Kusvibiswa nderimwe rematambudziko makuru pasi rese, nyika zhinji dzakakanganiswa nekuderera kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo, kunyanya muozone layer, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubuda kwakanyanya kwemagasi ane chepfu mumhepo, nekuti Tichazodzidza nezvazvo. Matanho Ekunzvenga Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo
Kusvibiswa kweatmospheric
Kusvibiswa kunozivikanwa sezvinhu zvese izvo zvinoshandura nharaunda, kusandura nharaunda zvisina kunaka uye kukanganisa mararamiro epasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro anoitwa nemunhu, akadai sekushandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa, kuwandisa kwevanhu munyika dzakabudirira, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, kuunganidzwa kwemarara ane chepfu; asi chimwe chezvakatanhamara nokuda kwesimba rayo guru pamusoro pemhepo yakapoteredza pasi kupisa kwemafuta ezvisaririra, chiri chisakiso chikuru chokushatisa kweozone layer.
Parizvino pane kuvapo kwezvinhu, zvinhu zvegasi kana simba riri kutenderera mumhepo, richideredza kunaka kwaro uye richikuvadza hutano hwezvipenyu, izvi zvinozivikanwa sekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Ichokwadi chinovanzika pasi rose uye chinoparira migumisiro yakakomba papasi, sezvo ava vamiririri vanochinja mhepo vanogona kufamba nokuzvitakura vamene kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, vachifukidza kwakasiyana-siyana pesvedzero pamhoteredzo.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunotangwa nemabasa emabhizimisi, makambani, motokari uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobudisa huwandu hwemagasi anosvibisa, zvakadai se carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, hydrides, pakati pevamwe; Iwo anozivikanwawo semagreenhouse magasi, rimwe nerimwe rinopesvedzera kwakasiyana-siyana uye ane hupenyu hwakareba kwazvo, saka anoiswa mumhepo uye anodhonzwa nemhepo.
Icho chokwadi chinoramba chiripo munyika yedu, maguta akawanda akabatwa nekupa huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo, kunyanya munyika idzodzo dzine kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri, zvichiita kuti mhepo yakashata uye inokanganisa hutano hwevanhu vose vanogara kumativi; kumutsa kufarira kwemasangano mazhinji ehurumende mukutora matanho ekutarisira vagari uye kuderedza mukana wezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemagasi anokuvadza mumhepo.
Kukosha Kwekuchengetedza Kwemhepo
Kune nzvimbo dzisina kukuvadzwa nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo dzakadai semakomo, dzine mhepo yakachena ine okisijeni yakawanda, nepo nzvimbo idzodzo dziri pedyo nemaguta kana nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, uko huwandu hweokisijeni hunoderera uye hunotsiviwa. carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide nevamwe. Mhoteredzo yorudzi urwu, inochinjwa nemagasi egreenhouse, inopesvedzera utano hwevanhu, ichidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye ichikonzera kutadza kufema zvakanaka, asima isingaperi, zvinetso zvemwoyo, nezvimwe, uye inowedzera kuipa sezvo kunaka kwemhepo kunoderera.
Zvikonzero zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinonyanya mumaguta, mharaunda uye misoro, uko nhamba huru yezvifambiso zvakaita semotokari, mabhazi, midhudhudhu, pakati pezvimwe, zvinotenderera; kushanda kwayo kunogadzira kupisa kwehuni yefossil, inoonekwa seinobva simba rinoshandiswa nemunhu uyezve chikonzero chekuburitsa magasi anokuvadza mumhepo.
Iyo nzira yekushandura fossil mafuta kuita simba inoshandiswa kune mamwe marapirwo akadai seanopisa, chiedza uye hydraulic magetsi emagetsi; anoonekwa semaindasitiri akakosha mukusimudzira nzanga, saka kubatsira kwavo mukukuvadzwa kwemuchadenga wemuchadenga kwakatanhamara. Saizvozvo, muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva mamwe maturusi anogona kubatsira kune ichi chinhu senge air conditioning, aerosols, refrigerants, pakati pevamwe, anoburitsa mashoma mashoma egreenhouse magasi asi achiri kukanganisa kuparadzwa kweozone layer.
Zvese izvi zvidiki zvinoburitsa zvinoshandura zvipenyu zvipenyu zvepasi, senge kutenderera kwemvura kunodzikiswa, nekudaro kuunza kushomeka kwemvura uye kurebesa nguva yezhizha, mukuwedzera mukukonzera kuunganidzwa kwemagasi mumhepo inotungamira mukugadziriswa kwechisikigo. mvura, ichigadzira mvura yakasvibiswa uye kunyange mvura ine acid. Kuvepo kwemvura yakachena mumhoteredzo kunofanirwa, kunze kwekuve imwe yemanyuko makuru ehupenyu, ine basa rekuchenesa nekuchenesa mhepo, sezvo inokweva zvidimbu zvinokuvadza uye inoderedza huwandu hwekusvibiswa.
