refer to the franz kafka anoshanda zvinotimanikidza kubata nenyaya yezviri kuseri kwezvinyorwa zvavo. Iyi nhoroondo yakasviba inovhara dandemutande rekurwa zviri pamutemo pakati peGermany neIsrael kuti rikodzere mabasa aFranz Kafka.
Mabasa aFranz Kafka
ari mabasa aFranz Kafka vakabatanidzwa mukukakavadzana kwepamutemo kwakaratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvinokatyamadza vaverengi. Imwe yemafungiro akabuda pachena ndeyekuti munyori ane mukurumbira, Fran Kafka, aisada kuti nyaya dzake dzibudiswe. Nhaka yemabasa aFranz Kafka yakapiwa nemunyori mumwe chete kune shamwari yake inodiwa Max Brod.
Zvisinei, shamwari iyi, mushure mekufa kwaKafka, yakabudisa zvimwe zvezvinomiririra mabasa ake anozivikanwa zvikuru. Zvave zvichizivikanwa kuti mune rimwe remabhanga eSwitzerland mune zvimwe zvinyorwa murunyoro rwaFranz Kafka.Zvinyorwa izvi hazvina kuburitswa.
Nezvikonzero izvi, vamwe vevaverengi vake vanosimbisa kuti zano riri shure kwemabasa aFranz Kafka rakanyanya Kafkaesque kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvake. Vakakomberedzwa nenyaya yezvakavanzika uye nemanomano.
Kupokana pamusoro pemabasa aFranz Kafka kunobva kune kwakabva munyori. Eya, akabva kudzinza rechiJudha, asi aitaura chiGerman. Nyika muguta rePrague uye izvi zvakaunza gakava pakati peNyika dzeIsrael neGermany, idzo dzainetsekana kutora nhaka yekunyora yemunyori ane mukurumbira uyu.
Mamwe mabasa naFranz Kafka akaiswa mubhokisi redhipoziti rakachengetedzeka mubhangi reMunich muSwitzerland iro rinogona kumiririra chimiro chitsva chisinganzwisisike mumabhuku ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Takatarisana nehondo iyi yemutemo, mutongi weSwitzerland akaona zvakakosha kubatanidza mabasa ose aFranz Kafka, achisiya Israeri ari mukundi.
Mashandiro anotengeswa, akabiwa uye anokweshwa nekatsi
Mushure mekutonga pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvaFranz Kafka, Dare Repamusorosoro rakapa mutongo wakatsigira Hurumende yeIsrael uye pakupedzisira mabhengi aidzivirira mamwe manyoro akavhurwa, uye vaongorori vakapihwa mvumo yekuita tsvakiridzo yakakodzera mufurati yaHoffe. muTel Aviv.
Pavakaita tsvakiridzo mubazi iri, vakakwanisa kuona kuti magwaro akanga akanganiswa, sezvo dzimwe katsi dzakakwanisa kutora ndokukonzera kukuvara. Vakakwanisawo kuwana mamwe mapepa mukati mefiriji yakanga isingashandiswi.
PaNational Library yeIsrael, Stefan Litt, anoshanda semuchengeti wevanhu, akapa hurukuro kune bepanhau reBritish "The Telegraph" achitaura kuti zvinyorwa zveFranz Kafka zvechokwadi zvakanga zvakuvadzwa nekatsi dzakakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwezvinyorwa. Iye akati:
“Vamwe vanga vakweshwa nekatsi, vamwe vanga vakatota »
Gare gare, muna 2013, muguta reMarbach, vagari vaviri veIsrael vakaenda kuCity Archives kuti vataure kuti vaiva nemamwe magwaro ekunyora nemaoko emunyori.
Aya manyoro akatorwa nemapurisa eGermany uye mushure mekurwisana kukuru kwepamutemo, mutongo wakaitwa wakatsigira Hurumende yeIsrael. Saizvozvo, Stefan Litt akaratidza kutenda kwake nekuedza kwakabvumira kubatanidzwa kwenhaka yaFranz Kafka muNational Library yeIsrael.
Pazasi tinotsanangura mabasa akatanhamara emunyori weCzech.
Franz Kafka nemabhuku ake
Sezvatakayambira, mabasa aFranz Kafka angadai asina kuwana mukurumbira wepasi rose wavanawo dai Max Brod asina kutyora vimbiso yake yekusaburitsa zvinyorwa zvake. Muna 1924 shamwari yepedyo yomunyori yakabudisa mamwe emabhuku ake.
Maererano nenyanzvi dzezvinyorwa, mabasa aFranz Kafka anowira mukati mehuzivi hwehuzivi hwekutaura, pamwe chete nehupenyu huripo. Iwe unogona zvakare kukoshesa zvinzvimbo zvake zvepfungwa mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika kwaanobvunza hutongi. Nekudaro, zvinhu izvi zvinozotsanangurwa gare gare pakutaura rimwe nerimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka.
Iyo metamorphosis imwe yemabasa aFranz Kafka
The metamorphosis ibasa rekunyora rakabudiswa muna 1915, iro rinotaura nyaya yekushandurwa kwaGregorio Samsa kuita chipembenene chinotyisa. Iyi nyaya chikamu chemutambo wemhuri we protagonist uye semhedzisiro yezviitiko zvinoitika mumhuri yake, metamorphosis inoburitswa.
Iri bhuku rine nhoroondo yenyaya iyo munyori ari kushandira paari. Dambudziko remagariro iro Franz Kafka ari kutarisana naro mubhuku rinonzi The Metamorphosis rinoreva kuti nyika yemazuva ano inodzima sei, mibvunzo uye inodzvinyirira vanhu uye kuti munhu wacho angatarisana sei nezvose izvi.
Shanduko kana metamorphosis inoitwa naGregorio Samsa inopa basa iri hunhu hwakasimba, izvo zvinopa kusimuka kune zvinyorwa zvezvisina musoro. Imwe yemitsara yake ine mukurumbira kubva mubasa iri:
"Kufungisisa zvakadzikama, zvakadzikama, zviri nani pane kuita sarudzo dzakaipa."
Tsanangudzo yemetamorphosis
Rimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka anonyanya kufarirwa ndeye "The Metamorphosis", nyaya yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Inoenderana nekushandurwa kana metamorphosis yaGregorio Samsa. Uyu hunhu unoita kuti muverengi atore rwendo achiperekedza mutengesi wemachira kuti ave chipembenene chinotyisa uye kuti shanduko iyi ichakanganisa sei hupenyu hwemhuri yake.
Chikamu chekutanga chemutambo "The Metamorphosis"
Gregorio Samsa mutengesi munyika dzemachira. Ane basa rokuriritira mhuri yake yose. Rimwe zuva anopepuka nekusagadzikana kwehope dzaainge arota. Uku kunzwa kusashivirira, kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana zvishoma nezvishoma zvinomushandura kuita chipembenene. Munyori anoirondedzera sechipembenene chinotyisa chine dumbu rakaputika, makumbo akawanda, uye goko rinotsiva musana waro. Zvakare, mhuka iyi ine shaya dzakasimba.
(…) Akamuka mamwe mangwanani mushure mekurota hope dzisina kugadzikana, akazviwana ari pamubhedha wake ashanduka kuita chipembenene chinotyisa.
Wechidiki protagonist aigara ari mutengesi ane mutoro uye aizadzisa zvaaisungirwa nebasa. Zvisinei, mushure mekuchinja kwake, akava nekunonoka kusina kujairika mubasa rake. Nechikonzero ichi, mumwe wevaanoshanda navo, Mutungamiriri weCompany, anoenda kunomutsvaga kumba kwake. Gregorio Samsa paanoona kuti Maneja auya achimutsvaga kumba kwake, anoedza kuvhura musuwo ndipo mhuri yake painoziva shanduko kana metamorphosis yakaitwa naGregorio Samsa.
Chikamu chechipiri
Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti Gregorio Samsa akashandurwa kuita chipembenene chinotyisa, mhuri yake haina nzira yekutsungirira iyi mamiriro emhuri matsva.
Baba vaGregorio Samsa vakashatirwa uye vanotonzwa kurambwa nemwanakomana wavo. Nekudaro, hanzvadzi yake Gretel anosvika pakunzwa tsitsi uye rudo kune mukoma wake. Anouya kuzonzwira mukoma wake tsitsi. Akatarisana nekurambwa nevabereki vake, Gretel anotora basa rekumuchengeta nekumudyisa. Akachenesawo mukamuri maigara chipembenene chacho.
Mushure mechinguva, hanzvadzi yake Gretel anotanga kuneta uye kunzwa arambwa nemukoma wake. Zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvinoramba zvichiitika semugumisiro wekushandurwa kwe protagonist. Vakadaro mai vake vachingoona vachifenda. Baba vake vanopomera mwanakomana wavo mhosva pane zvese zvanga zvichiitika mumhuri uye imwe nzira yekuratidza kumuzvidza ndeyekukanda apuro paari kuti anzwe manzwiro ekurambwa uye hasha.
Chikamu chechitatu
Sezvatarondedzera, Gregorio Samsa aive nebasa rekuriritira mhuri yake. Kutarisana nechokwadi chekushandurwa kuva bete, mhuri inotanga kunzwa ichityisidzirwa nemamiriro ehupfumi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanoita zvishoma mubhadharo yemhuri, mari, pakati pavo vanosimbisa kuderedza maawa emusikana. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanoita zvimwe zviito zvinobetsera kuunza mari yakawanda mumhuri, pakati pavo, vachirenda makamuri matsva mumusha wavo vamene.
