La Messenger njiva Ishiri iri nyore uye inokurumidza, chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuita mishoni nekukurumidza, zviri nyore nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakakwana munzvimbo. Ramba uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi kuti udzidze zvese nezve shiri iyi inoshamisa.
History of the homing pigeon
Iyo njiva inotakura senzira yekukurukurirana zvichida yakwegura sevaPersia vekare, kubva kwavari unyanzvi hwekudzidzira shiri hungangodaro hwakabva. VaMughal vakavashandisawo senhume. MaRoma akashandisa vatumwa venjiva kubatsira mauto avo makore anopfuura 2000 XNUMX apfuura. Frontinus akati Julius Caesar akashandisa njiva senhume mukukunda kwake Gaul.
VaGiriki vakashuma vakundi veOlympics kumaguta akasiyana-siyana nenzira iyi. Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, vakashandiswa colored carrier njiva muBaghdad. Naval Chaplain Henry Teonge akatsanangura mudhayari yake yenguva dzose njiva yepositi sevhisi inoshandiswa nevatengesi pakati peİskenderun neAleppo. Pamberi peteregirafu, iyi nzira yekutaurirana yaive fashoni pakati pevatengesi nevemari.
Hurumende yeDutch yakamisa hurongwa hwehurumende nemauto muJava neSumatra mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi1851, vachitora shiri kubva kuBaghdad. Muna XNUMX, Paul Julius Reuter akaberekerwa kuGermany akavhura hofisi muGuta reLondon yaiendesa mitengo yemasheya pakati peLondon neParis netambo itsva. Calais kuDover.
Masangano akawanda okupfuya njiva dzekirasi iyi akatangwa munyika dzose huru dzeEurope, uye nokufamba kwenguva hurumende dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatanga nzira dzokukurukura nokuda kwezvinangwa zvehondo netsamba dzenjiva.
Mushure mokunge njiva iri pakati penhare dzemauto yaedzwa zvakakwana, pfungwa dzakatendeukira kukushandiswa kwayo kwezvinangwa zvehondo, kutumira mameseji kungarava dziri mumvura dziri pedyo. Yaishandiswawo nemasangano enhau nevanhuwo zvavo pazviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana. Hurumende dzenyika dzakasiyana dzakagadzira nzira dzadzo dzinosanganisira kushandisa homing njiva.
Mitemo yakadzikwa ichiita kuti kuparadzwa kwenjiva dzakadaro kuve utsotsi, mibayiro yaipiwa kumasangano akazvimirira kuti akurudzire kushanda zvakanaka, uye makomborero akapiwa nokuda kwokuparadzwa kweshiri idzi. Kusati kwauya redhiyo, mapepanhau akashandisa njiva kutaura nezvemijaho yemayacht, uye mamwe mayacht aive akashongedzerwa nepamusoro.
Panguva yekugadzwa kwemasevhisi etsamba dzenjiva, kunyoreswa kweshiri dzese kwakatangwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuti zvitadzise kushanda zvakanaka kwegadziriro dzenyika dzokumwe, zvinetso zvakaiswa munzira yokupinza shiri dzadzo kunze kwenyika kuti dzidzidziswe uye pane dzimwe nguva nyuchi dzakarovedzwa zvikuru kuti dziputse basa munguva yehondo.
MaGermany akagadza muenzaniso nekushandisa falcon kurwisa njiva dzeParis muna 1870-71. Hapana nzira inogutsa inoratidzika kuva yakatangwa kudzivirira shiri dzisina simba, kunyange zvazvo maChina aimbopa njiva dzavo miridzo namabhero kuti vadzinge shiri dzinodya nyama. Zvisinei, apo radiotelegraphy uye telephony zvakatanga, kushandiswa kwenjiva kwakaganhurirwa kuhondo dzenhare kare kare sama1910.
Semuenzaniso, British Admiralty yakamisa basa rayo renjiva mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi250.000, kunyange zvazvo yakanga yawana mwero wepamusoro wekushanda. Zvisinei, nhamba huru dzeshiri dzakanga dzichiri kuchengetwa munhare huru dzomunyika dzeFrance, Germany, uye Russia pakatanga Hondo Yenyika I. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, United Kingdom yakashandisa inenge XNUMX njiva dzinotakura.
Ndeapi maitiro enjiva inotakura?
