Iyo Mosque yeCordoba ndeimwe yezvivakwa zvekuvaka vakawanda vakashanya muAndalusia uye kunyange kuSpain. Hupfumi hwayo hukuru hwehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvaka, ine nhoroondo yese iri mumadziro ayo, inoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha uye imwe yevamiriri vakakosha veIslam art.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve zvikamu zveMosque yeCordoba, pano tinokuudza.
Nzvimbo iripo yeMosque yeCórdoba yanga iri yakatsaurirwa kuzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana kwemazana emakore. Pasi peVisigoths Basilica yeSan Vicente yakavakwa uye mosque yekutanga yakavakwa pamusoro payo. Panguva iyoyo, nzvimbo yacho yakagoverwa kwenguva yakati Muslim uye maKristu kutozosvikira maMuslim akawanda aonekwa munzvimbo iyi. Ipapo ndipo payakabva yatorwa Abderraman I, uyo akarayira kuvakwa kwe alama mosque senzvimbo huru yekunamatira muguta.
Parizvino, mazhinji eVisigothic architectural elements of the building akabatanidzwa muchikamu chemosque yekutanga yeAbderraman I.
Zvikamu zveCordoba Mosque
Iyo Mosque yeCórdoba parizvino ine nzvimbo mbiri dzakapatsanurwa: chivanze chine chivanze chinonzi. Chivanze cheOrange miti, iri kupi the minaret, uye imba yomukati yakatsaurirwa munyengetero.
Nzvimbo yemukati yakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, iyo inopindirana nekuwedzera kwakaitwa mumakore. Tinogona kuwana nzvimbo dzinotevera: Abderraman I Mosque, Yekutanga Yekuwedzera, Yechipiri Yekuwedzera, Yechitatu Yekuwedzera uye Cathedral. Tinogona zvakare kusimbisa shongwe kubva panguva yaAbderraman III.
Chikamu chinokamurwa ikozvino mosque-cathedral chakabatana zvakananga nenhoroondo yemosque pachayo, sezvo isu tichitanga neUmayyad dzinza raAbderraman I, ipapo Abderraman II (yekutanga kuwedzera), Abderraman III (minaret), Al Haken. II (wedzero yechipiri), Almanzor (wedzero yechitatu); Pakupedzisira Cathedral yakavakwa muna 1146.
patio yemuti weorenji
Ikozvino kugadzirisa kwePatio de los Naranjos inoenderana ne1597, apo Bhishopi Reinoso, pamwe chete nemugadziri Hernán Ruiz, vakaronga dhizaini yebindu repatio, ichi ndicho chinhu chatinogona kuyemura nhasi.
Asi patios yakanga isiri nguva dzose sezvavari. Munguva dzechiIslam, yaishandiswa senzvimbo yezviitwa zveveruzhinji zvakaita sekudzidzisa kana kutonga kwekururamisira.. Iyo gallery inotanga kuvakwa pasi pesimba raAbderraman I uye inopera neHixem I. Inonzi Chivanze cheOrange miti nokuti kuvapo kwemiti iyi kwave kuchizivikanwa kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Gare gare misipres nemiorivhi yakawedzerwa.
Abderraman I Mosque
Izvi ndizvo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya zviratidzo yeMosque yeCordoba. Iyo bhiza arch yaive imwe yezvigadzirwa zveAbderraman I, kunyange zvazvo misoro nemashafts eVisigoth kana kuti mabviro echiRoma akashandiswazve mukuvaka.
Iyi mosque yekutanga uye inotevera yekuwedzera inotariswa zvinoshamisa kumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nejecha renzvimbo yeRwizi rweGuadalquivir, iyo inogona kunge yakaita kuti nzira yekuenda kuMecca isagoneke. Horseshoe arches akava chiratidzo chezvivakwa zvechiIslam, uye munharaunda iyi akanga akareba zvakapetwa kaviri. Vanovakwa nematombo nezvidhina, izvo zvinopa iyo bicolor hunhu hwenzvimbo.