Nekuda kweizvi, kudiwa kunomuka kwekushandisa ecological mota, inozivikanwa nekuve inovandudzwa kana yakachena simba risingabudisi magasi anokuvadza mumhepo; kuva nemusimboti kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kutarisirwa kwemuchadenga wemuchadenga, pasinei neizvi hazvisati zvashandiswa munzanga nekuda kwekuoma kwavo kuwana uye kunyanya nekuda kwekutsamira pakupisa kwemafuta.
Matanho Ekunzvenga Kusvibiswa kweAtmospheric
Kusvibiswa kweatmospheric idambudziko riri kukurukurwa zvakanyanya nhasi, tichiona kuti kune nyika dzakawanda dzakabatwa nekusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwakadai seChina neIndia, kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi mumaguta akadai seNew York, Beijing, Tokyo, Madrid, pakati pemamwe. Idzi nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nebasa radzo repamusoro rehupfumi, kuve nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzebasa uye kusimudzira mabasa emagariro; naizvozvo, dzinomirira manyuko okusvibiswa kunopfuurira nhasi.
Pakati pezvakanyanya kutaurwa zvikonzero zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo munyika idzi nemaguta, kuwedzera kwemotokari dziri kutenderera munzvimbo dzadzo, kuwedzera kwemaitiro emaindasitiri, kushaikwa kwemvura, pakati pezvimwe, zvinomira pachena. Nekuda kweizvi, masangano ehurumende anotsvaga mhinduro dzekudzikisa mwero wekusvibiswa mumhepo, vachishandisa matanho anotevera kuratidza:
Kudzokorora
Kudzokorodza imhando yemaitiro anoshandiswa kushandura marara kuita zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana kuita imwe mhando yezvigadzirwa; Ichi chiyero chinovimbisa kutora mukana wemarara uye kuderedza maindasitiri maitiro anoburitsa kuburitsa gasi rine muchetura mumhepo.
Kushandisa zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji
Mota ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakufambisa nhasi, saka kuburitsa gasi rine muchetura kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Pakati pemamwe matanho anokurudzirwa ndeyekushandisa zvifambiso zveveruzhinji uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvifambiso zvega kune izvo zvinodiwa chete, zvichibatsira mukudzoreredza ozone layer.
kugoverana kwemotokari
Vanhu vanoshandisa zvifambiso zvepachivande kunyanya kunyaradza, nyore kupinda uye kufamba nzendo refu munguva shoma. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kugovera motokari nevazivikanwi kana hama kuderedza kuwanda kwemotokari uye gasi rinobuda kubva pakupisa mafuta.
Motokari dzinoshandiswa zvishoma (dzemagetsi)
Muzana remakore rapfuura, mararamiro emagetsi emagetsi akaberekwa, zvichibva pamagetsi anoshanda nesimba remagetsi rinochengetwa mumabhatiri ekugadzirisa, gasi rayo rinobuda zvishoma, richionekwa semhando yesimba rakachena uye rinodzorerwa; saka, inomiririra kufambira mberi kukuru kuderedza kukanganisa pamhepo yemhepo.
Periodic mota wongororo
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi zvinosungirwa kuita bvunzo yekubuda kwemagasi anosvibisa, mukutarisira kuona kana mota ichienderana nemhando dzemagasi anoburitswa mumhepo. Kutarisa izvo zvinosvibisa zvakanyanya senge kabhoni monoxide, mahydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides uye kudzora kwehutsi.
Kufamba uye kuchovha bhasikoro
Panzendo pfupi zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mabhasikoro, inomiririra nzira yekufambisa inodyidzana nehutano hwevanhu uye inoderedza kutenderera kwemotokari.
Zvipfapfaidza zvinoburitsa magasi anosvibisa mashoma
Greenhouse gasi inosimudzirwa neaerosol zvigadzirwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa midziyo inoratidza yakaderera yemukati yemagasi anokuvadza, izvi zvinosimbiswa mune chitupa chinocherechedzwa mukushambadzira kwavo.
Chengetedza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira
Sezvo huwandu hwemaguta hunowedzera, kudiwa kwezviwanikwa uye kukura kwekuvandudzwa kwemaguta kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasvibira uye kuisa nzvimbo kumatambudziko ekumaruwa; kunze kwekukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemhepo nekuda kwekubuda kwegasi panguva yekuvaka. Chinhu chikuru chekudzikisa kusvibiswa ndechekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira mukati uye dzakapoteredza nzvimbo dzemadhorobha, sezvo dzichibatana nekuchengetedza mhepo mukati mavo.
Matanho Ekudzivirira Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo kubva Kumba
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakabatana nekukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemagasi anoburitswa mumotokari, nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, pakati pezvimwe. Asi kunewo chikamu kubva muzana kubva kudzimba sekushandiswa kwemafiriji nemhepo inofefetera; Pamusoro pezvo, sevanhu isu tinogona kupesvedzera chinhu ichi kuburikidza nekuputa uye kuputa fodya. Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza ibasa remunhu wese, kutanga kubva kumba, heano mamwe mazano:
Shandisa magirobhu emagetsi mashoma
Magirobhu emwenje ekushandiswa kwakaderera, anozivikanwawo sema LED bulbs, anoonekwa seyakanaka sarudzo yekushandisa simba remagetsi, kunyanya nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwawo nezvinhu zvishoma zvinosvibisa uye zvine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza; kuchengetedza mari uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemhepo.