Homing njiva ndeyekurongeka Columbiformes. Zita rayo resainzi ndiEctopistes migratorius. Ectopistes zvinoreva "kufamba kana kudzungaira" uye migratorius zvinoreva "kutama". Zita resainzi rine chirevo cheshiri isingangotama muchirimo nekudonha chete, asiwo inofamba kubva mumwaka kuenda mumwaka kusarudza nzvimbo yakanakira kugara nekudya.
Chitarisiko cheshiri iyi chaienderana nehunhu hwayo hwekubhururuka, kumhanya uye kufamba. Musoro nemutsipa zvaive zvidiki; muswe wakareba, wakaita sehweji uye mapapiro akareba, akanongedza aifambiswa netsandanyama dzechipfuva aiita kuti ikwanise kubhururuka kwenguva refu.
Hurefu hwepakati hwemurume hwaive hunosvika 42 cm. Mukadzi aive mupfupi 3cm. Musoro uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro dze Paloma chirume chainge chakachena grey chine mitsetse mitema pama scapular nema wing covert. Pahuro painge paita twuruvara tutsvuku twakachinja ruvara kuita simbi inopenya yebhuronzi, yegirinhi nepepuru kuseri kwegotsi.
Chikamu chezasi chemutsipa uye chipfuva chinowedzera rosy, zvishoma nezvishoma chichishanduka chichena muchikamu chezasi chedumbu. Mapiritsi akanga ari matsvuku akadzika; bhiri duku, dema uye nhete; makumbo nemakumbo chiedza chitsvuku. Mavara echikadzi akawedzera kuparara uye kupenya. Musoro wayo nekumusana zvaive zvitema-grey, zvigamba pahuro nepanape zvaisapenya zvishoma, chipfuva chaive chepingi.
Hugaro hwayo uye kugoverwa kwayo
Shiri idzi dzinogara zvakanaka munzvimbo dzemawere, kunyanya mawere egungwa. Vakaunzwa uye vanhu vemusango vanogona kugara munzvimbo dzemawere, asi vakawana niche yakakwana muhupenyu hwemudhorobha. Maguta anovapa mikana yakakwana yekuunganidza marara, sezvo vanhu vachigadzira akawanda.
Shiri idzi dzinogara kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, kumadokero kweAsia, uye kuchamhembe kweAfrica. MuEurope anowanikwa kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba uye muAsia anowanikwa kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba. Vakaunzwawo mumatunhu akawanda. Rudzi rwayo rusiri rwekuzvarwa runosanganisira yakasara yeEurope, mamwe matunhu eAsia, maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAustralia, maodzanyemba kweAfrica, zvikamu zveSouth America, zvikamu zveCanada, uye yese yeUnited States neMexico.
Mafambiro ehoming pigeon akadii?
Nemhaka yokuti shiri idzi hadzina dziviriro uye dziri panjodzi yokudzvinyirirwa, dzinoramba dziri mumhomho yeshiri dzinogara dzichigara. Mukuungana kwakasimba, shiri imwe hainyanyi kunangwa, uye kufamba kwemhuka dzakawanda kunogona kuvhiringa zvikara. Dzimwe shiri dziri muboka dzinogadzira uye dzinotsvaka kwadzinobva zvokudya. Vamwewo vatakuri vemahara uye vanobatana nekudya mushure mekunge vagadziri vawana chikafu.
Ko homing pigeon inodyei?
Kudyisa zvine mukana ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekubudirira kweshiri iyi. Zvimwe zvekudya zvakajairika zvinosanganisira zviyo nemhodzi, miriwo, michero, michero, tumbuyu, hozhwa, makonye, nezvimwewo. Mumaguta vachadya chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinodyiwa. Tsvina yevanhu inopa chikafu chakasiyana-siyana uye vanotora mukana wezvavanowana.
Maitiro ako ekubereka ari sei?
Njiva ishiri dzine murume mumwe chete uye dzinosangana kweupenyu hwose. Dzose hadzi nerume dzinochochonya mazai uye dzinotarisira nhiyo. Varume vanovaka matendere pamawere emahombekombe, pamwe chete nemawere ekugadzira anogadzirwa nezvivakwa zvemudhorobha zvirefu zvine mitsetse inosvikika nematenga.
Kubereka kunogona kuitika chero nguva yegore, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine zvokudya zvakawanda. Zvisinei, inonyanya kuwanda muchirimo nezhizha. Hadzi inokandira mazai anenge matatu, uye vabereki vose vanoyamwisa mazai iwayo kwemazuva 15 kusvika ku20. Manhiyo anodyiswa nemukaka wegoho unogadzirwa nevabereki vavo. Pashure pemazuva anenge 30, nhiyo dzichadzidza kubhururuka uye kuzviriritira.
