko zvinoyevedza zvinopa ruvara rwemavara kumahombekombe enyika.
Asparagus macrorrhizus
Chirimwa ichi chaimbozivikanwa nezita rekuti asparagus maritimus. Icho chirimwa chisingaperi chinokura zvakasikwa muSpain, kunyanya kuMurcia.
Iyo Pasparagus inogona kukura uye inosvika pakureba kwemasendimita makumi matatu, haimbopfuuri saizi iyoyo, nekuti chokwadi, kune vashoma vanosvika pakureba uku. Mashizha akasvibira akanaka uye anoshamisa, anoshamisa, anokura kubva padzinde dzechirimwa ichi.
Sezvineiwo, chirimwa ichi parizvino chiri munjodzi yekutsakatika, saka hachichaonekwi kakawanda sezvachaimbova.
Crithmum maritimum
Inonyanya kuzivikanwa se fennel kana gungwa parsley. Ichi chirimwa cheEurope ndecheboka remiti isingaperi, inogona kusvika pakati pe20 ne30 centimita pakureba uye ine matavi akasimba emashizha ayo anokura mashizha akasvibira.
Maruva emiti iyi anokura ari maamburera uye iruvara rweyero rinoyevedza unoita kuti zvionekere pazvinotumbuka.
Eryngium maritimum
Iyo inozivikanwawo se gungwa kana marine rukato. Inowanikwa pamahombekombe eEuropean continent. Inogona kusvika masendimita makumi mashanu pakureba, ndicho chikonzero ichizivikanwa seimwe yehukuru.
Iwe unofanirwa kunyatsochenjerera nechirimwa ichi, nekuti chine minzwa yakapinza zvekuti, kana ukasangwarira, inogona kukuvadza ganda reavo vanoibata.
Mashizha emuti wegungwa isirivha kana kuti ruvara rwebhuruu rwakanaka uye maruva ayo anoyevedza anosimuka achiratidza lilac inoyevedza inoita kuti itaridzike sechirimwa chakakosha.
Pinus halepensis
Kuzivikanwa se Aleppo paini, ndeimwe yemapaini mashoma aripo pasi rose anokwanisa kugara munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, the pinus pinea Ndiyo imwe yemapine anewo iyi yakakosha hunhu.
Kunyangwe ichi chirimwa chinobva kuMediterranean, chinogona kuwanikwa chiri chikamu chemugungwa wepamberi muSpanish Balearic Islands.
Inogona kusvika 25 centimita kureba. Hunde yechirimwa ichi chakasimba kunyangwe ichirwadza, nekuwedzera, mashizha ayo tsono dzeruvara rwegirinhi rwakanaka runogona kusvika masendimita gumi pakureba.
Chinhu chatinofanira kuziva ndechekuti makoni echirimwa ichi madiki, akasiyana neemamwe mapine atinoziva.
Kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza zvezvirimwa zvemugungwa
Izvi zvinomera zvemugungwa kana marine algae zviri mudanho rekutanga rekudya kwemakungwa, sezvo vachikwanisa kudyisa kunyange boka guru rezvipenyu zvinogara mumakungwa.
Izvi zvinomera zvine basa rekupa kubereka kwakawanda kweiyi ecosystem, kunyanya algae ine microscopic iyo inoramba ichiyangarara pamusoro pemvura, idzi algae diki dzinoumba yakawanda phytoplankton, imwe yemakuru echikafu ezvizhinji zvezvipenyu izvo. kugara mumvura.
Paunenge uri mumwaka umo mwenje wechisikigo wakakwira zvakanyanya uye mamineral salt (zvinovaka muviri) izvo zvinomera izvi zvinotora zvakanyanya kuwanda, iyo phytoplankton yakawanda kwazvo uye inoita dense layer pamusoro pegungwa ichipa girinhi. .