Kurenda makamuri aya kunounza kusawirirana kwemukati pakati pemhuri nevaroja. Vanhu vatsva ava vari nhengo dzemhuri, vari kurojeswa mumakamuri aya, vari kunetsa zvikuru nekuchengetedza uye kucheneswa kwemba. Mhuri yaGregorio Samsa inoedza kuchengeta bete mumakamuri avo.
Rimwe zuva rakanaka, hanzvadzi yake Grete uyo aifarira kuridza violin anosarudza kuridza chiridzwa chevamwe vaenzi humwe husiku. Gregorio Samsa aida mimhanzi yehanzvadzi yake Grete uye saka akasarudza kuenda kunoteerera mimhanzi yeviolin iyoyo.
Chipembenene chinowanikwa nevaroja, avo, vachitya, vanobuda mumba, vasina kubhadhara mari yavo yemari. Mhuri yaGregorio Samsa yakanzwisisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya ane mhirizhonga uye haagone kutsungirirwa kwenguva refu. Gare gare, protagonist mumwechete anoonawo kuti mamiriro ake haana kunaka. Zvinosuruvarisa, anofunga kuzvivharira mumakamuri ake orega kudya. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, mushandikadzi anomuwana akafa mumakamuri ake. Usati wapinda kuti uongorore mamwe emabhuku anozivikanwa zvikuru aFranz Kafka, tinokukumbira kuti uteerere iyi pfupiso pfupi ine chinyorwa ichi chekuteerera.
Metamorphosis kuongorora
Kuti unzwisise nyaya dzinobatwa naFranz Kafka, zvinodikanwa kuti uzviwane nenguva. Iri bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1915, pakutanga chaipo peHondo Yenyika Yokutanga. Kurwisana uku kwehondo kunoteverwa neshanduko yeRussia.
Sezvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa, nguva iyi yezvakaitika kare yakaratidzwa nekukakavadzana kwezvematongerwe enyika, zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro evanhu izvo nzanga yenguva iyoyo yaifanira kutarisana nayo. Pakati pehunhu hunotanhamara munzanga ino ndehwekuzvibata.
Misoro yebasa
Mubhuku iri Franz Kafka anobata nemamwe madingindira akakosha akadai sekuzivikanwa, hukama uye udyire, chiremera, pamwe nekusurukirwa uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Ngatikudziridzei zvinhu izvi.
Kuzivikanwa
Sezvatakambotaura, protagonist Gregorio Samsa aive nebasa rekutsigira mhuri yake. Mushure mechiitiko nechiroto, anotanga kushandura kuita chipembenene. Iyi metamorphosis inotanga kudzima hunhu mukuzivikanwa kwake. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chitarisiko chake uye zvaanoreva kumhuri yake zvinotapurwa. Vanotanga kudzima, kunyangarika, kushanduka kuita chimwe chinhu.
Naizvozvo, protagonist anotambura dambudziko rekuzivikanwa. Kubva pakuva munhu wepakati mumhuri yake, iye zvino anove akarambwa, akarambwa uye akarwiswa. Muchidimbu, kuve munhu akakosha kumhuri yake, anoona kuti mushure mekushandurwa kwake anove mutoro kuvabereki vake nehanzvadzi yake.
hukama uye udyire
Mukati mechirevo cherimwe remabhuku aFranz Kafka anonyanyozivikanwa, munyori anosuma musoro wekuti hukama hwemhuri hunogona sei kupesvedzerwa nehudyire. Mupfungwa iyi, nepo Gregorio Samsa aipa raramo yezvemari yezvokudya, zvokupfeka, shangu, kubhadhara mabasa anokosha emhuri yake, akagamuchirwa, anodiwa nokuremekedzwa. Nekudaro, achibatwa neshanduko iyi, mhuri yake inoderedza protagonist mukukanganwa uye kuzvidzwa.
Chiremera
Imwe yemadingindira inobata basa raFranz Kafka mukugadzirisa mametamorphosis ndeyekushungurudzwa kwechiremera. Muenzaniso weizvi ndipo apo Maneja anoenda kunotsvaga Gregorio Samsa nekuda kwekunonoka kusingaite kweMushandi wake. Achiona shanduko inotyisa iyi yakaitwa naGregorio, maneja anokanganwa kuti anga ari mushandi akanakisa sei. Zvadaro, anoshandisa simba rake zvisizvo oita ushingi hwokumushora uye kumunyadzisa pamberi pemhuri yake pamusana pemashandiro ake.
Imwe chokwadi chakashata pamusoro pekushandiswa zvisizvo kwechiremera ndicho icho baba vaGregorio Samsa vanoshandisa paari. Nyaya iyi hainonoki kumunyadzisa nekumushoora nekuda kwechimiro chake chinotyisa. Pamusoro pezvo, anochema-chema nenyaya yekuti akange asisakwanise kuchengeta imba yake.
mhosva uye kushungurudzika
Gregorio Samsa aine basa rekutsigira mhuri yake, nekuda kweshanduko iyi inotyisa, anonzwa aine mhosva. Kana iyo metamorphosis inotanga mumuviri wake, anoona kusaita kwekuenda kunoshanda nechitarisiko ichocho. Uyewo, anonzwa aine mhosva uye anogumbuka kuti maneja akamudzinga basa. Zvose izvi zvinowira mukunzwa mutoro wemhosva yekutadza kuriritira mhuri yake.
Iyo protagonist inogumisa kuti zviri nani kufa uye kusanzwa akasiiwa nemhuri yake uye iye pachake. Kutadza kuriritira mhuri yake sezvaainge agara achiita kunomushungurudza ofunga kufa nenzara.
kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa
Kuburikidza nenyaya yerimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka ane mukurumbira, tinogona kuona kuti protagonist ane hupenyu hwakaderedzwa zvakajeka kushanda. Upenyu hwake hwakanga huri pakutsigira mhuri yake. Chokwadi chokuti anogara nababa vake, amai nehanzvadzi yake hazvirevi kuti aiva noupenyu hunofadza, asi kuti akanga ari oga uye ari oga. Haana shamwari, haana vaanoshanda navo vakanaka, uye kunyange hukama husina hutano hwakanaka nemhuri yake. Wekupedzisira aingokoshesa Gregorio Samsa paaipa mari yake.
Gregorio Samsa anoona kusurukirwa uku paanotanga kushanduka kuita chipembenene chinotyisa. Mushure mekushandurwa, Gregorio Samsa anoona kuti vadikani vake vanomuzvidza sei, vanomuparadzanisa, vanomuramba uye vanomuramba nekuda kwechitarisiko chake.
Ichi chinozivikanwa chimiro chimwe chezvinhu izvo, kune dzimwe nyanzvi mumabasa aFranz Kafka, zvakakosha pakuongorora kwavo. Ichi chokwadi chinobuda mubasa chine davidzo huru nehupenyu hwemunyori. Vakawanda vanoonesa kuti akanga achinongedzera kuukama hwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwechiremera chababa nomunyori. Zvino, zviri kwatiri kuti tigadzirise mamwe mabasa naFranz Kafka, «Contemplation» pane izvi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uteerere kune inotevera audiovisual zvinyorwa.
Kufungisisa rimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka
Iri ndiro rimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka. Rakanga riri bhuku rekutanga kuburitswa nemunyori muna 1912. Iri muunganidzwa wenganonyorwa gumi nesere dziri pedyo nenhetembo pane nganonyorwa. Iri basa rinogonawo kuwanikwa pamusika pasi pezita rekuti "Kufungisisa" kana "Maonero".
Dzakawanda dzenyaya idzi dzinobata nyaya yekuparadzana pakati penyika chaiyo nenyika yemukati memunhu. Imwe nyaya yarinobata nayo kurwisana kwemunhu netsika dzakatarwa nenharaunda. Kuumba misoro iyi, munyori anoshandisa yatinoti fananidzo. Ichi chinyorwa chinobvumira Franz Kafka kuti asvike kune zviratidzo kupfuura tsika nekudzidzisa. Idzi nyaya dzinoburitsa hunhu hwekunyora uye chimiro chinozoratidzira Franz Kafka muhupenyu hwake semunyori.
Iyi seti yenyaya pfupi dzakanyorwa naFranz Kafka dzinotsanangurwa naOscar Caeiro sebhuku rezvidiki. Munyori webhuku re "Contemplation" aive nehanya nekuronga imwe neimwe yenyaya idzi nenzira yakarongeka. Muverengi anokurudzirwa kuiverenga saizvozvo, kuti anzwisise zviri mungano gumi nesere.
Semuenzaniso, Franz Kafka anobata nemadingindira ehupenyu hwemazuva ese. Chii chinogona kugara muguta uye munzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Nyaya dzake dzinoratidza munhu azere nekushungurudzika, asi asingaregi kutarisa zviitiko zviri kuitika muguta. "Vana mumugwagwa" ndiyo nyaya inovhura "Kufungisisa."
Dzimwe nyaya dzinotsanangura zviito zvakaita sekufamba kamwe kamwe. Saizvozvowo, rinorondedzera hupenyu hwemunhu wemudhorobha semutengesi. Uye haaigona kupotsa dzimwe nhetembo dzinoratidza munyori sezvakatsanangurwa mu "Miti." Anovhara basa rake, nenyaya yakanyanyisa, ine musoro unoti "Kusafara". Kune nyanzvi mune zvinyorwa zvezvisina musoro, inosvika pakureba kwenyaya. Zvisinei, nhetembo ichiripo mubasa rose re "Contemplation."
Tsanangudzo yeimwe neimwe yerondedzero yaFranz Kafka inobvumira muverengi kuva nemifananidzo yakafanana nemufananidzo kana mufananidzo wezviri kuitika. Pasinei nedaro rechinguvana rinoparadzanisa muravi nebasa, anovaswededza pedyo kupfurikidza neiyi mienzanisiro yokufananidzira.
Zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa mu "Contemplation" zvinounza nhetembo pedyo neprose. Kuburikidza nenyaya, mifananidzo, pfungwa, zvipoko uye kugomera zvinogadzirwa. Iyo yakanaka atypical nzira yekutaura nyaya.
Kafka's Diaries
Makore matatu asati afa, Franz Kafla anokwanisa kunyora mabhukwana madiki gumi nematatu anogadzirisa misoro yezvaanofunga nezvehupenyu hwake uye nemabhuku. Inobata zvakare nenyaya dzine chekuita nehushamwari, bonde, pakati pezvimwe. Tanga kabhuku kekutanga nemutsara:
"(...) vaoni vanoomesa kana chitima chichipfuura."
Kabhuku kekupedzisira kanovhara nemutsara unoburitsa manzwiro ekushushikana nekufunganya izvo munyori anogona kusangana nazvo pakuita mabasa avo. Mabasa aFranz Kafka anogara achiratidza manzwiro aya ekushungurudzika. Inobatanidza manzwiro emunyori nenzira inotevera.
(...) «ndiye munyori akanyatsoratidza zana remakore rechi20 uye uyo anogona saka kutorwa sechiratidzo chayo chinonyanya kukosha».
Aya madhayari akanyorwa, pasina kutevedzana kupi nokupi kwokuverengwa kwenguva. Pakati penyaya pane zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura, kurondedzera uye kujekesa vamwe vatambi, pamwe nemamiriro enzvimbo.
"The Diaries" raive rimwe remabhuku aFranz Kafka, asina kuitirwa kuburitswa. Isu vaverengi tingadai tisina kuwana nyaya idzi dai shamwari yake inodiwa isina kuregeredza zvishuwo zvekupedzisira zvaFranz Kafka. Mumabhukwana aya, anomutsa zvakavanzika zvake zvepedyo, zvishuwo uye kuvhiringidzika. Mukuwedzera, anorondedzera kureurura kune chokuita nemabhuku ake ezvinyorwa.
Pane imwe nguva, Franz Kafka, kana achitaura nezvebasa iri, anobvuma izvozvo
(...) "Ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kubvisa makumbo angu kubva pasi petafura, ndakanyarara kubva pakugara kwenguva refu".
Rondedzero iyi imhaka yekunetsekana kwaakaitwa nemuviri wake panguva yekunyorwa kwemadhiri. Zvino, tichakuudza nezvebasa rekunyora re "Kutongwa". Usati watanga, tinokurudzira kuti uteerere kune inotevera audiovisual zvinyorwa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQNbi8UuAHQ
Mutongo
Basa rekunyora rinonzi "Mutongo", maererano nevamwe vatsoropodzi, rakabatana nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakatungamirirwa nemunyori nababa vake. Achitorwa serimwe remabasa akanakisa aFranz Kafka, munyori mumwecheteyo anoritsanangura sezvizvi.
"Shamwari ndiyo inobatanidza pakati pababa nemwanakomana ... Georg anofunga kuti ane baba vake mukati make uye anofunga kuti zvinhu zvose hazvina maturo, kunze kweimwe fugue uye kuora mwoyo."
Mumashoko aFranz Kafka pachake, kukwidziridzwa kwenyaya kunoratidza kuti kubva pakubatana pakati peshamwari nababa kunobuda pachena uye kunova kurwisana kunodzokororwa. George akasimbiswa nezvimwe zvisungo zvakajairika serudo, kunamatira kuna amai vake uye ndangariro inosuruvarisa yavo.
Basa rekunyora "Kutongwa" rinotarisa musoro wedambudziko rehukama hwakashata pakati pababa neshamwari. Ukama hunokakavadzana uhu hunoisa pamusoro pechirongwa: kurwadziwa, kuzvidzora, manzwiro ekuzvipa mhosva uye kufunganya.
Iri basa rinoenderanawo nemanzwiro akasviba zvakanyanya evanhu akadai sekutya. Ukuwo, mune zvimwe zvakanyorwa mumadhayari ake netsamba, munyori anoratidza kutya kwaaifunga kuti zvinhu zvokunze zvaizopinda muupenyu hwake pachake. Saizvozvowo, akanyora kuti aitya kuti chokwadi chake chaigona kukanganisa rusununguko rwake rwomukati.
rusvingo rweChinese
Munyori ane mukurumbira Franz Kafka, mumakore gumi okutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, akabudisa nhevedzano yemabhuku, pakati pawo pakanga pane rimwe rine musoro unoti The Wall. Ngano iyi inofamba nekuenzanisa kwemadziro eChinese kuti iendese muverengi kunyaya yake. Anorondedzera kuti anozviona sei somugari womumwe wemisha iri kumaodzanyemba kweChina.
Uyu hunhu hunoyambuka nharaunda yakakura yeImperial China kuti ishande pakuvaka yatinoziva seGreat Wall yeChina. Iri basa rine ruzivo rwakakura nezve nzira iyo huru iyi gadziriro yakavakwa. Kune vamwe, Franz Kafka akaona kuvakwa kukuru.
Chirevo chisingagoneki nekuda kwekusavapo kwenguva pakati pemunyori uye zuva rekuvakwa kweichi chinoshamisa cheinjiniya yekumabvazuva.
Chinese wall building system
Chikamu chekutanga chebasa chinobata nehurongwa hwekuvaka hwemadziro eChinese. Mupfungwa iyi, rinotsanangura nzira dzakashandiswa nemadzimambo enguva idzodzo. Maererano nenyaya dzaFranz Kafka, kuvaka uku kwakaitwa nemapoka evanhu 20 vaiumba aidana kuti zvikwata. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanhu ava vachapiwa mabasa, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo uye nzvimbo.
Mukuwedzera, rimwe boka revanhu kana vashandi rinowanikwa imwe nhamba yemamita kubva kune yekutanga. Zvavaiva kumadokero, vakapiwa basa rokuvaka mamwe mamita 500 kureba kworusvingo rweChinese, asi kune rumwe rutivi. Nenzira iyi vashandi vose vachasangana pakati pekuvaka.
Iyi sisitimu yekuvaka yakanangana nekudzikisa mwero wekuoma kwepfungwa kune wega wega wevanhu vakaumba zvikwata. Saizvozvowo, yakavagovera kurongeka panguva yokuvaka mamita ane chiuru orusvingo.
Pakati pehukama hunoitwa naFranz Kafka ndeyekuti vashandi ava pavakapedza kuvaka kwemamita 500 avo ekutanga kureba. Mupfungwa iyi, vakapiwa chikamu chimwe chetecho chekuvaka. Zvisinei, vakabatsirwa nokuvabvumira kuti vaende kumba kunozorora. Kuenda kudzimba dzavo kwakavaswededza pedyo nekudziya kwemhuri. Vaizivikanwa nemisha yavo semagamba. Pashure pacho, vanofanira kudzokera kuti vaenderere mberi nechikamu chitsva chokuvaka.
Mabhenefiti aya aive akakosha zvakanyanya kunhengo dzezvikwata. Vakaturikira mukudzikisira mazinga ekushushikana, emonotony. Izvi zvakavakurudzira kuti vaenderere mberi nebasa guru ravakanga vachigadzira. Franz Kafka akafunga kuti vashandi ava vaive chikamu chemadziro eChinese pachawo.
Zvinoreva hurongwa hwekuvaka madziro
Kutsoropodza kwakaitwa naFranz Kafka maererano nehurongwa hwekuvaka ndeyekuti zvikamu zviviri izvi hazvina kupedzisira zvabatana, asi zvaive zvikamu zvisingaenderane. Mupfungwa iyi, chinangwa chekuchengetedza China uye kuve yekudzivirira sisitimu chakave chisina maturo. Kubva pamaonero emunyori, vapambi vanotama-tama vaitambudza humambo hweChinese panguva iyoyo vaigona kupinda pakati pepakati.
Kupera kwenyaya
Kupera kwenyaya kunoita nhevedzano yedissertation pamadziro eChinese. Munyori anoita nhevedzano yedissertation pane sarudzo dzakatorwa neChinese Empire. Kuna Kafka, sarudzo idzi hadzina kukanganisa hupenyu hwemutambi, kwete kumubatsira kana kukuvadza.
Upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu vake hwakapfuura, maererano nemaitiro enguva yacho. Iyo nyaya inopera, pane kuita yakatevedzana yemibvunzo yekuti sei protagonist ari kuzovaka rusvingo rweChinese.
Tsamba kuna baba rimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka
Sezvatakambotaura, Franz Kafka aiva neukama hwakaoma nababa vake Hernnán Kafka. Bhuku rekunyora rine musoro unoti "Tsamba kuna baba" rinoreva kureurura kwemanzwiro akaipa zvikuru ayo munyori akasvika pakunzwa semugumisiro wehukama ihwohwo.
Pakati pemanzwiro anomira pane kutya, kutsamwa, kuvhiringidzika, kugumbuka. Aya manzwiro erima aive kurudziro iyo Franz Kafka akawana pakugadzirwa kwetsamba iyi yakazova basa rekunyora.
"Tsamba kuna baba" inotanga semamwe matsamba ayo mwanakomana anganyorera baba vake. Zvisineyi, pane zvinhu zvakawanda izvo munyori aifanira kutaura kuna baba vake, izvo zvakaguma zvave bhuku rekunyora.
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti "Tsamba kuna Baba" inoreva nyaya kana zvikamu zvehupenyu hwake, ichokwadiwo kuti Franz Kafka pachake anoreurura kuti angave achiwedzeredza ndangariro dzake dzehuduku zvishoma.