Mujaho wenjiva kudzidziswa
Shiri idzi dzinonakidza dzine nhoroondo yakapfuma yekutakura mameseji uye zvekushandisa pakati penzvimbo mbiri. Shiri idzi dzaive dzakajairika kutumira mameseji kusati kwaitika shanduko yedhijitari. Nhasi, hunyanzvi hwake hunoramba hwakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu anodzikamisa kutaurirana kwedhijitari uye kwemuviri. Kudzidzisa njiva kuri nyore, asi kunoda nguva, kuzvipira uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera.
Seta nzvimbo yepasi
Njiva dzinotakura dzinotakura mashoko pakati penzvimbo mbiri. Iwe unofanirwa kutanga wamisa nzvimbo yepasi, imba yekutandarira yemba, senzvimbo yepakati. Imba iyi ndiyo inopedza njiva zhinji yenguva yadzo uye inoshanda sechiteshi chekudya nemvura. Inofanira kuva nehatch inobvumira njiva kupinda, asi inodzivisa kukwanisa kwavo kubuda pakuda.
Dzidzira muzvikamu
Zvakanakira kurovedzera njiva nekudzidzira pazvinhambwe zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kutora njiva kunze kwemba uye kushandisa keji kutakura maira kure. Vasunungure vadzokere kumba kwavo. Ita izvi kakawanda kudzidzira. Wobva wawedzera huwandu kusvika 8 km uye dzokorora maitiro. Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma muhuwandu kunokubvumira kuti uedze shiri idzi sezvo boka rinovaka simba uye richiwana chivimbo.
Zvokudya nemvura zvinokurudzira
Shiri iyi inodzidziswa munzvimbo imwe kana mbiri vachishandisa chikafu nemvura inokurudzirwa. Unogona kushandisa yako base base nzvimbo senzira imwe chete yekudzoka yemameseji, kana kugadzira nzira pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakasimbiswa. Kune nzira mbiri yekubhururuka, bvisa chikafu kubva pachigadziko. Pamaoko takura njiva kunzvimbo yechipiri uye kupa zvokudya.
Njiva inodya uye inozopedzisira yadzokera kubhesi. Iyi nzira inofanira kudzokororwa kusvikira njiva yatama pakati penzvimbo mbiri yakazvimiririra.
Natanidza meseji
Iwo mameseji anotakurwa nemabhegi madiki. Mabhegi anoshandisa machira emapendekete uye machira kana epurasitiki ekubatanidza slots. Mucheka wakareruka uye uri nyore kugadzira, asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukuvara kubva mumvura uye zvinhu. Machubhu madiki anopa akavharirwa akachengeteka ezvinyorwa uye zvekushandisa.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutakura njiva
Kune zvakasiyana-siyana zve mutakuri wenjiva rudzi, izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi zvakadzama:
- Very fast: hadzina kunaka, hadzina hunhu hwakanyanya, dzine mapapiro akapatsanurwa, shiri iyi inoratidza kuve yakasimba, ine hutsinye hwekukurumidza, inodya nenzira yekuwedzeredza, kunyangwe zvakadaro, pfungwa yavo yekutungamira inoshamisa uye muswe wavo wakasimudzwa ndeimwe yemaitiro avo ekuongorora.
- Great background: Shiri iyi yakadzikama kudarika yekare, ine kureba kwakakura kudarika yekare, muswe wayo wakananga kuzasi uye musoro wayo mudiki, unogara wakatwasuka, mapapiro ayo akareba uye akakora, makumbo akatwasanuka, hunhu hunokudzwa uye huzhinji hwemagariro, vanowanzodya zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Pakati-pasi: Iko kusanganiswa kwemakopi apfuura. Ipfupi nekuti mitezo yayo haina kuenzana, mutsipa wakakura, muswe wayo mupfupi, hunhu hwenjiva iyi haina moyo murefu uye inodya nekukurumidza uye yakawanda.
Zvese nezvePalomar
Dovecote chivakwa chakagadzirirwa kuchengeta njiva uye kunyange dzimwe shiri diki. Zvivako izvi zvinopa nharaunda yakachengeteka yekuti njiva dzive matendere mairi, pamwe nekugadzira nzvimbo yemba yakajeka yeshiri, izvi zvinodzikurudzira kuti dzigare pasi uye kuita dovecote imba yadzo yakanaka.
