Manatee, mhou yegungwa kana trichechus inoumba genus yemhuka dzemammalian dzine sirenid dziri chikamu chemhuri yetrichechid (Trichechidae) uye ndiyo yega inomiririra mhuri iyi. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvese nezve manatee, tinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi.
The Manatee
Iyo inozivikanwa nekuve mhuka yakapfava uye kudya kwayo kunodya zvinomera, nguva zhinji vanoishandisa kutsvaga nekudya zvirimwa kubva kumahombekombe nemakungwa emvura isina kudzika. Iyo manatee inopedza hupenyu hwayo zvese mumvura ine munyu uye mumvura yakachena, asi iri padyo nemahombekombe eAfrica neAmerica.
Chikara chega chemhuka iyi munhu, uye zvisinei nekuti haina kusimbiswa, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti pane imwe nguva mhondi whale dzakakwanisa kurwisa manatee, nekuti manatee, ari hombe, mafuta. uye inononoka, saka idzo dzakanakira mhuka dzemhondi whale.
Asi nekuda kwekugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwematrichechids, ayo anonyanya kuwanikwa mumvura yemahombekombe uye isina kudzika kwazvo, uye mumvura yakachena iri munzvimbo dzinopisa, umo mhondi mawhale haigone kuwanikwa, isu tine rutendo rwekuti manatee yakachengeteka. kubva pakubatwa.
Zvinoreva zita rako
Izwi rokuti manatee mumutauro wekare weCaribbean, rinoreva naamai. Asi zita rayo resainzi rinobva paizwi rechiLatin rokuti trichechus, iro rinoreva tubvudzi tudiki kana matinji anogona kucherechedzwa pamuviri waro, nepo manatus richibva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti μανάτος kana manatos, iro rine hukama nechinhu chinowanikwa kune vese. nokuti dzinoyamwisa vana vadzo.
Mamwe mazita anoshandiswa kuadoma i<em>tlakamichin, inova mubatanidzwa wamashoko echiNahuatl tlaka, anoreva munhu, uye michin, anoreva hove; uye awakash zvinoreva mhou yemvura, zvakare muchiNahuatl.
Mutero
Maererano nemasayendisiti, genus iyi inoumbwa nemhando nhatu dzinoti:
- Trichechus manatus - Caribbean kana Florida manatee
- Trichechus senegalensis – African manatee
- Trichechus inunguis – Amazonian manatee
Kunyangwe vamwe vaongorori vachiti kune yechina mhando, inova:
- Trichechus pygmaeus - pygmy manatee
Tsanangudzo yeManatee
Manatee yeWest Indian imhuka huru yomugungwa, ruvara rwayo ipfumbu, ine muviri unomonereka panzvimbo yakati sandara, uye muswe wayo wakafanana nechirauro kana kuti chipunu. Ine mativi maviri anoumba maoko, ayo angaita sezvimbi, asi rimwe nerimwe rine nzwara nhatu kana ina. Musoro wavo nekumeso kuzere nemakwinya uye vane ndebvu pamhino, nekuti havana muromo.
Hama dzayo dzepedyo inzou uye hyraxes, izvo zviduku zvinoyamwisa zvakakura segophers. Zvinotendwa kuti manatee yakashanduka kubva kune chikamu chemvura inodya mhuka.
Manatee ekuWest Indian ane ukama nemantee ekuWest Africa, manatee yeAmazonian, dugong, uye mhou yemugungwa yeSteller, iyo yekupedzisira yakavhimwa kutozosvikira yatsakatika muna 1768. Mhuka yakura yakajairika inosvika pakureba anenge mamita matatu uye inogona kurema 550 kilos.
Habitat uye kugovera
Mhuka inogara mumvura isina kudzika, nzizi dzinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma, nzvimbo dzine mvura ine munyu, migero, nzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye mumikova yemvura, kunyanya umo mune bani rine uswa hwemvura kana kuti mune zvinomera zvine mvura yakachena zvakawanda. Ramba uchifunga kuti manatee imhuka inotama, saka inoenda kunzvimbo idzo dzine chikafu chiri nani.
MuUnited States, ivo vari mudunhu reFlorida munguva yechando. Kwemwedzi yezhizha tinogona kuiwana kumahombekombe edunhu rekumadokero kweTexas uye kuchamhembe kusvika kuruwa rweMassachusetts, asi dzakaonekwa mumatunhu eSouth Carolina, Georgia neAlabama muchirimo.
Panyaya yeAntillean manatee, nzvimbo yayo yekugara inowanikwa kumahombekombe uye nzizi dzeCentral America uye kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe kweSouth America, kunyangwe kuvepo kwayo munzvimbo idzi kusingaite, zvese zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. , mamiriro okunze uye zvokudya.
Kugoverwa maererano nemarudzi
Mhuka inonzi trichechus senegalensis inogara kumahombekombe eWest Africa; trichechus inunguis inogara kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweSouth America uye munzizi dzeAmazon, uye yechitatu, trichechus manatus, inogara muAntilles nenzizi nemakova munzvimbo iyoyo yeGungwa reCaribbean, kunyanya kumahombekombe eDominican Republic , inzvimbo ine nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvisikwa, iri nyika yekutanga iyo yakasikwa mitemo kuti ivadzivirire.