Iri nderimwe remabasa ehunyanzvi aFranz Kafka anouya kuchiedza, makore makumi maviri nemashanu mushure mekufa kwemunyori. Franz Kafka akapa muurayi wake neshamwari, Max Brod, zvinyorwa zvake uye akarayira kuti azvipise. Poe kune chikamu chake, Brod, anosarudza kuburitsa seti yemabasa naFranz Kafka, kunyangwe chikumbiro chakajeka chakaitwa nemunyori kuparadza mabasa ese aya.
Tsamba yepfupiso kuna baba
"Tsamba kuna baba" inotanga nenhoroondo yemamiriro ezvinhu ayo Franz Kafka akawana muhuduku hwake uye akazoti kubva kuna baba vake. Pakati pezvaanotaura itsika dzekudzidzisa dzaakashandisa kusimudza munyori. Harisi basa rengano, asi iro rakavakirwa zvachose pahupenyu hwemunyori ane mukurumbira Franz Kafka.
Zvisinei nekuti tsamba iyi yaive nemunhu akaitambira, haana kumbotambira tsamba iyi, nekuti munyori wayo haana kumboshinga kumutumira zvaive mutsamba.
Kuburikidza ne "Tsamba kuna baba" unogona kuona kuti vaviri vanotungamira vanopikiswa sei. Baba vanorondedzerwa somunhu akasimba uye anoorora, mukuru, ane simba, akafara uye ane mudzimu wokukunda. Baba vanombundikira bhizinesi, hupenyu, mwanakomana. Mutambi uyu anosiyana kana kusiyana nemwanakomana anotsanangurirwa nemunyori seasina kuchengeteka, mudiki, mutete, kushaya kuzvivimba, zvichireva kusazvitarisira pasi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinodzokororwa mukati mekugadzirwa ndechekuti mwanakomana anogara ari pasi pababa. Nemamwe mashoko, hunhu hwake hunogara huchiratidzwa nemwero wakati wekushomeka pakubata nababa. Kana hunhu nehunhu hwevatambi vese vaburitswa, hukama hwekushandisa masimba zvisina kunaka hunorondedzerwa. Zvisinei, munyori anorwisa baba vake, achivatuka nokuda kwokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakaitwa kupfurikidza nemirayiro nemirayiro yaakapa mwanakomana wake, asi iyo yaasina kushandisa muupenyu hwake amene.
Muchidimbu, anomuzvidza nokuda kwokusava netsika dzakakwana dzokuisa iyi mitemo paari. Maitiro epatafura, kana, sezvaaive wedzinza remaJuda, musinagoge, yaive mienzaniso yekuti baba vake, kubva mukuona kwaFranz Kafka, vaizviisa pamusoro pemutemo.
Zvisinei, pasinei nokuzvidzwa uku kwenguva refu, Franz Kafka anobvisa baba vake pamutoro wose. Iye mushure mekutuka kwese uku anoona kuti haana mhosva. Eya, mitoo yokudzidzisa, akairuramisa kupfurikidza nouduku hwakashata hwaaifanira kuva nahwo.
Inotova fungidziro pamusoro petapuro isina kunaka iyo iyi miitiro yedzidzo yakava nayo paari. Munyori akafunga kuti vakanga vamukanganisa zvakanyanya, chaizvo nekuda kwehunhu hwake husina kusimba uye kusachengeteka.
Kuzvidzwa kwacho kunoendeswawo kumabatiro akaitwa nababa kuna amai vake, hanzvadzi dzake uye kunyanya vashandi vemuchitoro icho baba vake vaive nehunhu hwakaipisisa uye hweudzvinyiriri. Kuna Franz Kafka maitiro aya akaganhurana nekuvabata semarara. Saizvozvowo, anomuzvidza nokuda kwekutuka kwakaguma nenhevedzano yekutuka, uko kumunyori wacho kwakanga kwakasimba zvikuru uye kunonyadzisa.
Chimwe chezvakazarurwa izvo Franz Kafka anoita mu "Tsamba kuna baba vake" ndizvo chaizvo hukama hwaanouya kuve nevashandi. Chitoro ichocho chaimirira nzvimbo yokuripa kukuvadza kwababa kuvanhu vakanga vatambura kunyadziswa ikoko kwaiitwa vashandi vababa vavo.
Kune nyanzvi yezvepfungwa, mutoro uye zvinoreva kuti basa rekunyora iri rakaburitsa huwandu hukuru hwekuongorora hukama hwaivepo pakati paHernnán Kafka naFranz Kafka. Saizvozvowo, inoonekwa pakati pekuongorora uku kuti tsamba iyi yaive chigadzirwa icho Franz Kafka akasvika pakuziva nezve mabasa e. sigmund fruud books.
Vanhu
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti tsamba iyi yakanga isina kurongerwa kuva basa rekunyora, vanyori vakuru ve "Tsamba kuna Baba" ndiHernnán Kafka naFranz Kafka. Zvakare, mamwe mavara saamai vake, hanzvadzi dzake, vashandi vechitoro vanosefa.
Chokwadi kana ngano
Sezvatakanyevera, tsamba iyi haisi yenhema, asi yakavakirwa zvakananga pahupenyu hwaFranz Kafka uye ukama hwake nababa vake. Kunyangwe kufemerwa kwetsamba iyi kuri kwechokwadi zvachose, pane zvinhu zvinobvumira kuti ishandiswe nengano, nekuti pakupedzisira tinoona kuti Franz Kafka anozvipa sei mhinduro nekubatanidza baba vake. Nemamwe mashoko, sokunge kuti baba vake vakanga vachipindura nhevedzano iyoyo yezvichemo.
introspection
Franz Kafka anoshandisa nzira yekufungidzira panguva yekuvandudzwa kwetsamba. Zvakanaka, anoita nhevedzano yekufungisisa pamusoro pemabatiro ayo aya maitiro ekudzidzisa akaitwa nababa vake pahupenyu hwake. Saizvozvowo, inoreva maitiro aanofanira kuita patafura, pamwe chete nemusinagogi. Nekune rumwe rutivi, inotsanangura nhevedzano yezvikamu muhuduku hwake uye pamusoro pekukosha uye kutsoropodza, kunyanya kuna baba vake, pamusoro pekubudirira kwaakaita, zvose mupfungwa uye mubhizinesi.
Mhedziso dzetsamba kuna baba vake
"Tsamba kuna baba" nderimwe remabhuku aFrank Kafka anotaura nezvenyaya dzepedyo, dzinoshungurudza uye dzakadzama dzemunyori uye dzinotitungamira kuti tiwane nyika yake yemukati. Saizvozvo, inotiratidza kunobva miziyamu yakamufemera mumabasa ake akasiyana.
Uyezve, "Tsamba kuna Baba" inofanirwa-kuverengerwa kune chero munhu anoda kunzwisisa mamwe mabhuku aFranz Kafka. Zvakanaka, ine zvikonzero uye kurudziro yemamwe mabhuku ekunyora aFranz Kafka.
Zvakare "Tsamba kuna baba" inova rondedzero inokwezva muverengi. Inopa chimiro uye kuumbwa kweharmonic, zvakajeka izvo zvinoita kuti tinzwisise kunetseka kunodarika kunyora tsamba kana kuburitswa kwababa vake.
Chinonyanya kufadza pabhuku renganonyorwa iri ndechekuti rinosiya muverengi aine nhevedzano yemibvunzo inoita kuti afungisise nezveupenyu hwemumwe nemumwe waakava nawo.
Tsamba kuna Milena rimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka
"Tsamba kuna Milena" nderimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka anoratidza zvakanyanya hukama hwepamoyo uye kunzwisiswa kwemunyori webasa rakakurumbira Metamorphosis. Milena Jenseká akanga ari mukadzi akaroorwa naErnst Pollak, murume akachenjera akanga asina kutendeka kwaari. Ainzwa ari oga.
Vaviri ava vaigara muguta reVienna. Uyu mukadzi wechidiki wekuCzech aive nehupenyu hwakaoma. Baba vake vakatombomuvharira, kwechinguva, muchipatara chepfungwa kuti vaone kana aizosiya pfungwa yekuroora uyu munyori webohemian.
Mukadzi wechidiki uyu anonzi ndiye akaturikira akawanda emabhuku nezvinyorwa zvaFranz Kafka muchiCzech. Uyu muunganidzwa wetsamba uyo Franz Kafka akanyorera Milena Jenseká unobatanidza nhambo yamakore maviri, pakati pa1920 na1922. Kune rumwe rutivi, uyu mukadzi anoratidzira kupokanidza kwose kwakamuka mukati moumambo hweHabsburg.
Mavara kuna Milena anoratidza hukama hwepedyo pakati pemunyori naMilena. Mabviro etsamba idzi anotangira muna Kubvumbi 1920 apo munyori aigara pamudyandigere muOttoburg kumaodzanyemba. Franz Kafka akarwara nechirwere chemapapu chakamumanikidza kuti adye chikafu chemuriwo uye aive netsika yekumanikidzira yekutsenga kuruma kwega kwega makumi matatu. Achigamuchira tsamba mbiri kubva kuCzech pwere, Milena, anogadzirira kupindura idzi tsamba.
Mavara ega atinogona kuverenga kubva kuna Franz Kafka anoratidza hukama hwepedyo, kuzviisa pasi, fungidziro, fungidziro yemunyori. Mupfungwa iyi, inokwanisa kukwezva vaverengi, avo vanobva vangobatirira pabasa.