Dzimba dzemazuva ano dzinotengwa nhasi dzinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira njiva dzemujaho, kusanganisira njiva dzekushongedza. Kuchengeta njiva munzvimbo dzebindu yakatanga kuve yakakurumbira mukati me1920s uye maitiro aya akaenderera mberi kusvika nhasi.
Zvinoverengeka zvekutanga dhizaini maficha akajairika kune ese lofts. Vanowanzo vane nhamba huru yemakamuri kana cubbyholes kushanda sematendere ega, ivo vanosimudzwawo kudzivirira zvikara. Chimiro chedovecote chinosiyana zvakanyanya. Denderedzwa, sikweya, uye octagonal lofts ese akajairika.
Kazhinji, chivako chekare, chekare, chekare chakakura zvakakwana kuti munhu apinde uye chaive chakavharwa kunze, nemacubicles akatenderedza madziro emukati. Aya madovecot mashoma uye ari kure pakati nepakati pemakore akaputswa kana kuregeredzwa. Pamusoro peiyo hombe yechinyakare zvidhinha dovecots, zvakare zvinokwanisika kuwana zvidiki zvimiro, zvakagadzirirwa estates, eruzhinji uye akavanzika magadheni echero saizi.
Limpieza y güiyao
Nguva nenguva zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti makamuri edendere acheneswa. Iri rinogona kunge riri basa rinonetesa uye rakaomarara, asi zvakakosha, sezvakaita chero imwe mhuka, kuti inogara yakachena kudzivirira hutachiona, kukuvara kana tsikidzi. Zvakakosha kuita izvi kana njiva dzabhururuka kubva mudendere kwezuva.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kupfekedza makamuri ekumusoro ane mitsara yekunzwa inogona kutsiviwa nyore nyore nguva nenguva. Sarudzo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa scraper tool kuchenesa yakawanda yetsvina uye wozoisa jira nemvura inodziya ine sipo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti tsvina yese yabviswa, asi kudzivirira iyo. Humidity. Dzivisa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa zvine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba.
Inokurudzirwa kupenda loft gore negore, zvichida mumwedzi yechirimo apo mamiriro okunze asina kunyanya kupisa kana kutonhora zvakanyanya. Usati watanga, iva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzauri kuisa pendi dzakachena. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzingada jecha, ita izvi nesandpaper yakapfava uye bvisa chero huruva.
Manzwisisiro anoita hangaiwa ane homing anoshanda sei?
Pasinei nezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakawanda mumakore apfuura, hapana anonyatsonzwisisa kuti njiva dzinochengeta sei kumba dzinofamba madaro marefu. Kune akati wandei dzidziso idzo nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti inotsanangura kanenge chikamu chemaitiro pabasa. Masayendisiti ave kutenda kuti njiva dzinotakura dzine kambasi uye mepu nzira dzinodzibatsira kuti dzifambe dzichienda kumba.
Muchina wekambasi unovabatsira kubhururuka nenzira kwayo, nepo mepu yemepu ichivabvumira kuenzanisa pavari uye nekwavanoda kuva (kumba). Muitiro wekambasi wenjiva inonzi homing pigeon zvimwe unobva pachiedza chezuva. Kufanana nedzimwe shiri dzakawanda, vanogona kushandisa nzvimbo uye kona yeZuva kuti vaone nzira yakakodzera yekubhururuka nayo.
Zvisinei, maitiro emepu anoramba ari chakavanzika. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti njiva dzinotakura dzinoshandisa magneto-reception, iyo inosanganisira kuvimba nemasimba eMagineti ePasi kuti atungamirire. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti njiva dzinotakura dzine simbi mumiromo yadzo dzinoita kuti dzikwanise kuona magineti zviri nyore.
Zvikara zvinogona kuitika uye njodzi
Njiva hadzina nzira dzekudzivirira dzechisikigo dzekuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvikara. Kugona kwavo kubhururuka ndicho chete chinhu chiri pakati pavo nezvikara panyika, izvo zvinosanganisira opossums nemaraccoon. Zvakadaro, njiva dzinowanzotorwa neshiri dzinodya dzinoita seperegrine falcons, red-tailed falcons, Zizi shrill.