Tinofanirawo kuyeuka kuti zvirimwa izvi zvakakoshawo kune makorari ematombo. Aya makorari ane huwandu hukuru uye akasiyana algae mukati mematishu avo, aya anozivikanwa sezooxanthellae uye zoochlorellae, ayo ane basa rekupa chikafu kumakorari aya kuburikidza nephotosynthetic process.
Mune dzimwe nharaunda dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, ma<em>macro algae, kana kuti miti mikuru yomugungwa, yazova utiziro hwemhuka zhinji dzomugungwa uye, mukuwedzera kuna ikoko, dzinobatirawo samanyuko ezvokudya nokuda kwamamwe marudzi mazhinji anogara munyanza.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYjOqPlSnL8
Kushandiswa uye zvivakwa zvemiti yemugungwa
Kune vazhinji vanogara mumataundi emahombekombe uye nyika dzinoshandisa mashizha egungwa, pakati peakanyanya kusimba inyika dzeAsia (China, Japan neSouth Korea), ivo havangoishandisa chete se miti yekushongedza, asiwo nokuda kwezvokudya.
Munyaya yeJapan, masowe egungwa chikamu chekudya kwekutanga kweJapan. Imwe yezviyo zvegungwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika ino ndeyeNori, yegungwa rebrown inozivikanwa sePorphyra, uye inoshandiswa mukugadzirira sushi, zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo hakungogumiri pakugadzirwa kwechikafu ichi, asiwo yakawedzerwa kune soups, salads. , chikafu, appetizers nezvimwe.
Nori igwenzi remugungwa rine huwandu hwevhitamini C, zvekuti yakatokwirira kupfuura yemichero yemacitrus. Nechikonzero ichi, ivo vanopedzwa neavo vane dzihwa, kunyanya pakugadzira muto wealgae wavanofanira kunwa kuti vadzore hutano hwavo nesimba.
Imwe algae inonyanya kudyiwa muJapan iLaminaria kana Laminaria digitata uye Ulva lactuca. Kumadokero kwenyika, zvizvarwa zveko izvi zvaisadya algae zuva nezuva, asi kuti vaingozviita munguva yenzara, apo chaingova chinhu chemahara chaiwanikwa.
Algae ine mafuta mashoma, zvisinei, iwo akapfuma kwazvo mumaminerari, pakati pavo pane calcium uye iodine, iyo yakakosha kumuviri wemunhu, kunze kweiyo, inewo mamwe marudzi evhithamini.
Marine algae anoshandiswa kutengeserana kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvinobvamo, agar, algin, carrageenan uye mamwe mamwe maficocolloids akakosha zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvekudya.
Aya anoshandiswa se emulsifier uye stabilizer mukati memishonga, cosmetic, hutano hwehutano uye mamwe maindasitiri. Pamusoro peizvi, vanoshanda sechikafu chedzimwe mhuka uye sefetiraiza yechisikigo yezvirimwa.
Agar inowanikwa kubva kune tsvuku algae uye inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwechizi uye mayonnaise, nekuwedzera kune iyo, inoshandiswawo kugadzirira microbiology tsika midhiya. Inoshandiswawo semushonga wemusikirwo une simba.
Panyaya ye carrageenan, inoshandiswa sechikamu chekugadzirira masukisi, chokoti zvinwiwa, sependi stabilizer uye sechikamu chezvimwe zvizoro. Pakupedzisira, munyaya yealgin, inotorwa kubva kune algae yakasvibirira, ine kushandiswa kwakajairika mu confectionery uye mukugadzirwa kwemasipi akasiyana.
Algae kana zvidyarwa zvemugungwa, kana zvakagadzirirwa nemazvo, zvinonaka zvinonaka kana zvinopindirana nekudya, chinhu chega chaunofanirwa kungwarira nacho kuwanda kwemunyu kwavangave nazvo. Kana iwe uchida kuisanganisa mukudya kwako, iva nechokwadi chekuti unenge uchiwana huwandu hukuru hwemabhenefiti izvo zvinozoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve hutano.
