Mafambiro ePasi anoiswa mumhando 5, dzinozivikanwa sekufamba kutenderera, kududzira, kutangira, nutation uye pakupedzisira Chandler's wobble. Munyaya inotevera tichaziva kufamba kwepasi ndekupi, imwe neimwe yemaitiro ayo echisikigo uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Chii chinonzi Earth Movement?
Vamwe vanhu vachashamisikaNyika ine mafambiro mangani?? Kwatinopindura kuti Planet Earth iri kuita nhevedzano yemafambiro chaiwo, ayo anoratidza mazinga akasiyana nekuda kwekusimba kwawo kwechisikigo. Mafambiro ePasi anoti:
- Rotatory kufamba
- Shanduro yekufambisa
- Precession Movement
- Nutation Movement
- Chandler Wobble
Rotatory kufamba
Mhando yekufamba kwenyika iyi ndiyo inoonekwa nekutenderedza axis yepasi, inopatsanura pasi kuita 2 extremes dzinozivikanwa nekunzi Poles. Zvinonzi kutenderera kunoitwa kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva, ndiko kuti, munhu ari kutarisa ari muchadenga pamusoro pedanda rokuchamhembe renyika, anogona kuziva kuti kufamba uku kunonzi levorotatory, zvinoreva kuti inotarisana newachi.
Kana pasi rachinja zvachose, nyeredzi dzinotorwa sereferensi kana pekutangira, apo kutenderera kunotora maawa makumi maviri nematatu, maminitsi 23 uye masekonzi 56, iyo inonzi zuva reparutivi. Zvino panyaya yekuti Zuva rinotorwa sereferensi, meridian ichapfuura nepamberi penyeredzi maawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega, iyo inonzi Solar Day.
Musiyano uripo pakati pe "3 h ne 56 min" ndewekuti panguva iyi pasi rave mberi mukutenderera kwaro uye rinofanirwa kutenderera zvishoma kupfuura zuva rimwe reparutivi kuti ripedze zuva rezuva.
Zuva rakanga riri chirevo chikuru chakatorwa nemunhu, kubva kwaanofungidzirwa kufamba kwake kunoitwa mukutenderera kwePlaneti Pasi, iyo inosarudza masikati neusiku, izvo zvinoreva kuti denga riri kufamba-famba nepasi.
Mukushandiswa kwemutauro usiri wesainzi, izwi rekuti zuva rinoshandiswa kureva nguva inonzi nenyeredzi Zuva reSolar, uye inofambirana neinonzi Solar Time.
Shanduro yekufambisa
The Movement of Translation inova apo pasi parinotenderera mune inozivikanwa se elliptical orbit kutenderedza Zuva mumazuva angaita mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu uye anenge maawa matanhatu zvishoma, izvi zvinoreva kuti inoita kufamba kwegore rimwechete.
Kumunhu anotarisa ari kunze pamusoro pedanda rokuchamhembe re chimiro chepasi, rudzi urwu rwekufamba runoitawo ruboshwe, izvo zvinoreva kuti inoenda kune imwe nzira uye kana ichionekwa kubva kuSouth Pole yepasi, rudzi urwu rwekufamba runonzi rudyi-ruoko, izvo zvinoreva, munzira yewachi.
Sekutaura kwekuti karenda yagara yakanyoresa mazuva 365 akazara, kutanga kwegore kunowedzera, zvichireva kuti makore mana ega ega, pane gore rinonzi Leap, rinova iro rine mazuva 4 pagore, izvi nekuda kweizvozvo. haifungi kuti chii chinonzi equinocial precession.
Chinokonzera kufamba kweshanduro chiito chinoitwa negiravhiti uye ndicho chinokonzeresa cheni yeshanduko iyo, nenzira yakafanana nezuva, inobvumira nguva kuyerwa.
Iye zvino, tichitora sechirevo chenyeredzi huru yesolar system, ndiko kuti Zuva, iro rinonzi gore rinopisa, inova nhambo inokosha zvokuti mukati megore rimwe nerimwe inozivikanwa zvikuru. Mwaka, saka gore negore zvichadzokororwa pasina dambudziko.
Iri gore rinopisa rinotora mazuva anosvika mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu, maawa mashanu ane 365 min uye 5 sec "48:45:5". Mafambiro anotsanangurwa ane elliptical-type trajectory inosvika 48 miriyoni km, pakufamba kweZuva kunosvika 45 miriyoni km, iyo inogona kuyerwa se930 AU, inova iyo Astronomical Unit inosvika 150. 1 km , kana kuti anenge 149.597.871 maminetsi echiedza.