Mariri anorondedzera kuoma kwehupenyu hwake, kutyisa kwaaifanira kurarama, asina mari uye kudya zvishomanana nekuda kwekupora kwaiitwa nemapapu ake. Kubva mutsamba iyi kusimba mukunyora kunowedzera.
Nyanzvi ye nzara
Basa rerondedzero "An Artist of Hunger" nderimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka akafadza vaverengi vake. Icho chimiro chaFranz Kafka pachake, akatambura nechirwere chemapapu ake. Chirwere ichi chinomumanikidza kuti adzokere kumba kwevabereki vake mugore ra 1924. Chirwere ichi chinomutsa tibhii yakaipisisa, izvo zvinoita kuti apedze nguva yakareba ari muchipatara kuti arape chirwere ichi chinorwadza.
Convalescent, atove muchipatara chetibhii, aingokwanisa kurarama kuburikidza nezvinwiwa. Kuenzanisa uku kunobva pabutiro rebhuku racho. Iine mufananidzo wemurume ane nzara uyo nenzira imwe neimwe anofananidzira mazuva ekupedzisira aFranz Kafka.
Mutambo uyu unobata nedingindira rekuti munhu ari kure, mutete uye anorwadziswa murume. Anonzwa kuremerwa nechaunga chinomukomba muchitokisi chaakavharirwa. Anoshanda semuimbi musekisi, anozvitsaurira kuti ave nyanzvi nekukurumidza, ndiko kuti, anofa nenzara akavharirwa mukeji.
Kazhinji, voruzhinji vanopinda circus vanofuratira. Rimwe zuva rakanaka, maneja anomubvunza kana achine nzara. Pakupedzisira, anomuudza kuti chikonzero chaasingadyi chinhu ndechokuti haana kuwana chero chikafu chaaida, ndokubva afa.
Kare, muitiro wokutsanya kana kuti nzara vaimbi vairangarirwa kuva nyanzvi dzenhau uye vaityiwa navose. Zvakare iri nderimwe remabasa aFraz Kafka anga aine dudziro dzakasiyana. Saizvozvowo, inoburitsa madingindira anoburitswa nemunyori mubasa rake rose, sekuti, kuburitswa kwenyaya semubairo wenharaunda inomudzikisira. Mukuwedzera, anoomerera padingindira rekusurukirwa.
Muchiitiko ichi, munhu anotsanya, mumiririri, aigona kumiririra munhu mutsvene, kana kuti neimwe nzira yokufananidzira, aimiririra Jesu Kristu pachake, aigara akakomberedzwa nevoruzhinji uye nevashandi vesekasi, kuti vaone kuti munhu mutsvene.
Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanofunga kuti inogona kunge iri ratidziro kana fananidzo yeaya maitiro asina kunaka enzanga anoramba uye anofuratira vanhu avo neimwe nzira vanomiririra kushaya simba, kuzvitarisira pasi uye kushaya simba.
penal colony
Iri nderimwe remabasa mapfupi aFranz Kafka, anoita kuti kuverenga kusingafadzi kune vaverengi vayo. Inoreva dingindira remudziyo unotyisa unotambudza nekuuraya vagari vanogara munharaunda isina kutaurwa. Iyi nzvimbo inotongwa nehurumende yehurumende inotyora hunhu hwese hwenguva iyoyo nevagari vayo.
Chigadzirwa ichi chine zvinhu zvinouraya izvo zviri kutonhodza. Chinonyanya kukosha kujekesa mubasa iri ndechokuti munhu anenge abatwa anotorwa kunourayiwa pasina kutongwa kwakamboitwa. Uyewo haapiwi mukana wekuzvidzivirira. Munhu anenge abatwa nemhosva anotongerwa rufu kana kuti rufu kana akapara mhosva diki.
Vanhu vazhinji havafariri rudzi urwu rwemabhuku, zvisinei, vateveri vaFranz Kafka havashamiswe kuti munyori akapa ruzivo rwemuchina unouraya mubasa iri. Sezvatakataura mumabasa apfuura, panogara paine meseji yakavanzika iyo munyori anoedza kutipa.
Hunhu
Mu "La colony penitentiary" nhamba huru ina dzinobuda, dzatichataura pazasi.
Mukuru
Hunhu uhu hunoonekwa nekuve munhu asina tsitsi, asina chero rudzi rwemanzwiro emunhu. Ndiye ane basa rekutsanangura kushanda kwemuchina uyu wekurwadzisa nerufu. Zvematongerwo enyika zvakashatisa munhu uyu zvekusvika pakufananidzwa nechikara. Kusingazununguswi nechokwadi chokuti kukanganisa uye kusaruramisira kuri kuitwa kune akabatwa
Muongorori
Uyu hunhu ane mvumo yevakuru vehurumende vakamubvumidza kuenda kujeri rezvirango. Muongorori achaona kuurayiwa kwese kwemunhu, nemamwe mazwi, achakwanisa kuona kuti anotambudzwa sei. Saizvozvo, iwe unozoona magadzirirwo avanoita uye nekuiisa mumushini unouraya munhu akabatwa.
Pakutanga kwekuita, muongorori haanzwi chero rudzi rwemanzwiro; pane kudaro, inoratidza kumwe kutonhora. Zvisinei, sezvo rimwe nerimwe rematanho okutambudzwa rinopfuura, anonzwa kuvhiringidzika uye anotoona kuti nzira yacho inova isina unhu sei. Kune muongorori, munhu ane basa rekushandisa muchina uyu munhu ane hutsinye uye ane hutsinye.
Murwi
Musoja ndiye munhu ane mhosva yekukunda, kugadzirira nekuisa vanopomerwa mumidziyo iyi yekurwadziswa nerufu. Sezvo chiitiko chekurwadziswa nerufu chiri chemuchina, hunhu uhu hwave kushaya simba. Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, musoja anogona kunge akagumburwa mukati mekuita. Naizvozvo, anoita zvikanganiso uye anototsauswa. Iwe unogona kunyange kurara panguva yekuurayiwa pasina kuzvidemba.
vakapiwa mhosva
Uyu hunhu anoratidza manzwiro ekushushikana uye kuteterera pamberi pevanomuuraya. Harinzwisisi, kunyange mutauro wevanhu vachariuraya. Izvo hazvizivi nemaitiro achaendeswa. Ndakasvika pakunzwira musoja tsitsi.
Analysis
Mukuru anomiririra simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye ruoko rwekutonga rwehurumende mukuderera kuti, mukurwadziswa nerufu, anoda kuramba ari musimba. Kune chikamu chayo, muongorori anofanana nemaonero eruzhinji rwepasirese kana masangano epasirese. Kuburikidza nemasangano aya inyaya yekushora kushungurudzwa, mhosva nekutyorwa kwehurongwa hwese hwekukosha kwevanhu vemazuva ano. Zvisinei, anosarudza kuramba akanyarara.
Kune rumwe rutivi, musoja chiratidzo chemauto ehondo, ayo anonyatsogumira kuita mirairo yehutongi hunoderera. Pakupedzisira, vakapomerwa vanomiririra vanhu vakakundwa, vasina simba, vanotongwa nehurumende mukuderera. Hunhu uhu hunorarama pasi pekusagadzikana uye kutya. Kune vamwe, protagonist yechokwadi chishandiso chinotambudza uye kuuraya nenzira isina tsitsi.
Kupedzisa, iri nderimwe remabasa ayo munyori akatipa, nenzira yakashata, iyo inogona kunge iri chibereko chekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.
Iyo nzira
Maitiro acho ndemamwe emabasa aFranz Kafka atingadai tisina kukwanisa kunakidzwa dai Max Brod asina kuiburitsa mushure mekufa kwemunyori. Iri basa rinotaura nyaya yaJosef K. Uyu munhu aive pamba apo vakangoerekana vaenda kunomusunga vasingazive chikonzero. Akaendeswa kumatare edzimhosva asingazive kuti aipomerwa mhosva yei.
Maitiro ehurumende yemasangano epamutemo aibata nyaya yake haana kumubvumira kuti atange kuzvidzivirira kwake. Pasina kuziva chikonzero nei vaimupomera, zano reimwe yenhau dzomunyori rinobuda, izvo zvinonetsa kunzwisisa kuvazhinji.
Iri basa rinoratidzira zvinhu zvitanhatu zvakakosha panguva yekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa. Zvinhu zvitanhatu izvi zvinokudziridzwa muzvitsauko gumi zvinoumba basa racho. Dingindira rakanangana nemaitiro ekutonga anorarama naiye protagonist Josef K., asingafi akazoona kuti imhosva ipi yaari kupomerwa.
Scenarios
Zvimwe ndezvezviitiko izvo munyori anoisa pachikuva, pakati pavo, imba ye protagonist panguva yekusungwa, pamwe nebhangi iro Josef K anoshanda.Anopawo matare semamwe mamiriro uye imba yegweta. ndiani achatora nyaya ye protagonist.
Pfungwa huru
Kuburikidza nechirongwa, munyori anoburitsa pfungwa yekuti nzira chete yekuti muparidzi abude muhurongwa hwakaoma uhwu yaive yekureurura mhosva yechinhu chaasingazive. Inosimbisa pfungwa yekuti matare haamboregi anopomerwa mhosva. Zvinoita sekuti munyori anoda kuvanza kutsoropodzwa kwevanhu kwemasangano emagariro emazuva ano.
Chechipiri chakatariswa nemunyori kusaziva kwevakuru vedare vakaita hurongwa hwemutambi. Josef K. Zvakare, protagonist inokwanisa kubata gweta kuburikidza nababamunini vake. Zvisinei, matare haana kuziva rudzi rupi norupi rwekuzvidzivirira. Panguva ino Franz Kafka anoshora hutongi huripo mumatare emazuva ano nemasangano. Sezvinozivikanwa, munyori uyu aive nechinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika chaipikisana nehutungamiriri.