Huku nemazai adzo zvakare dziri panjodzi kubva kuhuwandu hwekatsi dzepamusha. Pasinei nekuva pandandanda yezvinenge zvikara zvose, mapoka enjiva haasi mungozi yokutsakatika. Vanhu vakawanda vanoona shiri idzi sezvipembenene zvine tsvina, asi kutaura zvazviri kukwanisa kwadzo kuparadzira zvirwere kwadzikira.
Pane mukana mudiki wekubatwa nehosha dzefungal kana utachiona kubva pakubata tsvina yenjiva, asi izvi hazviwanzo. Shiri idzi dzinogona kubata zvirwere zvakati wandei, kusanganisira West Nile virus uye avian fluenza, asi hazviratidzike kunge inokwanisa kutapurira kune dzimwe mhuka. Vanhu vanotsiva nokuuraya shiri idzi, asi havasati vachizotyisidzirwa chaizvoizvo nezvinoitwa navanhu.
kutenda uye mashura
Pane zvakawanda zvinotaurwa nezvenjiva munharaunda yemazuva ano. Vanhu vanogona kuve nemakomba enjiva kana njiva, kana kutoita senjiva dzetsvina. Shiri idzi dziri kwese kwese. Nemhaka yokuti njiva dzinokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzokugadzirwa, dzave dzakawanda zvikuru kwose kwose kune vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, hangaiwa dzakawanda muEurope, Asia, uye Africa, uyewo muNorth America yose. Zvakare nekuve zvinhu zvengano uye ngano, zvisikwa izvi zvakare zvinotariswa kune dzakawanda zvisirizvo.
- Irombo rakanaka kuti hangaiwa ichiita tsvina pane mumwe munhu: Zvakaoma kuratidza, asi zvinowanzoitika kuti madonhwe enjiva haaunze rombo rakanaka. Zvakanaka, iyi yakaoma kuratidza kana kuramba nemhando ipi neipi yechokwadi chesainzi, asi kubvumirana ndekwekuti kucheneswa nemumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu chinhu chakaipa. Kutanga, tsvina yenjiva inonhuwa. Uye chechipiri, kunyange zvazvo isiri chepfu muhushoma, inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba uye zvinopisa upenyu kana yakafemerwa muhuwandu hwakawanda.
Mukuwedzera, inofanira kuonekwa kuti njiva zvakare vatakuri vezvipembenene, izvo zvinogona kupfuudzwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nekubata nemarara avo. Paunopikisa izvi nekushaikwa kwehumbowo hwekutsigira rombo rakanaka mushure mechiitiko ichi, zvinova pachena kuti kumira pasi peboka reshiri idzi panguva yekudyisa kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa.
- Njiva vanhu vaMwari: Njiva dzave dziri zviratidzo zvinokosha muzvinyorwa zvorudzidziso, asi ikoku kunodziita dzoumwari here? Zvakare, ngano iyi yakaoma kupokana nayo zvine musoro, asi yaifanira kuverengerwa murondedzero sezvo njiva dzichionekwa kakawanda mumagwaro nezvinyorwa zvenyika yekare. Dzingave dzichishanda sechibairo mugamuchidzanwa rechiJudha kana kuti somutumwa waNoa paareka, njiva dzinoita rutivi rukuru mugamuchidzanwa rorudzidziso rwenyika.
Njiva dzinomiririrawo rugare, kuchena, kutenda, uye kuvimbika mutsika zhinji pasi rose. Zvakaoma kuona kuti nei shiri idzi dzichigara munzvimbo yakatsaurwa kudaro munzanga dzevanhu.
- Njiva dzinogona kubhururuka zviuru zvemakiromita pazuva: Njiva dzinogona kubhururuka kure, asi kwete kure zvakadaro. Zvakadaro, makiromita 900 pazuva rimwe chete anoyevedza. Kubva pakukwanisa kubhururuka kunoshamisa kwenjiva, nyaya dzekuita kwavo nemapapiro dzakasimudzwa zvakanyanya mumakore. Semuenzaniso, njiva dzine mano anoshamisa ekuwana nzira yekudzokera kumba, asi kwete kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwenyika, sezvinoitwa nengano.
njiva dzakashongedzwa
The Dickin Decoration ndiwo mubairo unozivikanwa zvakanyanya weukoshi hunopihwa kune asiri munhu. Akapiwa rezinesi kune nhamba yakakura yenjiva, kusanganisira North American Regimental Pigeon Service. joe uye Messenger njiva irlandesa ndomumwe wevakasanganisirwa murukudzo urwu rwusingakanganwike.
