La date palm, chirimwa chinozivikanwa nokusaziva kuti kwakabva kupi kusvika zvino, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachiti chinobva kuAfrica. Zvisinei, zviuru zvaro zvemakore, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwayo kwakasimba uye kwakasiyana-siyana, kunosanganisira michero yayo, makwati, mashizha uye kunyange maruva, inoita kuti ive yakasiyana. Zvitsvage pano.
date palm
La date palm, inozivikanwa nemazita e "common palm", "palm", "palm tree", "phoenix", "tamara", "date palm", "royal palm", "date palm", pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda. Inomira kunze kwekuve "arecaceae" chirimwa, chiri che "monocot" mhuri, iyo ine mutsauko wekuve imwe chete ye "Arecales" kurongeka kusvika zvino. Kune rumwe rutivi, mhuri iyi yemiti inozivikanwa pasi pekuzivikanwa kwe "michindwe" kana "michindwe".
Ichi chirimwa, icho chakanyanya kutaridzika uye chinoyemurika kubva ku "Phoenix" genus, inoperekedzwa nehuwandu hwegumi neshanu. Izvo zvakagoverwa pakati peCanary Archipelago, North Africa, Asia kudivi rayo rekumaodzanyemba neFar East. "Phoenix dactylifera L.", inoenderana nezita iro date muchindwe rinozivikanwa naro nesainzi.
Izvi, nekuwedzera, zvine hunhu hwekubatanidza zvinyorwa, izvo zvinozviisa seimwe yenzvimbo dziri kure, maererano nekurima kwayo. Iine mareferensi ekuvapo kwayo kweanenge makore 4.000 BC Kwaishandiswa kuvakwa kwenzvimbo tsvene nekugara dzeBabironi rairo kana kudzidziswa, yevaAkkadians uye zvakare Sumerian.
Setsanangudzo ine mukurumbira, inofanirwa kunge iri "dioecious" chirimwa. Izvo zvinoreva kuti ine hunhu hwekukudziridza maruva ese echirume neechikadzi. Maruva aya anoratidzwa uye anoonekwa nenzira yakasiyana maererano nemaitiro avo uye ruvara. Chibereko icho chinopa kuti chishandiswe, chinogashira zita re "date" uye ndeimwe ye Mhando dzemichero izvo zvinonzi "berries".
Ukuwo, mabheri ndiwo anosiyaniswa nekuve akanyanya kuwanda pamichero ine nyama. Ne "drupe" physiognomy, zvinoreva kuti ine fibrous. Iyo inewo muchikamu chemukati, nenzira yakafanana, mbeu imwe chete.
Taxonomic kupatsanura
Chirimwa date palm, ine yakasarudzika taxonomic classification. Inotsanangurwa neakaberekerwa kuSweden sainzi, botanist, naturalist uye zoologist, Carlos Linneo. Inoratidzwa kuburikidza nebhuku rake "Species Plantarum", mugore ra1753, ichiratidza zvinotevera data:
- Umambo: Plantae (izvo zvinomera)
- Chikamu: Magnoliophyta (zvinomera zvinotumbuka, zvine mukati mazvo mbeu)
- Kirasi: Liliopsida (boka reangiosperms rinotsanangura maruva anomera)
- Order: Arecales (mhuri yemiti monocotyledonous, inonzi michindwe kana michindwe)
- Mhuri: Arecaceae (michindwe kana michindwe)
- Genus: Phoenix (inosanganisira 15 mamwe marudzi emhuri yemichindwe)
- Zvisikwa: Phoenix dactylifera
- Zita resainzi: Phoenix dactylifera L.
Shoko rakafanana nerekuti palm
Date palm rine chirevo chakasiyana, tichifunga kuti izwi iri rinoreva kuti kune zvinopfuura kumwe kuzivikanwa kwesainzi kwemutero mumwechete. Apa izwi rekuti taxon rinoreva zvikamu zvidiki zvinotevedzana zvakanyudzwa muchikamu chebhayoloji. Panyaya iyi, anotevera masinonimimi, ayo anoti:
- Palm dactylifera L.
- Phoenix dactylifera var. pane zvinotevera: adunca DH Christ ex Becc., costata Becc., cylindrocarpa Mart., gonocarpa Mart., oocarpa Mart., oxysperma Mart., aphaerocarpa Mart., shaerosperma Mart., sylvestris Mart.