Pfungwa yechitatu inoreva mufananidzo uyo protagonist anoda purojekiti kuburikidza nesocial media, avo vanoongorora nyaya yacho. Josef K. anoziva kuti vanhu vakawanda vanoziva nezvenyaya yake; saka, anoedza kuburitsa mufananidzo wekusava nemhosva, zvisinei hapana anotenda. Ichi chinoreva maitiro enzanga, iyo inovavarira kuratidza yakakanganiswa mufananidzo wezvavari. Mune mamwe mazwi, chokwadi chinomira pachena panguva yemaitiro e protagonist kushoropodza magariro emunyori kune zvisikwa zvekutonga.
Chinhu chechina icho munyori anobata nacho mutemo. Icho chokwadi chekuti protagonist haakwanise kuenda kumutemo kuzvidzivirira inoburitsa zvichemo pamusoro pekusajeka kwemitemo. Izvi zvinobva pakuti Josek K. aisaziva zvaaipomerwa. Nenzira iyi, kusava nezivo pamusoro peizvi, zvakaoma zvikuru kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira pane chimwe chinhu chisingazivikanwi.
Chikamu chechishanu icho Franz Kafka anobata nacho rufu. Zvakare, chikamu ichi chinosanganisirwa mune rimwe reakakurumbira mabasa aFranz Kafka. Sechinhu chechitanhatu chinomira pachena mubasa iri, ndiwo manzwiro anowanikwa nemutambi. Inoratidza kuburikidza nechirongwa: kushungurudzika, njodzi, kufunganya. Imwe yemanzwiro anogona kuratidzwa kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zveKafka ndeyekuseka uye kuseka.
Nhare
"The Castle" nderimwe remabasa aFranz Kafka akabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake. Iro basa rinoratidzwa nekunyorwa mune dense prose, iyo inove inoshatirisa muverengi.
Vatambi vanozivikanwa nekuve vanoshamisa uye nehunhu hwavo. Muverengi atorwa moyo nerungano urwu anopinzwa mutariro yekuti kuvhiringika kwechirongwa ichi kuchagadziriswa mukati mengano, zvisinei hazvo izvi hazviitiki.
Nyaya inobata nechirongwa chemuongorori kana/kana muongorori anosvika mumusha. Munzvimbo iyi mune nhare umo nhoroondo inotariswa. Hurongwa hwaitonga nhare yacho hwaipa basa. Muongorori anotanga rwendo mushure mekufarira kuzadza nzvimbo iyoyo. Munguva yerwendo, protagonist anopa mamwe matambudziko anomunonotsa gore.
Achisvika pamusha uyu, anoona kuti zvinhu zvasiyana zvachose nezvaaifunga pakutanga. Iye protagonist anoenda nezita rekuti K., anoona kuti basa rabviswa, saka anonzwa arasika uye anoita sarudzo yekurwisa iyo castle system kumuripa kukuvara.
Ari munzira anoonana nemumwe mukadzi anonzi Frida waanoroora. Zvakare protagonist, K., anokwanisa kuita dzimwe shamwari nemunhu anonzi Bhanabhasi. Hunhu uhwu hwaive mutumwa kubva kunhare yaizomiririra nzira yega yekutaurirana nemukati menhare.
K., anokwanisa kusangana nemhuri yaBarnabás iyo neimwe nzira inotadzisa chinangwa chake chekutaurirana nenhare. Ichi chipingamupinyi, kunyanya muhanzvadzi dzaBarnabás, chinosanganisira kumupa tsananguro pamusoro pemitemo yemusha.
Kuti akwanise kuzviriritira uye kubhadhara mari yemba yake, achamanikidzwa kubvuma basa somutakuri wechikoro.
Analysis
Sezvimwe mune mamwe mabasa naFranz Kafka, munhare maitiro maviri evanopikisa anogona kuratidzwa, kune rumwe rutivi simba uye kune rumwe rutivi, vatungamiri. Chimwe chinhu chinomira pachena kusakwanisa kuti vanhuwo zvavo vawane mukana kune avo vane masimba.
Neimwe nzira munyori anotsoropodza kuti vanhu, kunyanya protagonist webasa, K., haana kana zita, asi anomiririrwa nezita diki, rinomiririrwa nerekutanga "K". Mupfungwa iyi yokufananidzira uye yokufananidzira, munyori anoita seanoreva kuti kuva mugari wenyika kunonzwisiswa sechinhu chisingakoshi nokuda kwesimba.
Saizvozvowo, munyori we "El Castillo" anoedza kutaura zvisingagoneke izvo vagari vangave vachipindwa nenhengo dzinoumba simba. Ichi chirevo chakavakirwa pakusagoneka kwekuti protagonist aifanira kupinda munhare. Inotsanangura kuti masangano, anomiririrwa nevatambi vanoumba musha, pamwe nehurongwa hwekutonga kwenhare, vakaedza kumisa zvirambidzo, zvichiita kuti K. asangane nesimba.
IAmerica kana Yakaparara
Iri basa raFranz Kafka riri pamusoro pekutama kwevaEurope kuenda kuAmerica. Neimwe nzira ine hunyanzvi, anorondedzera zvakare kutama kweAfrica kuenda kuEurope. Uye avo vanobva mukondinendi yekare kuenda kuLatin America neUnited States.
Karl Rossman aiva ane makore 16 okukura uyo mukutanga kwehuduku hwake akapa mushandikadzi wake wepamba pamuviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vabereki vake vanomuranga uye anotumirwa kuAmerica. Panguva yerwendo rwake muchikepe chinomuendesa kuNew York, anosangana ne "stoker" wechikepe. Zvakare munyori uye anoburitsa vatambi vasinganzwisisike munyaya yake.
Iye protagonist aifanira kusangana muNew York City nemukomana anobva munharaunda yepamusoro aizomupa pekugara mumba make. Paunosvika iwe unogariswa mukamuri uye inosanganisirwa. Zvisinei, pfungwa yokuti akanga abatanidzwazve nababamunini vake yakapera paakakandwa mumugwagwa.
Anotanga kusangana nematambudziko ekuenda kune imwe nyika isingazivikanwe. Icho chiitiko chinozaruka mune labyrinth yezvokwadi, iyo inofamba kubva kune imwe yakanyanyisa kuenda kune imwe, kubva kune yakakwana cordiality kune yakanyanya kuoma mamiriro ehutsinye, kuzvidza uye kunyadziswa.
Mumwe munhu anoonekwa muchirongwa. Anosangana nomubiki mukuru uyo anomubetsera ndokumupa nzvimbo yokupotera. Mudziviriri wake mutsva nemuchengeti anomupa pekugara uye anomuwanira basa semufambisi werifiti muhotera hombe. Kuna Karl Rossman basa iri nderechinyakare uye rinongotyisa. Chinhu chimwe chete chakamupa kurudziro nenyaradzo muupenyu hwake hutsva ndiTherese, mukadzi wechiduku.
Ndichiri kushanda semufambisi weelevator muGran Hotel, zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvinomuka apo munhu anenge abatwa anogara ari protagonist. Vaviri vatsva vanobuda muchirongwa, vakaita saMarshal naRobbinson, zvakare vechidiki vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Asi, pakupedzisira, zvakaoma kwavari kuti vabatane zvinovaka munzanga. Ava vanhu vaduku vanogara vachibatanidzwa muzviitiko umo mapurisa eNew York City anofanira kupindira. Muzviitiko izvi murwi anodhonzwa.
Iye protagonist anoguma ave muranda wemuimbi akasiya basa, akafuta uye anonzi Brunelda. Hunhu hunoonekwa nekukatyamadza uye kushamisa. Pakupedzisira protagonist anobhadharwa kushanda muhoro yemitambo yeOklahoma. Irinovhero rinopera nemagumo akazaruka. Unogona kunakidzwa nekuongorora kunotevera kwebasa iri mune inotevera audiovisual zvinyorwa.
Analysis
Dingindira guru rebasa nderekutamira kuAmerica kunotsvaga basa chero ranga riri. Zvakadaro munyori neimwe nzira anosiya muverengi achishamisika, ingave rudzii yekurota kweAmerica kurarama kuti ubate chero basa?
Franz Kafka anokwanisa kutaurira nyaya umo munhu wepakati haawani nzira yekubuda iyo inomubvumira kurarama nechiremera. Zvakatosiyana, iye munhu anozviratidza nemamiriro ekushaya simba anomuita kuti asakwanise kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu muhupenyu pachahwo.
Nyaya yese inorondedzerwa nenzira yekuti muverengi haanzwi tsitsi kune protagonist, pane zvinopesana, Franz Kafka ane hungwaru anokwanisa kuisa mifananidzo inosetsa, iyo izere nekuseka kwakasviba.
Literature uye Franz Kafka
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakasiiwa naFranz Kafka, kureurura pamusoro pemabhuku kwakawanikwa:
(...) “vavariro yangu ndeyekunyorazve ngano nengano”.
Nenzira iyi, zvinyorwa zvemunyori yakanga isiri nzira yekuvaraidza vaverengi, asi maonero enyika yaaive nayo yemazuva ano. Akashandisa mabhuku kuparadzira maonero ake maererano nemasimba, hurumende, kutsoropodza kwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, vakaedza kunzwisisa kuti masangano aya, maitiro nemitemo zvakakonzera sei hupenyu hwemagariro evanhu uye mukati mevanhu vakaumba mhuri uye nharaunda pachayo.
