Kune avo vanofarira kufamba mumakomo, kusangana nemiti neshiri, isarudzo yakanaka yekushanyira Makomo eAppalachian. Ndiwo makomo anokosha kupfuura mamwe ose muNorth America. Tsvaga mune ino chinyorwa zvese nezveMakomo eAppalachian, maitiro awo, kuumbwa, hupfumi, maruva, mhuka uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Chii chinonzi Makomo eAppalachian?
ari Makomo eAppalachian, inoonekwa seimwe yemakomo makurusa muNorth America. Inoumba mutsara wakafanana negungwa reAtlantic uye inomhanya nemuQuebec, kuchamhembe kweAlabama.
Kureba kwegadziriro yemakomo iyi inenge makiromita 2500, hupamhi hwe Moutains inogona kudarika makiromita 500 uye kureba kwayo kukuru i2200 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Etymologically izwi rekuti Appalachian rine mavambo echivanhu. Maererano nenhoroondo dzekare, muna 1528 boka revaongorori raitungamirirwa naPánfilo de Narváez, aiva gavhuna weFlorida, rakaumbwa.
Rwendo urwu panguva yekushanya kwarwo munzvimbo iyi, rwakasangana nekugarwa kwemaIndia ekuNorth America. Vagari ava vaizvidaidza kuti Apalchen, vaongorori kuti vafambise rekodhi yavo yekuongorora, vakapa zita reAppalachian kunzvimbo idzi dzine makomo.
Hunhu hweMakomo eAppalachian
Kuwedzerwa kweAppalachian kunosvika makiromita e2500 uye kunofamba nemuCanada yose yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kusvika nechepakati peUnited States mudunhu reAlabama.
Nekuda kweiyo geological antiquity yegomo cheni, yakashanda sechidzidzo chekudzidza uye postulate tectonic dzidziso yemahwendefa, muma 70s. Asi zvinowanzoitika kuti hurongwa hwemakomo hweAppalachian hwakanyura muGungwa reCanada.
Iyi nzira yemakomo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:
- Rutivi rwekuchamhembe, runofukidza matunhu eNewfoundland, Labrador kusvika kuRwizi rweHudson.
- Central Region, inomhanya ichitevedza Rwizi rweHudson rose kusvika kumiganhu yeRwizi Rutsva.
- Kumaodzanyemba kumagumo, kubva kuRwizi Rutsva kusvika kumagumo ehurongwa hwemakomo.
Rusununguko rweAppalachian rwakasiyana zvakasiyana, kunyanya munharaunda yeNew England inoratidzira mutsara wemakomo, anozivikanwa seWhite Mountains. Zvakare, mudunhu reVermont mune Makomo eGreen neBlue Mountain Range, kumabvazuva kwakanyanyisa kweUnited States.
Nezvekukwirira kwegomo iri, unogona kuona nechokuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba, kureba kwakakura. Asi izvi, zvinodzikira zvinoshamisa munzvimbo yepakati yeAppalachian. Maavhareji ekumusoro anotenderera kiromita imwe, kunyanya nechekuchamhembe.
Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro inogona kuwanikwa pamusoro peMount Mitchell, inopfuura mamita 2000 pamusoro pegungwa. Imwe yeakakosha kukosha mukukwirira iMount Washington, ine hurefu hwe1920 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Ihwo hunhu kuona panhongonya iyi, kuvapo kwechando.
Tembiricha dzakanyorwa munzvimbo idzi dzine makomo dziri pakati pe10 °C ne20 °C, zvichienderana nekukwirira kwadzo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinotsanangura mamiriro ekunze emakomo ndiko kunaya kwemvura. Avhareji yemvura yegore negore inosvika 90 centimita, iri nzvimbo yepakati pemipata, iyo inogamuchira chikamu chepamusoro chekunaya kwemvura.
