gungwa reAegean, iri pedyo neGungwa reMediterranean, inochengetedza ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro penhoroondo yehupenyu kubva pakutanga kwemunhu, inoperekedzwa netsika, hondo, nzvimbo, nzvimbo nezvimwe zvakawanda.
El Gungwa reAegean
El Gungwa reAegean ndiko kumucheto kweGungwa reMediterranean, iro rakakura. Kuwanda kwenhoroondo netsika kunoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa zvikuru. Yakanga iriwo chiitiko chehondo huru, mafambiro mukufamba uye kutsvaga "budiriro" dzakadai seMinoan neMycenaean.
Iyi nzvimbo yetsika dzakakura hainyatsozivikanwa kuti zita rayo rinobva kupi; kune vanhu vanotenda kuti imhaka yeguta reEgas kana kune mumwe hunhu mungano.
Hunhu hweGungwa reAegean
Gungwa riri kuchamhembe kweyenyika equator, pakati peTurkey Republic uye nyika yeGreece, gungwa iri rinochengetedza zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinenge 2.000, zvisingasanganisi makiyi uye mamwe magadzirirwo ari mukati maro. gungwa. Chikamu chikuru chinobva kuGreece, sezvazvakaita ne:
- lesbos.
- Rhodes.
- Chalk.
- Santorini.
- lesbos.
- Mykonos.
- Samos.
- Euboea.
Kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva unoenda kuGungwa reMarmara uchipinda nemuDardanelles Strait. Kuita hukama neGungwa Dzvuku kuburikidza neiyo yambotaurwa strait, iyo Marmara neBosphorus kana Istanbul Strait.
Iyo Aegean haina hombe uye kumaodzanyemba yakafara, yakakomberedzwa ne akati wandei magomba, zviteshi, migwagwa uye akati wandei zvitsuwa. Ivhu harina kurongeka nekwakabva matombo.
Nzvimbo iyo yakanyoreswa ndeye (214.000-215.000 square kilometers), ine chinhambwe che (700 km). Iyo yakafara magumo zviyero (400-440 km) inoenda kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva.
Gungwa idiki, asi rakadzika, munzvimbo dzakadzika zvikuru rinoyera (2.500 metres) panzvimbo iri mukati memvura iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGirisi uye pamhenderekedzo yeKrete inenge (3.543 metres). m). Nhambwe kubva kumahombekombe eGreece ingangoita (8.500 km), nepo iyo yeTurkey ingangoita (679 km).
Gungwa reAegean rakakamurwa kuita mitumbi mitatu yemvura ine maitiro akasiyana:
chikamu chekutanga. Iyo ine inosvika makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu metres, ine tembiricha mumwaka wezhizha we (40 kusvika 50 ° centigrade)
Yechipiri layer. Iyo iri pakati, ine hurefu hwe (40 kusvika 50 m) inosvika (200 kusvika 300 m) ine tembiricha inobva (11 kusvika 18 ° Centigrade).
Yechitatu layer. Ndiyo yepasi, ine tembiricha ye (13 kusvika 14 ° C), inopfuura kubva (300 kusvika 500 m) yakadzika. Pamusoro pezvose zvataurwa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti iri pakati pemakungwa anodziya zvikuru.
Iri gungwa rine zvikamu zvitatu zvine mamwe makungwa madiki:
- The Krete.
- The Thrace.
- The Myrtles.
dzakawanda Rivers kubva kuEurope neAsia vane nzvimbo dzekugezera mumvura idzi se:
- The Maritza.
- The Mesta.
- The Strymon.
- The Vardar.
Aegean Sea Formation
Zvinonzi pasi pegungwa ivhu rakadonha uye zvitsuwa inzvimbo dzine makomo dzakasiyana negungwa. Zvakangofanana nazvo, mukadzika iwe unogona kuona madhipi akasiyana uye kuvhurika, munzvimbo iyo inowanzotamiswa ye tectonic plates.
Zvirokwazvo, geologically, ivava mvura ichangoburwa, ine hupenyu muchikamu chakareba chekutamiswa kweiyo crusts, iyo yakavhura nzvimbo dzakasimuka munzvimbo dzakasiyana, nekunyura mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kwakabva makomo anoputika uye activation yavo yakaitwa gare gare. Nyika yakaguma yanyura, yakafukidzwa negungwa.
Mamiriro ari munyika anowanzozununguswa nokudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuputika kwemakomo, akafanana neakaitika mumazana emakore apfuura akaparadza chitsuwa cheThera ndokugadzira gomba.