Nemamwe mashoko, yakanga iri nzira yokuti ataure kutsoropodza kwake utongi, upenyu hwenzanga, uye nhamo dzoupenyu. Akanga asingade kushandisa zvinyorwa kutandadza vaverengi, asi kuti kuburikidza nekunyora aigona kuita kuti maonero ake asvike ruzhinji. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutsoropodza kwake hurumende, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwesimba uye kushandiswa kusina kuenzana kwemitemo uye kuti izvi zvingakanganisa sei mugari wemo zvinogona kuonekwa nguva nenguva.
Hunhu hwemabasa aFranz Kafka
Kunzwisisa zvinyorwa zveFranz Kafka dzimwe nguva kwakaoma, sezvo inoratidzirwa nekuoma kwakanyanya. Vamwe vanofunga kuti inomiririra labyrinth kuti isvike shoko iro munyori anoda kuparadzira. Zvisinei, pane mamwe maitiro anoratidzwa mumabasa aFranz Kafka, atinozotaura pamusoro apa.
izvo zvisina musoro
Mumabasa aFranz Kafka anosimbisa misoro yezvisina musoro. Nhoroondo dzinogona kuonekwa mumabasa aFranz Kafka dzinowanzoita sedzakajairika. Nekudaro, mukati mekufamba kwenyaya, surreal mamiriro anogona kuratidzwa. Mupfungwa iyi, zvinooneka zvakajairika zvinogona kunyatsotsanangurwa sezvinyorwa zvezvisina musoro.
Thematic
Kuburikidza nemabasa aFranz Kafka tinogona kuona mamwe madingindira anodzokororwa. Kushoropodzwa kwevanhu, masimba masimba zvisina kunaka, hutongi hwejekerere, matambudziko ehupenyu, kutaridzika kwevanhu.
mavara anoshamisa
Iwo mavara anotsanangurwa naFranz Kafka panguva yemabasa ake ane humwe hunhu. Mumabasa ake mazhinji ma protagonists vanhu vakavhiringidzika vazere nekushushikana uye kushungurudzika kushushikana kusakendenga.
Kutaura
Hurukuro inoshandiswa naFranz Kafka inoratidzirwa nekuziva kwake zvese.
mutsara chimiro chenguva
Mabhuku ekunyora aFranz Kafka anoratidzirwa nekusava nemaanachronies.
dudziro
Mazhinji emabasa aFranz Kafka ane dudziro dzakasiyana, nekuti nyaya dzake dzinogona kunge dziine zvimwe zvehupenyu hwake. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kunge vane hukama nenzanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.
Autobiography
Mazhinji emabasa aFrank Casca ane hukama nehupenyu hwemunyori. manzwiro uye manzwiro evatambi varo zvinosanganiswa nehupenyu hwemukati hwemunyori nekuti, sezvatinonyatsoziva, Franz Kafka aive nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nababa vake.
Psychological uye psychoanalytic zvinhu
Sezvatakamboona, panguva yehupenyu hwaFranz Kafka akakwanisa kubatana nepfungwa yaSigmund Freud. Mupfungwa iyi, psychoanalytic kana psychoanalytic mativi aive maitiro evatambi vake, achiedza kuabatanidza nedzidziso dzemusayendisiti uyu.
Zvemagariro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika
Mabasa aFranz Kafka anoratidza nhoroondo uye zvemagariro evanhu zvezvinhu zvakaratidza nzanga yemazuva ano mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana remakore rechi20. Kune kunyange avo vanotsunga kusimbisa kuti mumabasa emunyori uyu weCzech, kune Marxist uye anarchist pesvedzero. Ichi chirevo hachiratidzike sechisina musoro, sezvo akafurirwa nezvakataurwa naWeber.
Biography yaFranz Kafka
Franz Kafka akaberekerwa muguta rePrague, musi waChikunguru 3, 1883, mumamiriro emhuri yechiJudha. Vabereki vake Hermmán Kafka naJulie Lowy. Amai vaFranz Kafka vakabva kumhuri yakanga yakapfuma mune zvemari kupfuura yemurume wake.
Ndiye mwanakomana wedangwe wevaviri ava uye shure kwake kuchauya vakoma vashanu, vaviri vavo vakafa, mumwe wemwedzi gumi neshanu uye mumwe wemwedzi mitanhatu yekuzvarwa. Franz Kafka aigara aine mhosva nekuda kwekufa kwevakoma vake vaviri. Eya, akanzwa godo guru pashure pokuberekwa kwehama mbiri idzi. Vamwe vatatu vaiva vakadzi, vakafira mumisasa yevasungwa yeNazi.
Chokwadi chekuva dangwe uye kufa kwevakoma vake vaviri kwakaita kuti baba vake vafunge nezvebasa raFranz Kafka. Basa rake rekunyora raizoshoropodzwa zvikuru nababa vake avo vaida kuti adzidze zvemutemo. Sezvatanyatsonyevera, rufu rwevakoma vake vaviri rwakakanganisa kuzviremekedza kwemunyori.
Dzidzo yaFranz Kafka yaitungamirira baba vake, avo vaigara vachiratidza maitiro ehutongi uye kunyange kuita zvechisimba. Franz Kafka akanga ari jaya rakangwara uye mudzidzi aishingaira zvikuru. Aive nechido chekuverenga, zvisinei nekusazviremekedza kwake kwakamuita kuti asave nechokwadi paaipa ongororo yake yezvidzidzo, pamwe nemhedzisiro yaaizowana.
Akakwanisa kugona Czech, German uye French mutauro. Akapesvedzerwa nemabhuku aCervantes, Dickens, Flaubert naGoethe.
Vechidiki
Aizivikanwa somudzidzi ane shasha. Akapinda muFaculty yeArt History uye German Philology. Zvisinei, baba vake vakamumanikidza kuti adzidze mutemo. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake akafurirwa naAlfred Weber mukoma waMax Weber. Mafungiro ake edzidziso pamusoro penharaunda yeindasitiri aive pesvedzero kuna Fran Kafka uye maonero ake enyika.
Muna 1906, Franz Kafka, paakapedza zvidzidzo zvake zvemutemo, akatanga kushandira kambani yeinishuwarenzi yekuItaly. Gare gare, anozokwanisa kuzadza chinzvimbo paInshurensi yeVashandi 'Accident Insurance yeHumambo hweBohemia. Kubva pakuona kwaFranz Kafka, iri rakanga riri basa raimuzadza nekuvhiringidzika, sezvo rakanga riri renguva dzose, rinofinha uye rokugadzira zvinhu.
Hupenyu hwehunyanzvi
Mugore ra1912 Franz Kafka akasarudza kutora hupenyu hwehunyanzvi hwemunyori. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, asinganeti, akanyora mabasa ese atinoziva nhasi. Muna 1917 akaonekwa kuti aiva netibhii, zvichiita kuti azviparadzanise ari oga uye achipora. Mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano aya akamumanikidza kuti adzokere kumba kwevabereki vake kuti anochengetwa nehanzvadzi yake Ottillie.
Somugumisiro wehukama humwe hwaaiva nahwo nababa vake, anosarudza kumunyorera tsamba inova basa rakakurumbira rine musoro unoti "Tsamba kuna baba" iyo yaasina kumbova neushingi hwekutumira kune aigamuchira.
Kubuda kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kwaive kukonzeresa kwehupenyu hwake hwega. Aifanira kutora matomu emhuri yake, sezvo murume wehanzvadzi yake, Elli, aifanira kupinda muchiuto. Naizvozvo, Fran Kafka aifanira kutungamirira fekitari mhuri. Ukuwo hanzvadzi yake yakamanikidzwa kudzokera kumhuri.
Aya mamiriro ezvinhu akamanikidza Franz Kafka kurega kunyora kwegore nehafu, idi iro rakamuodza mwoyo. Mangwanani-ngwanani pakati paAugust 12 na13, 1917, akapa hemoptysis iyo yakasimbisa chirwere chakakomba chaaitambura nacho mumapapu ake: tibhii. Izvi zvakamumanikidza kuti aende kuchipatara chekurapa chirwere ichi.
Makore ake ekupedzisira aionekwa nekutambura nechirwere ichi chinorwadza mudokoriro. Nzira yakatsanangurwa nemunyori pachake kuti inorwadza. Uyewo, mumadhayari ake akatsanangura kuti chirwere chacho chaimutadzisa kumedza zvokudya zvikukutu. Nokudaro, makore ake ekupedzisira aizivikanwa nekudya kwemvura.
Mumadhiari netsamba dzake aiwanzonyunyuta nezvekutemwa nemusoro uye kushaya hope. Saizvozvowo, akataura nezvekudya kwemuriwo kwaaifanira kutevera. Vamwe vanorondedzera chokwadi ichi kubhuku rake rakakurumbira "An Artist of Hunger".
Unhu
Hunhu hwaFranz Kafka hwairatidzwa nekunaka uye kurerukirwa. Aive nekamwe kakuseka kakabata shamwari dzake, vazhinji vacho vaive vakangwara vepanguva iyoyo uye vaive vevanyori. Ndaiwanzopinda misangano neboka iri reshamwari dzaibata nemisoro ine chekuita nemunyori wechiJudha. Mumisangano iyi anosangana neshamwari yake uye gare gare muurayi wake, Max Brod, uyo aionekwa nenyanzvi dzezvinyorwa semunyori wepakati.