Kubva pane izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti Planet Earth inofamba kuburikidza nekutenderera kwayo paavhareji yekumhanya yemakiromita 106.200 paawa «km/h» iyo yakafanana nemakiromita 29,5 pasekondi «km/s». Kutenderera kwepasi kunowanzoita denderedzwa. Iyo Solo inowanzotora 1 yefoci ye ellipse uye nekuda kwekuwedzeredza kweiyo orbit, nzira iri pakati pePlanet Earth neZuva inosiyana mukati megore.
Pakutanga kwemwedzi waNdira, kuswededza kwakanyanya kuZuva kunowanikwa, izvo zvinogadzira Perihelion, panguva iyo rwendo rwunenge 147,5 miriyoni km, nepo pakutanga kwemwedzi waChikunguru zvinokwanisika kusvika. kureba kwayo kure, kunonzi aphelion, uko rwendo rwunenge 152,6 miriyoni km. Axis yepasi inoumba ecliptic angle inokwana kuita 23,5°.
Rudzi urwu rwekurereka, pamwe chete nekufambisa kweshanduro, ndiko kunoburitsa nguva refu yemwedzi yakasviba uye yakareruka pamatunhu ePasi, kunze kwekuti izvi ndizvo zvinokonzeresa mwaka wegore, izvo zviri kubva kuchinja kwekona yechiitiko chemwaranzi yeZuva uye kuti inguva yenguva yemaawa echiedza inoburitsa kurerekera kwakataurwa.
Zvatinogona kushandura ndezvokuti rudzi urwu rwekona ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuti pamatanda epasi pane nguva yemwedzi mitanhatu yerima uye 6 mwedzi yechiedza. Saka rinowanzova kumwe kwekufamba chaiko kwepasi.
Movement of Precession of the Equinoxes
Imwe yekufamba kwepasi ndiyo inonzi Precession of the Equinoxes, kunova kushanduka kudiki uye zvishoma nezvishoma mukutenderera kweaxis yekutenderera kwePlanet Earth, kunokonzerwa neinonzi precession movement iyo Inokonzereswa. nesimba rinoitwa ne «Earth-Sun» system pachayo maererano nekushanda kwekurerekera kweaxis yepasi yekutenderera maererano nendege yeinotenderera, iyo inenge 23 ° 43' ikozvino.
Bato iri rinoitwa zvakazara makore ega ega e25.776, zvekuti anopfuura kana mashoma mazana emakore ega ega e130 mwaka uchadzoserwa shure, zvisinei, musiyano uripo pakati pegore reparutivi uye gore rinopisa rinogona kubatanidzwa uye zvakare kugadziriswa nekarenda yaGregory uye munhu aitarisa kubva muchadenga, iri pamusoro pedanda rekuchamhembe, aisvika pakuiona sekutenderera kwerudyi kunosanganisira nzira yewachi.
Muchiitiko chekurereka kweaxis yepasi, izvi zvinowanzosiyana kubva pa23 ° kusvika 27 °, nekuti zvichaenderana, kuwedzera kune zvimwe zvikonzero, pane zvese telluric mafambiro. Inenge mumwedzi waKukadzi wegore ra2010, imwe mhando yemutsauko pakati peiyo axis yepasi inosvika masendimita masere kana pasi yakanyorwa, iyo yakakonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakanyoreswa kunosvika 8 ° pachikero cheRichter chakakanganisa dunhu reChile. . Mukuenzanisa nemafungu emvura uye nekudaro tsunami huru yakabata Southeast Asia muna 8,8, ndiyo yakabvisa axis yepasi neanenge 2004 cm.
Nutation Movement
Iyo inonzi precession movement nderimwe kufamba kwepasi uye rinotonyanya kuoma kana 4th movement ikatariswa, inova inonzi Nutation Movement. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinoitika neimwe mhando yemuviri ine symmetrical shape kana zvakaenzana sebhora riri kutenderera paaxis yaro; semhando yepamusoro kana vazhinji vanozviziva seyokutenderera kumusoro, iyo ingave muenzaniso wakanakisa, nekuti kana ichidonha, kutangira kunotanga.
Nekuda kwekufamba kwekudonha kwayo, iyo spike yekumusoro ichazorora pasi nesimba rakawanda, nenzira yekuti inowedzera yakanzi vertical reaction force, iyo pakupedzisira ichava yakakura kupfuura huremu.
Kana izvi zvikaitika, mukati mehuremu hwepamusoro hunomhanyisa kuenda kumusoro. Iyi nzira ichadzokororwa, uye kufamba kunotanga kuumbwa kwekutanga kuchazoperekedzwa nemhando yekutenderera kweaxis yekutenderera yakananga kuzasi uye kumusoro, iyo inowanzo gamuchira izwi reNutation.