- Palma huru Garsault
- Phoenix yezvinotevera: chevalieri D. Rivera, S. Ríos & Obón; excelsior Cav., nom. illeg.; Iberian D. Rivera, S. Ríos & Obón
Habitat uye marongerwo edate palm
Mazuva ano, zvidzidzo uye kuferefeta kunoita kuti tifunge kuti date palm, ine senzvimbo yayakabva, nzvimbo inobatanidza iyo yose yePersian Gulf. Zvisinei, munguva dziri kure, inonyorwa seimwe yemiti yakawanda kwazvo. Iyo yaivepo pamusoro pemvura inobatanidza nzizi dzeYufratesi, inova imwe yeidzo dzinoganhura Mesopotamia neNairi, iyo yakakura kwazvo muAfrica, ichiyambuka nyika dzese gumi, kuNorth direction.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune humbowo hwekuchera matongo hunoratidza kuti muchindwe wedate wakadyarwa kana kudyarwa muArabia Peninsula makore angangoita 4.000 BC Muti uyu unonakidzwa nekunamatwa uye une hunhu hwekukosha kwekubereka uye kuwanda. Kuvapo kwake kuri mumari dzakasiyana-siyana uye mumifananidzo yakaderera yokuyamura. Pasina kusiya shure zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinosimudzira.
Kune rumwe rutivi, vanhu vanoshandisa kudyara, vanotanga kukohwa mumaruwa erenje uye ndiyo nzira iyo inosvika kuSpain kubva muruoko rweArabhu. Iine kudyara, goho kana zvirimwa muGreece, Italy, Côte d'Azur (France), Sicily neIraq (nyika inobudisa mazuva).
Kushandiswa kwayo kwakakosha mukudya kwevagari veMorocco, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Arabia, Tunisia neIran. Inowanzo kufarirwa sechishongo muCuba, nzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa.
Hunhu hwayo hwekupinda hwakaisa mu "Spanish Catalog yeInvasive Alien Species". Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chikamu chezvirimwa zvine njodzi huru, izvo zvinotyisidzira kuvepo kwemarudzi eko. Kugadzira shanduko dzinocherechedzwa, zvese kune yekugara uye kune ecosystem. Kutengeserana kwayo, kurima, kutora, kuendesa kana kuchinjana kunorambidzwa muCanary Islands.
Hunhu hwedate palm
La date palm, inomira pachena nekuve neanotevera maitiro:
- Iyo inozivikanwa pasi pekuzivikanwa kwe "michindwe kana michindwe".
- Iyo genus ndeye "Phoenix" uye ndeyemhuri ye "monocotyledons"
- Iyo data yekuvapo kwayo inodzokera kumakore angangoita 4.000 BC.
- Zita rayo resainzi ndi "Phoenix dactylifera L."
- Hunde yaro yose inodzivirirwa kubva pahwaro hwayo, nekuzvarwa kwemashizha akatemwa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti akafa uye akadonha.
- Mbeu ine nguva yekumera, inotangira pamazuva makumi matatu.
- Icho chirimwa che "dioecious", ndiko kuti, chinokura maruva emurume nemukadzi.
- Maruva echirume kazhinji madiki pane maruva echikadzi.
- Maruva ayo anonhuwira zvikuru, apo varume vane ruvara rwekrimu uye vakadzi vane ruvara ruchena. Aya anozvarwa ari muchimiro chespike chine nyama axis. Apo varume vane hurefu hunotangira pakati pe 15 ne 22,5 centimeters, nepo vakadzi, hurefu hunotangira pakati pe 30 ne 75 centimeters.
- Kana inflorescence yayo yakakurumbira, inogona kuva pakati pe6.000 ne10.000 maruva.
- "Zuva" ndiro chibereko chinopa kushandiswa kwayo, iyo "berry", ine chitarisiko che "drupe", zvinoreva, nyama uye kazhinji mukati mune mbeu imwe chete.
Zvimwe zvakakosha
Izvi zvinotevera zvakare zvakakosha zvedate palm:
- ari michero yemichindwe, dzine urefu hukuru kupfuura kufara, hunova hunonzi oblong. Kunze kwekutsvedzerera uye nemavara anosiyana kubva kuyero, orenji, girini yakatsvuka, ichikura kureba pakati pemasendimita matatu nepfumbamwe, ukuwo dhayamita rayo richiwanzoita masendimita maviri nehafu.