Kudzidziswa
Kuumbwa kweMakomo eAppalachian kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakaitika kubva kuPaleozoic Era, apo iyo super continent Pangea ichiripo. Panguva iyoyo, yava kunzi North America, Europe, uye kuchamhembe kweAfrica zvakanga zvabatanidzwa.
Makomo emakomo eLas Villuercas, kuSpain, uye Atlas kuMorocco, aive bhuroka rimwe chete nemaAppalachian. Nechikonzero ichi, Pangea payakatsemura makomo makuru, yakatsemukawo. Kuramba chikamu muAmerica, muEurope uye chikamu chikuru muAfrica.
Chigadzirwa chekukonana pakati petectonic mahwendefa, anopfuura 500 miriyoni makore apfuura. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemakomo aya dzakatanga kubuda uye mushure mekuenderera mberi kwekuenzanisa kwe geological, idzi summit dzinoshamisa sezvadzinozivikanwa nhasi dzinowanikwa.
Kuenzanisira kwekuyamura kweAppalachian kwagara kuripo kubvira Paleozoic. Panguva iyoyo, kupeta kwakaitika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuchamhembe kwemakomo, kwemamiriyoni emakore shanduko idzi dzakaramba dzakatsiga.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukukurwa kwemhepo nemvura, mamiriro ekunze akagadziridzwa. Asi shanduko idzodzo hadzina kuomarara sedziya dzakaiswa muPaleozoic Era.
Biological Diversity
Iyo Appalachian gomo cheni yakasiyana chaizvo, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu zvipenyu, mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu rine rupo.
Appalachian flora
Makomo ayo akapfuma muvhu rakaorera, iro rinopa pokugara kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti. Zvisikwa izvi chikamu chemapapu ezvirimwa zveNorth America. Asi nekuwedzera, ndidzo chikafu chekudyisa mhuka dzakawanda dzinodya urasha.
Mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo iyi anoitawo basa rakakosha kuitira kuti miriwo isingaverengeki ive nenzvimbo iyi tsvene, senzvimbo yekuichengetedza nekuwanda.
Chikamu chemhando yemiti yemhando yeMakomo eAppalachian, ine lichens, makwenzi madiki, maruva uye mosses. Zvakajairika kuti iwe unogona kuona rudzi urwu rwezvinomera, muCanada yakanyanyisa, mumakomo eLa Gaspesia.
Muchikamu cheUnited States, kunyanya munzvimbo yePresident yeWhite Mountains, iwe uchawanawo rudzi urwu rwezvinomera panguva yekushanya kwako.
Nzvimbo yekumadokero yemakomo eAppalachian, muUnited States, kana ikasvika mapani ayo uye zvikomo, vanogona kumhanya mumasango akasanganiswa enzvimbo.
Aya masango ane ivhu rawo rakapfuma, miti yemapuranga ine mashizha akafara uye hunde huru, pakati payo inobuda pachena:
- Muti wepaini.
- Poplar.
- Oak.
- Walnut.
- cherry.
- Birch.
- Elm.
- American chestnut.
- Fir tree.
- Cypress.
- Misidhari.
The Appalachian Plant Reserve inzvimbo yekupotera kune anopfuura 150 marudzi emiti mikuru, pamwe chete nemamwe marudzi maduku.
fauna of
Nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwezvitubu zvemvura, ivhu rakapfuma rinobvumira kuwanda kwemhando dzemakwenzi anodiwa kune mamwe marudzi kana miti ine michero nembeu izvo zviri chikamu chekudya kwevamwe, dunhu iri rakaiswa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakakura kwazvo kuNorth. America.
Mumakomo eAppalachian iwe unogona kuwana zvinokambaira, felines, makonzo, ruminants, pakati pevamwe. Mamwe emhando dzinoita hupenyu munzvimbo inoyevedza yemusikirwo anotaurwa pazasi:
- Skunks.
- Cougars.
- Turtles.
- Beavers.
- Deer.
- Moose.
- Gava dzvuku.
- nyoka
- Bere dema.
- Raccoons.
- tsindi
- Matatya, emhando dzakasiyana.