Vanoda
Maererano nehupenyu hwaFranz Kafka pane vakadzi vatatu muhupenyu hwake. Pakati pavo tinotaura zvinotevera
Felice Bauer aive mudiki Berliner. Aionekwa semukadzi akangwara, asi aisaratidza manzwiro. Zvaigona kunzi aiva mukadzi anotonhora. Musangano wavo wekutanga wakaitika kumba kwaMax Brod uye hukama hwavo hwaive hwakajeka epistolary. Felice Bauer aiitira shanje shamwari yake Grete. Manzwiro aya akapedzisira aputsa ukama zvachose. Felice Bauer anotizira kuUnited States pakasvika uto reNazi.
Grete Bloch aive shamwari yaFelice Bauer. Sangana naFranz Kafka muna 1913. Aive mukadzi akanaka zvakanyanyisa uye akazvimiririra. Mukadzi wechidiki anotorwa moyo netsamba dzaFranz Kafka. Aya matsamba aionekwa nekuve erootic muchimiro. Vamwe vanoti kubva paukama uhwu paive nemwanakomana. Grete Bloch akatapwa neuto reNazi uye akaendeswa kumusasa wevasungwa weAuschwitz muna 1944. Ikoko anonourayiwa.
Julie Wohryzek anosangana naFranz Kafka pachipatara apo munyori akabatwa nechirwere chetachiona muna 1918. Maererano nehurukuro dzaFranz Kafka, akatomukumbira, asi baba vake vakapikisa. Kuna Hernnán Kafka mukadzi uyu akange asina kukodzera kutakura zita rake rekupedzisira.
Dora Diamant aive mukadzi wekupedzisira akaperekedza munyori kusvika makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Asati afa, Franz Kafka akamupa zvinyorwa zvakawanda netsamba. Ari parufu rwake akakumbira kuti aya manyoro arege kubudiswa. Anoremekedza chishuwo chekupedzisira chemunyori. Zvisinei, Gestapo yakatora manyoro, izvo zvakabvumira kuti gakava repamutemo riitike pakati penyika yeIsrael neGermany.
Zvinyorwa uye mabasa aFranz Kafka
Munguva yehupenyu hwake Franz Kafka akaburitsa mashoma mashoma mabasa. Murubvunzavaeni rwehupenyu hwake, akagamuchidza mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvake kune muurayi wake Max Brod, achikumbira kuti zvinyorwa zviparadzwe. Akapawo zvinyorwa makumi maviri netsamba makumi matatu neshanu kune mumwe wake Dora Diamant.
Wekutanga akasarudza kufuratira chikumbiro uye chishuwo chekupedzisira chemunyori uye akatarisa kuparadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvaFranz Kafka. Kana ari iye, shamwari yake youpenyu yakazadzika chishuvo chomunyori kutozosvikira Gestapo muna 1933 yakwanisa kumutorera manyoro aaichengeta.
Zvinyorwa zveKafka zvakakwanisa kumutsa kufarira kwevanhu, izvo zvakagamuchira kuongororwa kwakanakisisa, kupararira pasi rose. Kutorwa kwezvinhu zvaFranz Kafka kwakaenderera mberi mukukakavadzana kwemutemo pakati penyika dzeIsrael neGermany, nekukunda kwenyika yeIsrael kwakabvumira kuti ibatane panzvimbo imwechete mabasa ese nemanyoro emuJuda Franz Kafka.
Kududzira mabasa aFranz Kafka
Munyori mukuru uyu akaunza kuzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano chinyorwa chitsva chatinonongedzera kune chekufananidzira nemufananidzo. Mupfungwa iyi, anokwanisa kudzvinyirira chero hutsika, kuratidza kusanzwisisa uye manzwiro ekushungurudzika, kunetseka, kusurukirwa kwekuvapo kwake. Ndicho chikonzero basa raFranz Kafka rinoratidzwa neexistentialism uye expressionism.
Vamwe vanofunga kuti nekuda kwepesvedzero yaWeber, akataura nezvesimba reMarxist uye kutsoropodza kwake kwehurongwa hwese hwekutonga hwaimiririra masangano emazuva ano. Pakati pemabasa anomira pachena nekuda kwekushoropodzwa kwevanhu, maitiro muPenitentiary Colony uye nhare inogona kutaurwa.
Zvaunotumira
Munguva pfupi yehupenyu hwake, Franz Kafka akangobudisa "The Metamorphosis" (1915) uye "The Penitentiary Colony" (1919). Akatsikisawo mamwe maunganidzwa enganonyorwa dzakaita sekuti “A rural doctor” (1919). Nekudaro, aive nemanovhero matatu mukusimudzira aive mumabhuku ekunyorera azere nemitsara, zvirevo uye zvimedu zvakasununguka.
Aya manyoro aibata nemisoro yakasiyana-siyana kubva patsika dzechiJudha kusvikira kukuongorora pfungwa. Somugumisiro wehutano hwake, Franz Kafka haana kukwanisa kupa mabasa ake chimiro chepamutemo sezvaaida. Akafa nechirwere chetachiona musi waJune 3, 1924.
Kutambura kwerufu rwake kwakarwadza zvikuru. Chisimbiso ichi chinotsigirwa nezvinyorwa zvaakanga anazvo mudhayari rake apo airondedzera chimwe nechimwe chemarwadzo airatidzika, kutambura kwaakaitwa nechirwere ichi chinorwadza.
Mushure mekufa kwake, Max Brod ndiye aitarisira kuodha zvese zvaakawana, zvese zvinyorwa uye mitsara yega. Inotarisira kuronga mabasa aFranz Kafka ane musoro unoti "The castle", "The trial" uye America. Manovhero matatu ayo Franz Kafka asina kumboda kuburitswa.
Rondedzero yemabasa ake
Sezvatakarondedzera, Franz Kafka haana kubudisa mabasa ake ose munguva yehupenyu hwake. Mazhinji emabasa ake akaramba ari muzvinyorwa, mitsara imwe chete yakanga isina chimiro chakabatanidzwa. Kukundikana kwehutano hwake hakuna kumubvumira kuona mabasa ake achipedzwa. Nekudaro, sezvatakambotaura, Max Brod akazvitora kuti abudise zvinyorwa zvake mushure mekufa kwake.
Zvinyorwa izvi zvakaitwa kunyange zvichipesana nezvinodiwa nemunyori, uyo akakumbira kuti zvinyorwa zvake zviparadzwe. Iye zvino, vaverengi vanoshingaira veFranz Kafka tinofanira kutenda Max Brod, pasinei nekutengesa kwake, nekuburitsa aya mabasa anoshamisa.
Zvikasadaro kwaizova kusingabviri kutifadza nenhau dzavo dzakapa nzvimbo kumabhuku ezvisina mufungo. Pazasi isu tichakupa runyoro rwemabasa ake akaburitswa munguva yehupenyu hwake, pamwe neayo akazoparadzirwa naMad Brod. Isu tinopa kurongeka tichitevedzana.
Mabasa akaburitswa achiri mupenyu
- Tsanangudzo yekurwa (1904)
- Kufungisisa (1912)
- Chiremba Wenyika (1919)
- The Doom (1912)
- Mune koloni yechirango (1914)
- Mukadzi Mudiki (1923)
- Josefina muimbi kana guta remakonzo (1924)
- A Hunger Artist (1924)
- Trapeze artist
- The Metamorphosis (1915)
Mabasa akabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake
- Yakanyangarika (1912). Zita rekutanga. Parizvino America, zita rakapihwa naMax Brod.
- The Process (1925). Novel isina kupera.
- The Castle (1922). Novel isina kupera.
- Kuvakwa kweChinese Wall.
- Tsamba kuna baba (1919)
- Richard naSamuel. Chitsauko chechinyorwa, chakanyorwa pamwe chete naMax Brod.
- Kugadzirira muchato wenyika (1907-1908)
- Der Dorfschullehrer kana Der Riesenmaulwurf (1914-1915)
- The Chinese Wall (1917). Yakapfuura vhezheni kune imwe yechokwadi yakaparadzwa gare gare naKafka.
- Mutambo (1923-1924)
- Tsamba kuna Milena
- Aphorisms, Vision uye Zviroto (1917)
- Zvinyorwa muOctave (1917)
- tsamba kumhuri
- Zvinyorwa Pamusoro Pezvinyorwa Zvake (1917)
- Tsamba kuna baba (1919)
- Diaries (1910-1923)
- Tsamba kuna Felice (1967)
- Tsamba kuna Ottla
Franz Kafka Quotes
Pane mitsara yakawanda yasara kubva munhaka yemunyori ane mukurumbira uyu, zvisinei isu tasarudza mishanu chete inotiswededza pedyo nenyika yemukati memunyori.
"Marwadzo ndiwo chinhu chakanaka chenyika ino, asi ndiyo chete chinongedzo pakati penyika ino uye iyo yakanaka pachayo."
"Zvakaipa zvinoziva zvakanaka, asi zvakanaka hazvizivi zvakaipa."
"Chiito chekuvava kwemunhu kazhinji chingori kunyadzisa kwemwana."
F.K.
Patinoverenga mitsara iyi tinogona, zvakare, kuona kuti kune munyori Franz Kafka manzwiro eshungu, kutambura, kurwadziwa, chimwe chezvinhu zvaakasuma mumabasa ake makuru. Hazvishamisi kuti mitsara yake ine mukurumbira yaive nezvikamu zvimwechete izvi zvaiswa.
Mabasa aFranz Kafka uye cinema
Mabasa aFranz Kafka anga ariwo kurudziro yezvigadzirwa zvemafirimu pane hombe skrini. Pakati peaya mabasa: Metamorphosis, El Castillo, Chiremba wekumaruwa, Iyo maitiro, pamwe neDer Bau.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti Franz Kakfa akasiya pesvedzero yake munyika yehunyanzvi nezvinyorwa, zvichiita kuti nhaka yake ipfuure makore anopfuura zana.