Chandler Wobble
Izvi zvinosanganisira kutenderera kudiki kweakisi yekufamba kwepasi redu iro rinowanzowedzera masekonzi 0,7 e arc mukati menguva yemazuva 433 kune inodaidzwa kuti Precession of the Equinoxes. Bato iri rakaonekwa nemuzivi wenyeredzi ane mukurumbira wekuAmerica anonzi Seth Carlo Chandler muna 1891, uye parizvino zvikonzero zvinorigadzira hazvizivikanwe, zvisinei nekuti mhando dzakasiyana dzekufamba dzakataurwa.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uko kuri iko kukonzeresa shanduko mukugova kwehuremu hwemuchadenga, zvakare yezvinobvira geophysical kufamba muchikamu chezasi chenyika, uye nekusiyana kwesaline concentration inowanikwa mugungwa. Huwandu hweChandler Wobble uye zvakare yezvimwe zvidiki mhedzisiro inonzi polar motion.
Perihelion Precession Motion
Mukufamba kweshanduro, pasi rinouya pakutsanangura ellipse sea kufamba kwenyika kutenderedza zuva, inova iyo inotora 1 yefoci yekuora uku, zvisinei, imwe yefoci haina kumira, asi nenzira imwechete inotenderera zvishoma pane imwe kona ye 3,84 arc seconds per century , kumativi eZuva.
Iyo aphelion kana nguva yechinhambwe chikuru pakati pePasi neZuva, inogona zvakare kutambura nerudzi urwu rwekufambira mberi, iyo ichiri kuramba yakafanana nemakona, iyo tangentially inowanzove yakakura. Rudzi urwu rwekufamba rune nguva inosvika makore 34.285.714.
Orbital Variations of the Movements of the Earth
Misiyano yeorbital ndiyo inonyora mhando dzemhedzisiro mumaseti ekuti shanduko dzese mumafambiro ePasi ndidzo dzinomutsa mamiriro ekunze kwezviuru zvemakore. Izwi iri rakazogadzirwa mushure mezvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa nemukurumbira wekuSerbia nyanzvi yezvenyeredzi uye geophysicist Milutin Milanković.
Mugore ra1920, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kusiyana kwakaguma kwakakonzera shanduko yecyclical mune iri mwaranzi yezuva inowanzosvika pamusoro pepasi uye kuti zvese izvi zvaizokanganisa zvakanyanya mhando dzekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze paPasi.
Dzimwe dzidziso dzezvenyeredzi dzakafanana ndedziya dzakanga dzafambiswa mberi mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nevarume vanozivikanwa vakadai saJoseph Adhemar, mukuwedzera kuna James Croll nevamwe, zvisinei, tsinhiro yacho yakanga yakati tsinhimira zvikuru nokuda kwokushaikwa kworuzivo rwokuzviwanira. .zvezvisaririra zvinokosha uye nokuti zvakanga zvisina kunyatsojeka kuti inguvai dzaikosha zvikuru munguva yakapfuura kuitira kuti zvionekwe.
Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zve geological zvinoreva pamusoro pePlaneti Yepasi izvo zvisina kushanduka mukati memamirioni emakore zviri kuongororwa nenyanzvi dzese huru kuitira kuti vaone kuti chii chiri shanduko yemamiriro ekunze epasi.
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevarume ava vakaomerera kune pfungwa yeMilankovitch hypothesis, pane boka duku revanotsvakurudza vanoti kufungidzira kunofungidzirwa kunogona kusakwanisa kutsanangura zviitiko izvi.
Milankovic cycles
Kare uye zvakare ramangwana reMilanković kutenderera ndizvo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kufanotaura kwese orbital parameters apfuura uye zvichaitika mune ramangwana nenzira chaiyo. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana mune orbital zvinhu, sezvazvinova:
- The obliquity ndiyo orbital inclination
- The Eccentricity
- Periastron Length
- Iyo Equinoctical Precession Index
Izvo, pamwe chete neobliquity, ndizvo zvinodzora kutenderera kwemwaka kweiyo insolation. Nenzira iyi, huwandu hwekunyunguduka hunoonekwa hunoverengerwa zuva nezuva munzvimbo yepamusoro yemhepo mukati mezhizha solstice palatitude level inosvika 65º N.
Chinhu chakakosha kutariswa ndechekuti Masimba Anokosha Ezvakasikwa, izvo zvinocherechedzwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda sezvo zvine pesvedzero mune dzimwe nguva kuti chii chiri kufamba kwenyika.
Inenge 2 nhanho dzakasiyana dzinomuka kuti ndezvipi mwero wegungwa uye tembiricha yegungwa, aya mazinga e2 anowanikwa kuburikidza neanozivikanwa nevakawanda semarine sediments uye imwe yacho inotorwa kubva muaizi yeAntarctica, inotorwa kubva mubenthic deposits uye inonzi ice. core inowanikwa pazasi peVostok Russian Antarctica.