- Munguva yekukura uye kukura kwezvibereko zvayo, dzinde rinotsigira sumbu rinogona kusvika kusvika mamita 1,8.
- Chirimwa chine hunde yakamira, nehurefu hunosvika nyore pakati pe30,5 ne36,5 metres, iine ukobvu hwakafanana mukureba kwayo.
- Pakati pemakore 6 kusvika ku16 pashure pokumera kwayo, nhungirwa dzisingaverengeki dzinooneka patsoka yehunde.
- Kureba kwemashizha ayo anenge mamita matanhatu, ari pinnate, ndiko kuti, vane tsinga yepakati.
- Midzi yaro inogona kusvika pakureba inosvika nyore kusvika kune radius yemamita gumi nemasere, nekudzika kusvika pamamita matanhatu, uko kugumira ndiko kwakasiyana. Mhando dzevhu uye kukura kwechanza.
Symbology yedate palm
Nezve chiratidzo chayo, isu tine inotevera data:
- Munguva dzekare mufananidzo wokukunda kana kuti wokukunda wainzi ndiye akaitwa. Naizvozvo, apo kubudirira kweguta kwakapiwa, mufananidzo wacho wakabva watemerwa menduru, zvichireva chiitiko chacho.
- KuvaIjipiti, raimiririra kubereka.
- VaCarthaginian vakaishandisa semufananidzo mukudhindwa kwemari yavo, sezvayakanga iripo mumatombo avo akasiyana-siyana.
- Girisi yekare nehumambo hweRoma vaiishandisa seshongedzo yemitambo yavo, mhemberero kana mitambo yekurumbidza rumbidzo.
- Kune tsika dzechiKristu, inofunga uye inomiririra kugadzikana, kunze kwekuti inorangarira kusvika kwa "Mesia" muguta reJerusarema.
- Muguta reElche, riri mudunhu reAlicante, kuSpain, muchindwe wedate unoshandiswa kumutsa, kurangarira nekupemberera chiitiko chechitendero chechiKristu cheSvondo yeMapamende. Kureva, neinotanga Vhiki Tsvene.
Nzira yekudyara sechirimwa chemuchindwe
Kuita nzira yekudyara, iyo inowanzoitwa pakutanga muhari, mbeu dzinofanira kutanga dzaunganidzwa kana dzaibva, ndiko kuti, kana ganda richichinja ruvara. Pakati pekukohwewa nenguva yekudyara, dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nehunyoro hwepakati.
Kunze kwekuti ivo vanofanirwa kupihwa nzira dzese dzekutarisira, maererano nemishonga yefungicidal isingavatenderi kurwiswa nefungi. Pamwe nekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Nekudaro, marapirwo aya ane mhedzisiro yekuti kumera kwekukura hakuna kunaka, nekuti nguva yaro inowedzerwa.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kudyara kuitwe kana chirimo chatanga, kwadzinomborongedzerwa mumatireyi, pamusoro pepeat inofanira kuchengetwa patembiricha iri pakati pe20 ne30°C. Kana chido chiri chekuwedzera kumera, mbeu inofanira kunyudzwa mumvura inochengetwa patembiricha ye30°C, kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.
Transplantation tekinoroji sekurima kwedate muchindwe
Nzira yekurima inotaurwa nezvekusimwa inokurudzirwa kuti iitwe pakutanga kwezhizha. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chikamu chenguva yakakwana, nekuda kwekuwedzera kugona kwechirimwa, pamwe nekubvumidzwa kwayo kuita. Nekudaro, iyi tekinoroji inofanirwa kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinocherechedzwa, zviito uye maitiro, ayo ari:
Pamberi pemaitiro
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuvimbisa kuti trunk inopiwa nekudzivirira kwakakwana, kuburikidza nemesh kana machira esimbi, pamwe negeotextiles. Kana kuvepo kwechirwere chero chipi zvacho kuchionekwa, pamwe nekurwiswa kwezvipembenene, fungicides inodiwa, mishonga yezvipembenene kana mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kuiswa.
Zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kushandisa kuchekerera, izvo zvinofarira rhizogenesis. Izvi zvinoitwa nema auxins anokurudzira kuumbwa kwemidzi masero. Kuita kucheka muhunde kunobvumira kuti iumbe midzi mitsva inopa kugadzikana kwakanakisa uye kuibatsira mukukura kwayo, kukura uye kuwana chikafu kubva kune substrate.
Mukuchekerera, hafu yekorona yayo inonyanya kushanda, inflorescence uye michero inofanirawo kuderedzwa. Zvadaro, michindwe isati yacherwa kuti igadzirwe, iyo substrate inofanirwa kupihwa hunyoro hunoenderera kweanenge maawa makumi maviri nemana zvisati zvaitika.
Kubviswa
Kuti aite kudhirowa, mugero unofanirwa kucherwa uchitenderedza date palm, kuitira kuti chivharo chevhu chinosimuka pedyo nemidzi inogamuchira zita remidzi yemidzi inokosha. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa ne geotextile, waya mesh kana imwewo imwe michina.
Zvadaro, kucheka kunofanira kuitwa kumidzi inokurudzira kukura kwezvitsva, tichifunga kuti inogona kusvika kusvika ku50% yehuwandu, kunze kwekuti inogadzirwa nechekureba pakati pe25 ne30 centimita pakureba. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mushure mekucheka kwaitwa, mishonga yefungicide uye chero imwe inodiwa inoiswa.
Transfer
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuchinjisa kuitwe mumotokari dzakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichi, nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera kunoda chirimwa chemuchindwe. Kuve yakanyanya kukosha, chengetedza mashizha kuti uderedze dikita raangave naro panguva yekufambisa kunoitwa, izvo zvinogona kuve nekuisa machira akakodzera paari. Iko kunotevera ndiko kudzivirira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuti kucheka kunogadzirwa mune stipe, iyo yanga iri dzinde rayo.
Kudyara
Kuti uite kudyara, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti gomba rizarurwe mu substrate, zvichienderana nehupamhi hwebhokisi rayo. Ipa organic matter kuzasi pamwe nepariphery. Imo inzvimbo ine yakatarisana yakafanana inofanirwa kuvimbiswa, kuwedzera kune iyo oscillating nhanho inofanirwa kudzikiswa pakati pe40 ne50 masendimita kana ichienzaniswa nenzvimbo yayakabva.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti, kana mutsauko maererano nenzvimbo yawakabva wakanyanya kukosha, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvishande uye uzadze gomba nevhu kubva kwayakabva. Mushure mekudyara, chinhu chinotevera ndechokuita kudiridza kwakakwana, zvichidikanwa kuti midzi yemidzi yakanyoroveswa.
Post-transplant reaction
Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti muti wemuchindwe uratidze kudonha kwemashizha uye kupera simba zvachose mushure mekudyara. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inoonekwa nekuve chirimwa chinoratidza iyo inonzi post-kudyara kunetseka. Zvichipa kuti kumubatsira kukunda mamiriro acho ezvinhu, zvinongodiwa kutanga nekumupa zvakakwana uye zvinopfuurira Humidity nekudiridza kakawanda. Izvi zvichabatsirawo kugadzikana kwayo mu substrate.
Kucherekedza kuvepo kwemashizha matsva kubva pakati pebud, inguva yakakodzera yekushandisa yakakwana yekuumbwa fetiraiza, iyo inofanirwa kunonoka kuburitswa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuiswa mushure memwedzi mitatu kana mina yega yega, zvichiva mutsigiri wekushandiswa kwefoliar sprays yakapfuma mu microelements.
Zvishandiso zvinodiwa pakuchekerera
Kuti uite kuchekerera zvakanaka, mamwe maturusi ekutanga anodiwa, ayo anotevera:
- Marcola: Izvi zvinonziwo palmero banga, inowanzoshandiswa kucheka mashizha, maruva nemichero.
- Chainsaw: Kushandiswa kwaro kunowanzoita kutema mashizha, pamwe nekuchenesa stipe uye kubvisa mashizha.
- clapper hook: Inoshandiswa kuita kucheka kwemaruva, pamwe chete nemichero.
- saw yemaoko emurimi: Inoshandiswa pakucheka suckers, kana chainsaw isipo.
Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera kwakafanira kwe date palm, inokurudzirwa munguva yechando, sezvo ichizadzisa zvinangwa zvakakosha zvakadai se:
- Dzivirira kana kudzivirira mashizha anogona kuoma kubva pakudonha kubva pachirimwa kubva kumusoro, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwezvinhu kana kukuvadzwa kwevanhu.
- Kurudzirai chirimwa kuti chive nekuderera kwekusagadzikana pamberi pemoto unogona kuitika munzvimbo iyo iripo.
- Kubviswa kwemashizha ane zvirwere kunobatsira kuberekwa kwemashizha matsva ane hutano, iyo mushure mekutarisa uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakakodzera.
- Inogonesa kana kufarira kuiswa kwakakodzera kwefungicide kana mishonga yezvipembenene, sezvinodiwa.
- Inopa kana kuti inopa kuti muti wemuchindwe unokwidziridza runako rwawo pachawo kune zvakatipoteredza, uchishongedza zvakaupoteredza.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kuchekerera kwemuti wemuchindwe, kunze kwekufarira kubviswa kwemashizha akaoma uye / kana ane chirwere, anewo basa rekucheka masumbu emichero yaainayo uye inflorescences. Kune rumwe rutivi, panguva yekucheka, mashizha anofanira kubviswa, ayo ari kuberekwa kwechizvarwa chitsva chemuti wemuchindwe, chinoita kuti chipararire. Kana kuchekerera kwemashizha ayo akasvibira kuchidikanwa, kunofanira kuitwa nekuremekedza kuti ingori imwe chete korona yakakura. Kuve pasina chikonzero avo vari vanhu vakuru mukukura kwavo.
Kuchenesa
Kuchena kwemuti wemuchindwe kunopiwa nenzira iyo kucheka kunoitwa panguva yekuchekerera. Iyo inofanira kuva yakachena nguva dzose, kunze kwekuchenjerera kusakonzera kubvarura kana kubvarura.
Zvakakosha kuti, panguva yekucheka uye kucheneswa kwechindwe, trunk haina kutemwa, izvi imhaka yekuti haiporese uye ndiyo nzvimbo yakakwana iyo chero nhamba yezvinosvibisa uye zvipembenene zvinopinda muchirimwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nenzira yakajairika, kusvika korona, chirimwa chinotambura nekucheka kusingakoshi, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekutarisirwa kwakakodzera.
Kuendesa mberi
Kazhinji, chirimwa date palm Iine pollination yechisikigo, zvinoreva kuti inoitwa mushure mekupa uye nzira yekuita kwemhepo inoikurudzira nguva dzose. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvisingaitiki sezvakatarisirwa, zvinofanira kuongororwa kuti kuurayiwa kwechisungo chemuchero hakupi zvibereko zvakanaka. Ndicho chikonzero nzira yekugadzira pollination inoshandiswa, iyo inoitwa nenzira yebhuku rekuita.
Iyi nzira inoitwa nekucheka maruva emurume kana angosvika pakukura kwepollen yawo. Ipo mukume uyu unobva wapararira pamusoro pemaruva emukadzi pabonde, kunyanya pakushorwa kwavo. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo iyo manyorero pollination yedate palm inozopedzisira yawanikwa, iri nyore, asi yakanyatsojeka.
Fertilization
Zvirimwa date palm ivo vanomira kunze kwekuve vanochinjika zvakanyanya neruremekedzo kune izvo fetireza yavo, kugona kuita nayo kuburikidza ne organic kana mineral fertilizer. Kune organic fertilizer, zvinokurudzirwa kuti yakaenzana nekirogiramu imwe chete iyo inosanganiswa ne substrate, iyo inofanirwa kusanganiswa zvakanaka. Iko gare gare ichave nemhedzisiro, dhipatimendi uye inofambira mberi kutorwa kwezvinovaka muviri.
Kana iri mineral fertilizer, kushandiswa kwe15-15-15 yakaoma kunokurudzirwa. Izvi zvine hunyanzvi hwekuve neiyo yakasimba isiri-simbi phosphorus (yakanaka fetiraiza), nitrogen gasi (inobatsira kuchengetedza chigadzirwa) uye mineral potassium (chikafu chinobatsira mukukura kwechirimwa uye kukura kwezvibereko zvayo).