Usatambisa mvura
Chimwe chiri kunyanya kunetsa inyaya yekuraswa kwemvura mudzimba, mumahofisi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemumadhorobha, zvikuru pakunogeza, kushandisa mapombi kana ma<em>double-filling systems kumatangi. Zvose izvi zvinomiririra kushandiswa kwesimba rakawandisa uye kushandira pamwe nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, izvo zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza zvakasimba kutonga kwemapombi emvura uye kudzivisa kuparara kwemvura inokosha.
Deredza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogara zviripo
Kune zvirimwa, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvinoshandiswa zvinofarira kukura nekuvandudzwa kwezvimwe zvekudya, zvichikanganisa mamiriro avo echisikigo uye kusvibisa nharaunda mukuita. Inokurudzirwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa izvi kuti uwane zvokudya zvine utano uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwevhu.
Dzivisa kushandisa dishwasher
Iyo yekuzvigeza yega sisitimu yemidziyo yemumba, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba nemvura; saka, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa cutlery kana non-biodegradable zvinhu.
Dzivisa kushandisa air conditioning
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemhepo yemhepo kunyanya munguva yezhizha kana yekusanaya kwemvura, nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya uko nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoiswa pasi, zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekuparara kwe ozone layer; Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mafeni anochengeta imba ichitonhorera zvakanyanya mukati mezuva uye kuderedza maitiro ayo pamhepo.
Chengetedza zvirimwa mumba
Zvirimwa zvine basa rekuita imwe yeanonyanya kukosha biochemical maitiro epasi, ndiko kugadzirwa kweokisijeni kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, ivo vanogona zvakare kutora kabhoni dhaidhiodhi inovatenderedza, ichiita seanochenesa mweya uye ichibvumira kuvandudza kunaka kwayo.
Shandisa extractors
Iwo anodonhedza ane basa rekuchengetedza kutenderera kwemhepo uye anobvumidza kufefetera idzo nzvimbo dzakavharwa senge kicheni, yekurara, yekugezera, pakati pevamwe. Kukonzera kuti magasi angave akanyura apararire uye asakanganisa hutano hwevanhu varipo.
Usaputa munzvimbo dzakavharwa
Rega kusvuta munzvimbo dzakavharwa, sezvo magasi nechepfu zvinobva kumidzanga kana kuti fodya zvinoungana, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuita kudaro pamateru kana munzvimbo dzinofefeterwa mhepo.
Shandisa zvinonatsa mweya
Air purifiers vane basa rekuchenesa nharaunda yese, vachibvumira mweya une hutano kune vanhu vakatenderedza; Rudzi urwu rwemudziyo runoshandiswa zvakanyanya neavo vanotambura nedambudziko rekufema kana allergies.
Pesvedzero yeAtmospheric Pollution
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa zvirwere muhuwandu hwevanhu, sekureva kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO) inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana matatu pagore vanorwara nedambudziko rekufema, kuwedzera uye kukonzera rufu. Chikamu che1,3% chenhamba idzi dzinogara munyika dzisina kubudirira, zvichiratidza kuti inyika dzisina mitemo inodzora kusvibiswa kwerudzi urwu. Kugara kwenguva refu kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yehutano hwakakomba, ngatizivei zvimwe zvacho:
Kuwedzera kwezviitiko zveallergies
Allergy ndeyekuita kwe immune system, kugadzira kunzwisiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana, ingave ganda, chikafu kana kufema; kuratidza iyo yekupedzisira yekugadzira rhinitis, asthma uye atopic eczema (vana, vakuru nevakwegura), mumakore achangopfuura kwave nekuwedzera kwemhando iyi yeallergies inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemunharaunda, ichiva chisingaperi uye ichikonzera kufa kwevanhu. .
Kuwedzera kwechirwere chemoyo
Zvirwere zvemoyo zvine hukama nekuperevedza kwemoyo, zvichiunza matambudziko neiyo circulatory system yemuviri wemunhu. Parizvino zvinoonekwa kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuri pachinzvimbo chepfumbamwe kune zvirwere zvemoyo, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwemagasi uye zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kushushikana kweiyo oxidative, systemic kuzvimba, aerothrombosis uye arrhythmogenesis muvanhu.
Kuwedzera kwekufema pathologies
Kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvisingaperi zvekufema kwakaonekwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekufema kukundikana, diphtheria, acute bronchitis, chikosoro, chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu nezvimwe.
Kuwedzera mune mamwe marudzi egomarara muhuwandu
Kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kune zvimedu zvakaturikwa mumhepo uye magasi anokuvadza anoburitswa neakasiyana siyana (mitoo yekufambisa, maindasitiri, maaerosols) inopa njodzi huru yekuva negomarara, kunyanya kenza yemapapu; kumira kunze mune avo vanhu vanovandudza zuva nezuva muzvikamu zveindasitiri uye muhuwandu hwevanhu, nekuda kwekunyanya kuratidzwa kwavo kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
Kukosha Kwemvura kune Zvipenyu