Abderraman Ini akatsiviwa naHixem I, akavaka minareti yekutanga yeMosque yeCórdoba, yaive nechirongwa chemativi mana. Mavakirwo echivanze chinoitwawo naye, ane basa, sezvatakambotaura, raiva munamato wevakadzi.
Kuwedzerwa kwezvikamu zveMosque yeCórdoba
Kutanga kuwedzera
Nekusvika kwaAbderraman II, takava nekuwedzera kwechipiri muna 822. Imba yekunamatira inokwidziridzwa kuita zvikamu zvisere uye inoratidzira Abbasid-yakafurirwa kushongedzwa. Mukuwedzera kwekutanga, zvimwe zvakawedzerwa, senge imba yepfuma kana nzira yakavanzika yaibatanidza Mihrab neAlcázar yeCaliphate yeCórdoba.
Kuwedzerwa kwechipiri
Abderraman III akava caliph mugore ra929, uye kuratidza simba rehumambo hweIslam kuMadokero, akawedzera chivanze ndokuvaka minareti itsva, yokutanga murutivi urwu rwenyika. Mutongi akazvisungirirawo kuti aise danda guru rakaita seshangu yebhiza pamusuo mukuru wetemberi.
Gare gare, panguva yekutonga kwaAl Hakem II, mosque yakawedzerwa muzvikamu gumi nezviviri, nokudaro ichisvika pakuwedzerwa kwayo. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuwedzera uku ndezvebhuruu uye pink marble. Kunoperera chivakwa ndiko mihrab, inova nzvimbo yokunyengeterera. Iyo yakapetwa kaviri, iyo inovimbisa kuti chimiro chakasimba zvakakwana.
Pakuvaka uku kuwedzera, chiedza chokuwedzera chaidiwa, saka nhevedzano yezvivharo zvakaumbwa nembabvu huru dzakavakwa. Iyi mhando yevault, inozivikanwa se caliphal ribbed vault, yakanga ine simba rakajeka paMudejar art. Iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo inomiririra yechivako, kunyangwe isingasviki saizi yebicolor uta. Mihrab ine chirongwa cheoctagonal, chakagadzirwa nedhome hombe muchimiro chegoko remupilgrim.
kuwedzera kwechitatu
Kuwedzerwa kwekupedzisira kweMosque yeCórdoba kwakaitwa naAlmanzor pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Nekuda kwekudonha kuri pedyo kwecaliphate, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pano ndezvemhando yakaderera pane yekuwedzera kwekare. Almanzor yakavaka mamwe maNave masere emusikiti, asi nekuda kwekuva pedyo kwayo haina kutarisana nerwizi (sezvakaitwa neakamutangira), asi akavaka kumabvazuva.
Cathedral
Munguva yekutonga kwaCharles V, cathedral yakavakwa pamusikiti wezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Bishop Manrique ndivo vakaratidza chido chavo chekuita basa iri. Kuti vaite izvi, vakachengeta kuwedzera kweAlhaken II kwakasimba, vachivaka kathedral mukati memosque, ine chivakwa chayo. Chimiro cheGothic, asiwo nezvinhu zvepakutanga baroque.
Mugadziri Hernán Ruiz ndiye aitarisira kuitwa kwebasa racho, uye mushure mekufa kwemugadziri, mwanakomana wake uye gare gare muzukuru wake vakaramba vachivaka. Ingangoita mazana maviri emakore uye inoratidzira Gothic vaults, yepakutanga Baroque maficha uye Renaissance-maitiro domes..
Hurongwa hwepasi hwecathedral muchinjiko wechiLatin, mukati tinowanawo mapurupiti akakomberedzwa naMiguel Verdiguer, akavezwa mumahogany nemarble. The Treasury chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chechivako ichi, chakagadzirwa nesirivheri nenyanga dzenzou kubva kuXNUMXth kusvika kuXNUMXth century.. Muunganidzwa unoshamisa, uye pano tinowana chidimbu chinoshamisira: iyo Corpus Christi, yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX naEnrique de Arfe.
Saka kana ukaronga kushanyira Córdoba, ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira kana ukaona Mosque.