Zvakakosha kufungisisa kuti kubereka kunosvika kune simba rayo rakanakisisa mumuti, kana ikashandiswa mumwedzi yezhizha, iyo nguva iyo zuva remuchindwe rakawedzera kukura kwayo uye simba rekukura. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuti muti uve nehanya yakakwana uye uchifunga nezvemaitiro emamiriro ekunze, inofanira kushandiswa munguva yechando imwe foliar fetireza inopa kudzivirira kana paine chero chinodiwa.
Kuberekwa kwedate palm
Kuburitswa kwe date palm Inoitwa nembeu, kuburikidza nevanoyamwa kana in vitro, apo imwe neimwe yadzo inotsanangurwa pazasi:
Nembeu
Kuberekwa nemhodzi, iyo inoberekawo zvepabonde, inoratidzwa nekusagadzikana uye yakasiyana zvikuru, zvichiita kuti chizvarwa chezvirimwa zvitsva zvive zvakasiyana zvachose kana zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane mukana mukuru wekuti hunhu hweiyo morphology, phenology uye physiology huchapera. Nenzira iyi, kuberekana kwechirimwa chemazuva kunoitwa kuburikidza nembeu kunokurudzirwa chete kana ichitsvakwa kugadzirisa kana kuti biologically kuenzanisa izvi. Mhando dzemichindwe.
nevana vavo
Kuberekeswa nemaSuckers ndiko kubereka kweasexual kunowanikwa nechirimwa chemazuva, chiri icho chinoshandiswa kutengeserana nemhando dzayo, inosvika pakupararira sema clones. Izvo zvinoitika padanho rekutanga rehupenyu hwechirimwa, kunyanya, pakati pemakore gumi negumi nemashanu mushure mekudyarwa.
Kusati kwabviswa mapfuti, kudiridza nguva nenguva kunofanira kuitwa, nechinangwa chokuti substrate ye adjacencies inoramba iri mumidzi. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana iwe uchida kuve nechokwadi kuti chirimwa chitsva chakafanana nechirimwa chaamai, chine hutano hwakafanana hwezvibereko zvayo, izvo zvinoitika mushure memakore matatu kana mana ekudyara.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nzira iyi haina kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwechido chebasa chainoda, kunze kwekuti kazhinji inotadza kuvhara chinangwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana iyo pup yakabviswa isiri kuzoshandiswa, inokurudzirwa kuirasa.
ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai
In vitro kubereka kune zvakakosha zvakakosha, pakati pazvo zvinotevera:
- Inowanikwa kuti date palm haina mavhairasi uye chero rudzi rwechirwere.
- Kana mabhindauko makuru akabatwa, mari dzinofanira kubviswa dzinodzikira zvakanyanya.
- Zvese zvinomera zvakawanikwa ndezvemunhukadzi.
- Matinji akaenzana naamai.
- Kugadzirwa kunoitika nekukurumidza.
Sechokwadi chinonakidza, muguta reElche, riri mudunhu reAlicante, Spain, mune rabhoritari huru yepasi rose yekugadzira misi nenzira iyi yekuparadzira.
Gastronomic kushandiswa kwedate palm
Zuva iri, kunze kwekunge riri chikamu chezvakasiyana siyana uye kurumbidza zvakakosha ndiro dzeKisimusi, rakatanhamara nekushongedza akawanda ezvakanakisa ndiro zvepasi rose zvine simba.
Iyo ine mukuumbwa kwayo, 70% shuga, kushandiswa kwayo kuve kwakanaka kana zvasvika kune dessert kana kana zvichidikanwa kudzoreredza simba mushure mekurapwa kwechisikigo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti 100 gramu chete inokwanisa kupa anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe macalorie. Mukuwedzera, vane mafuta anokosha anobatsira, pamwe chete nekutsvaga zvinhu uye zvicherwa.
Inowanzo kuwanikwa sechinhu chinowanikwa mumasaladi, nyama, huku, masoseji uye kunyange mupunga. Nokudaro, iyo yakawanda yakasikwa michero, hukuru hwayo, kunaka uye kukosha kwekudya. Kunze kwezvo, zvakajairika kuvawana vakaoma, kuibva uye kunyange muchimiro chekuchengetedza.