- Cerulean Warbler.
- Woodpecker.
- Zizi.
Mvura zviwanikwa
Makomo eAppalachian akakamurwa kuita matunhu maviri. Matunhu aya maAppalachian ari kuchamhembe kure neaya ari kumaodzanyemba. Pasinei nokuti ari mumakomo mamwe chete, rimwe nerimwe rawo rine mamiriro ekunze aro.
Chikamu cheMakomo eAppalachian chiri munzira yekumaodzanyemba, sezvo iri nzvimbo ine nzvimbo yakaderera, ine nhamba huru yenzizi dzinobhadhara mvura yadzo inoyerera ichienda kuAtlantic Ocean.
Nekuda kwekuswedera kwayo kumahombekombe, mamiriro ekunze akanyanya kunyorova, ayo anofarira kukwidziridzwa mu hydrological cycle. Nekuzotevera kunaya kwemvura.
Kumaodzanyemba akanyanya kuchamhembe kweMakomo eAppalachian, mamiriro ekunze akafanana nemakomo uye nekudaro kune kunogara kuchinaya, izvo zvinowedzera mipiro yemvura kunzizi dzedunhu.
Nzizi nemapopoma anoumba mitumbi iyi yemvura ine kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwekusimudzira mabasa evashanyi munzvimbo iyi.
Pakati penzizi dzakanyanya kukosha dzeMakomo eAppalachian ndedzinotevera:
- Hudson River.
- Delaware.
- The Potomac.
Chimwe chimiro chenzizi dzeAppalachian gomo cheni ndechekuti ipfupi. Asi kuyerera kwenzira dzayo kwakakosha, zvekuti mapopoma makuru anoumbwa pamateru ayo.
Munzvimbo dzemipata munewo matsime emvura. Zvitubu izvi zvinopa nzizi dzeOhio neTennessee, idzo pakupera kwerwendo rwavo dzinoita mupiro wadzo kunzizi huru. Rwizi rweMississippi.
Makomo eAppalachian uye zviwanikwa zvehupfumi
Kutenda kumatanho akasiyana eshanduko panguva yePaleozoic Era, iyi cheni yemakomo yakamisikidzwa nezviwanikwa zvakakura muvhu rayo, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru zvehupfumi mudunhu.
Zviwanikwa zviripo kunharaunda, zvichashandiswa kubatsira nekufambira mberi kwenyika ndezvi:
Marasha uye bituminous marasha migodhi, ari chikamu chehupenyu hwehupfumi hwePennsylvania. Ichi chiitiko changa chichikura kubvira 1860, semota yekusimudzira mudunhu.
Vakuru vakamanikidzwa kudzika mitemo mitsva yekuti vangacherwa sei chicherwa ichi, kudzivirira kumwe kukanganiswa kwezvipenyu izvi.
Appalachian Mabasa Anofarira
Kufamba nzendo kana kufamba kunze uchipfuura nemunzvimbo dzine makomo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose.
Vanoda zvekufamba vanowana Makomo eAppalachian inzvimbo yekurota. Nezvisingaenzaniswi zvinokwezva zvechisikigo, pamwe nenzvimbo dzenhoroondo, dzinoita iyo sarudzo yakanakisa yekusangana nemasikirwo.
Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kudiwa yekufamba muUnited States, nzira yayo ndeye 3500 makiromita. Vatori vechikamu munzira, vanobva kuGeorgia uye vanopedzisa nzira muMaine.
Zviuru zvevatori vechikamu zvinopinda chiitiko ichi gore negore, zvichiyambuka nzira dzavanogona kuona mhuka nemiti yeko. Uye kuzorora kufema mumhepo itsva yegomo.
Kana iwe ukashinga kutora chikamu mune iyi inonakidza dhizaini, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti rwendo kuburikidza neidzi nzira dzisina kunaka asi dzinonakidza dzinoyambuka dzinopfuura gumi. Uye kana vakaramba nerwendo vachasvika kuchamhembe kweCanada.