Aegean Sea Archipelago
Kune zvitsuwa zvakasiyana-siyana mugungwa iri, izvo zvinoumbwa ne:
- Zvitsuwa zviri muSaronic Gulf, inonzi Saronic. Ivo vari pedyo neAtene. Pakati peboka rezvitsuwa pano pane Aegina, iyo yaimbova mukwikwidzi weAthens. Uye Salamina, iyo inoremekedzwa nekuda kwetsika yayo semusha weAjax Mukuru, gamba rakarwa muTrojan War. Zviwi zviviri izvi ndizvo zvikurusa.
- zvitsuwa zvecyclades. Inoumbwa nezvitsuwa mazana maviri nemakumi maviri. Zita rayo rinokonzerwa nechimiro chayo chedenderedzwa chakakomberedza chitsuwa che "Delos" chiri muboka rezvitsuwa. Zvitsuwa zvese zviri muboka iri zvine kukosha kukuru munhoroondo, ngano uye kushanya zvakare. The Cycladic civilization yakatanga pano mumakore 220 kusvika 3.000 BC.
- Chitsuwa cheEuboea. Zvinorehwa nezita rake ndezvokuti “kupfuma mumombe”. Ndicho chitsuwa chechipiri pakukura muGreece. Chimiro chayo chakareba, chitete uye chine makomo akawanda.
- Zvitsuwa zviri kuchamhembe, zvinonzi Sporades. Pakati pezvitsuwa zvakakurumbira ndezvi:
- Espiro, ndeyedunhu reEuboea, zvimwe zvitsuwa zvese ndezvedunhu reMagnesia.
- Skiathos,
- Skopelos
- Alonisos.
- Zvitsuwa zviri kuchamhembe, zita ravo ndiAegean.
- The Dodecanese Archipelago. Rhodes ndiro guta guru rayo. Zita rayo rinoreva zvitsuwa gumi nezviviri, kune zvimwe zvitsuwa zvinoumba zvitsuwa izvi. Iwo makuru ndeaya:
- Nisyros
- kasos
- Linden miti
- Astypalea
- Rhodes
- Karpathos
- symi
- Patimosi
- kalymnos
- cos
- leros
- Kastelorizo
- chitsuwa cheKrete. Ndicho chitsuwa chikuru mugungwa uye chakapa kurudzi rweMinoan yaitonga kumabvazuva kweMedithera muBronze Age. Guta guru ndiro Heraklion. Uchapupu hwekuchera matongo kubva kuBronze Age hwawanikwa munzvimbo ino.
- zvitsuwa zvecyclades. Boka rezvitsuwa zviri mukati mezita iri ndeizvo zvinosangana kumahombekombe eAnatolia uye hazvimiriri chitsuwa chimwe nechimwe. Vanodaidzwawo kuti Southern Sporades.
Fauna uye Flora
Gungwa harina kunyanya kukura, pasinei nokuti rine zvakasiyana-siyana zve "fauna uye flora". Pakati pemhando dzinogona kuwanikwa dzinosanganisira:
- The Dolphins
- Masperm whales (Panyama macrocephalus)
- Mamonk seals ariwo muGungwa reMediterranean (monachus monachus)
- Nyevedzi
- Porpoises akajairika (Phocoena phocoena)
Sezvo mamwe invertebrates anogarawo, senge crustaceans, decapods uye molluscs. Kune algae akakosha zvikuru mu Makungwa nemakungwa. Sezvo iri nzvimbo ine matombo, chikamu chacho hachina kufanana neGungwa reCaribbean. Vanhu vakashanyira ese masayiti uye vanoti hapana misiyano yakawanda. Kunyika huru kune miti yemiorivhi yakawanda.
Zvitsuwa zveGungwa reAegean mune epics yeGreece yekare
Mubasa reIliad, zvitsuwa zvakawanda zviri mugungwa iri zvakadanwa, izvo zvaive kudivi remauto, vaive vavengi veTroy.
Nzvimbo dzekuzvarwa dzeOlympian Gods
Ngano dzechiGiriki dzinoratidza zvitsuwa zveAegean senzvimbo yakazvarirwa Vanamwari veOlympian. Ngano dzakatenderedza zvitsuwa zveGreece dzinoita kuti zvikodzere sekwakazvarwa vanamwari veOlympic.
Nzendo dzeArgonauts
Parwendo rwakaitwa neArgonauts vachitsvaga "golden fleece", vakayambuka Aegean zvakanyanya munzira. Murwendo urwu, vakapfuura nemuchitsuwa cheLemnos, vakashamisika pavakaona kuti paingova nevakadzi, vakaponda varume vese. VaArgonauts vaive nenguva pachitsuwa ichi, vachibatana nevakadzi vesaiti uye kuwedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo.
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti maArgonauts akapfuura nezvitsuwa zveSamothrace, ndipo pavakatanga chakavanzika chavo, chikumbiro chakaitwa naOrpheus.