Kushandiswa kweDate Palm Leaf uye Huni
Mashizha nehuni date palmKubva kare kare vakashandisa zvisingaverengeki. Somuenzaniso, kuNorth Africa, shizha rayo rinoshandiswa pakuvaka matumba. Kuburikidza nemashizha akakura, vanoenderera mberi nekugadzira mabhasikiti, mateti, mafeni, pakati pevamwe. Kune rimwe divi, mapepa mushure memamwe maitiro akanakisa kuti ashandiswe mumabhodhi ekudzivirira. Mapodhi ane simba rekunhuhwirira. Uyezve, iyo fiber inowanikwa kubva pod inoshandiswa ku:
- machira akakora
- Tambo
- Hats
Iyo petiole, iyo inofananidzwa neiyo appendix yeshizha, kuburikidza iyo inobatanidza hunde, kana yakaoma, inopa kusimuka kune cellulose pulp, iyo inowanzoshandiswa muhove dzakasiyana-siyana dzakayangarara, mitsvairo, mafuta uye Canes. MuVenezuela, kunyanya paChitsuwa cheMargarita, iyo chete chitsuwa chenyika munyika ino, vanoshandisa muchindwe kugadzira "heti dzine buds" dzechinyakare. Saizvozvo, huni hunoshandiswa sematanda edzimba, zvikamu zvemabhaji, mapango, pakati pezvimwe.
date palm care
La date palm, inowanikwa zvikuru munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakaoma zvishoma, dzinofanira kutsungirira mwaka wezhizha. Kuti kunze kwekurebesa, idzo tembiricha yakakwira, uko kunaya kwemvura kushoma uye mwando wakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Naizvozvo, muchero une basa rekuibva pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka aya, uchiratidzira maitiro anotsanangurwa pazasi pamberi pezvinotevera zvinhu:
- Temperatura: Kunyangwe ichishingirira kuchinjika kwakasiyana kwemamiriro ekunze kwayakakura, inoda tembiricha kuti ive mukati memamwe matunhu, kuitira kuti iwane kukwidziridzwa kwakanyanya kwemichero yayo. Kukura kwayo kwakadzikama kunoitika pakati pe7°C ne32°C uye inogona kusvika 40°C. Kunze kwezvikamu izvi, kubudirira kunononoka uye kunyange kumira.
- Humidity: Muchero usati waibva, muti wemuchindwe unoda hunyoro kuti usvike pakukura kwawo nekukura. Mushure mekukura, hazvichadiwi kwauri. Asi, pane zvinopesana, kana nguva yemamiriro ekunze iri uye inoramba ichinyorova, fruiting yayo haina unhu hunotarisirwa.
- Substratum: Kunyangwe kusimukira kwaro kuchiitwa mumhando ipi neipi yevhu, rinowanzoita kuti ririmwe kunyanya muvhu rine jecha. Ukuwo, midzi yawo ine kurwisa kwakanyanya kumamiriro okunze asina kunaka anoitika mushure mekusanaya kwemvura uye munyu. Nekudaro, kune chirimwa ichi, iyo yakakwana pH ndiyo imwe mu6.
- Kudiridza: Kana dete palm iripo munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakanyanya, inokurudzirwa kuti idirirwe nguva nenguva. Zvisinei, kana kutonhora kuchibva kunodziya kusvika kuchando, zvinokurudzirwa kuderedza kudiridza, nokuti panguva iyi, kubuda kunoderera zvakanyanya, kunze kwekuti chirimwa chinoratidza kuderera kwekukura nekukura.
Date Palm Zvipembenene uye Zvirwere
Zvipembenene zvakakosha uye zvirwere zvinotambudza nhengo iyi inokosha ye Flora, anotevera:
- Iyo "red palm weevil" kana "red palm weevil", chiitiko chayo chinogona kuuraya muchindwe uye nepakati pemashizha ayo anotsemuka nekudonha.
- Iyo "red palm scale" inopera simba uye inomesa mashizha.
- Iyo "reddish beet" inomonyorora mashizha kusvika adonha.
- "Scolytidae yemhodzi yemichindwe", inyuchi inobaya michero, zvichiita kuti idonhe.
- Lasiodiplodia theobromae ifungus inovhiringidza hydration yechirimwa, zvichiita kuti mashizha aome uye ave necrotic.
- "Ngura yenhema" kana "char yemashizha", ifungus inobudisa mavara eyero pamashizha.
- Iyo "black rot" ifungus inokonzeresa kukombama kweiyo stipe.