Iyo Florida manatee inorongedzerwa senge subspecies, inonzi Trichechus manatus latirostris, uye iyo West Indian manatee inoiswa seimwe subspecies, Trichechus manatus manatus.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, rudzi rwechina rwemanatee rwakatsanangurwa, sezvatatotaura, manatee maduku kana trichechus bernhandi. Iyo mhuka iri padyo neAmazonian manatee, inogona kunge iri subspecies, uye inongosvika 1,3 m kureba uye nzvimbo yaro inorambidzwa zvakanyanya, zvisingaite 120 km kumahombekombe eRwizi rweAruainho, inova mutero weAripuanii, uko kune mvura dzine macurrents uye inodya iri pahorizontal position.
IWest Indian manatee inogara yakagoverwa pakati peMexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba uye Bhahamasi.
Zvokudya
Kuva Manatee mhuka inodya uswa, inodya zvirimwa zvakasiyana, zvakaita sealgae nemashizha emango. Kuti vadye chikafu chavo vanoshandisa muromo wavo wepamusoro, wakakamurwa, inova physiognomic characteristic. Mamanatee akura anogona kazhinji kudya kusvika kupfumbamwe muzana yehuremu hwemuviri wayo, iyo inenge 50 kilos pazuva. Zvakajairika kuti manatee adye hove nguva nenguva.
Maitiro
Nekuti imhuka inoyamwisa, manatee inofanirwa kukwira kumusoro kuti ifeme mweya, sezvo iine pulmonary system. Nzira yavo yekuzorora ndeyekunyura pasi, pazasi pemvura, uye vanofema maminetsi matatu kusvika mashanu paavhareji, asi kana varatidza simba rakawanda, vanofanirwa kuuya vogara pamusoro. kufema mumasekonzi makumi matatu oga oga.
Asi kana yazorora, yakaratidza kuti manatee inogona kunyudzwa mumvura kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Mhungu inokwanisa kushambira ichimhanya makiromita makumi matatu paawa kana chinhambwe chiri chipfupi, asi kumhanya kwayo kwemazuva ose kuri pakati pemakiromita mashanu kusvika masere paawa.
Hupenyu hunotarisirwa, kufa uye huwandu hwevanhu
Iyo manatee haina vavengi vepanyama uye tarisiro yehupenyu hwayo inofungidzirwa kuva makore makumi matanhatu kana kupfuura. Sezvinei mumhando dzese dzemhuka dzinogara musango, chikamu chekufa kwemanatee chinonzi chinokonzerwa nezvinokonzeresa, senge kutonhora, matambudziko emudumbu, mabayo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinowanzoitika.
Nhamba huru yenzufu dzine chokuita nezvikonzero zvevanhu. Huwandu hwakakura hwekufa kwemanatee imhaka yekudhumhana nezvikepe muFlorida, zvakare nekuda kwekudzvanywa kana kunyudzwa mumakiyi kana zvivakwa zvekudzora mafashama kana kumedza zvikorekedzo, marara, kana tambo uye kubatwa mumitsara yemakara.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kushata uye kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yadzinogara ndiyo tyisidziro yakakomba iyo mhuka dzema<em>manatee dzaifanira kutarisana nadzo munyika yose. Zvinosuwisa kutaura kuti maererano nevatsvagiri veFlorida, muna 2011 huwandu hwemanatee hwaive vanhu zviuru zvina nemazana masere nemakumi matatu nemana.
Kuberekerwa
Huwandu hwayo hwekubereka hwakaderera, kune izvi zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti manatee haina kukodzera kubereka kusvika yasvika makore mashanu. Maererano neongororo, mhuru yemanatee inofungidzirwa kuti inoberekwa mukati memakore maviri kusvika mashanu, uye kubereka kaviri hakuwanzoitiki. Nguva yacho yakarebesa nekuti nguva yekuzvitakura kwemanatee imwedzi gumi nenhatu uye inoda nguva yekuchengeta vana vavo vasati vaita imwe.
Sezvatakamboratidza, makore maviri kusvika mashanu ega ega mukadzi anobereka mhuru, iyo inorema ingangoita makirogiramu makumi matatu neshanu pakuzvarwa, ine zviyero zviri pakati pe2 kusvika 5 masendimita pakureba. Kubva panguva yekutanga, vana vanovimba zvachose naamai vavo kuti vararame uye varambe vari padivi pavo kwemakore maviri.
Murudzi urwu, ndiamai chete ndivo vane basa rekutarisira nekudyisa vana, vachidya nemukaka kusvikira mazino avo anyatsoumbwa uye vachibvumira kuti igadzirise uye idye pamiti yega. Vadiki vanenge vakura kana vasvitsa makore mana ekuberekwa uye kuberekana kwavo pabonde kuburikidza nekusangana kwemukati.
Kutyisidzirwa nekudzivirirwa
Mhungu yave ichivhima nyama nemafuta ayo, asi pari zvino imhuka yakachengetedzwa.
Nehurombo, iyo Antillean kana Caribbean manatee, sezvainodanwawo, nhasi imhando iri munjodzi yekutsakatika. Kugara kwayo kwechisikigo kwakaderedzwa nekupinda kwemunhu, kuderedzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Nekuda kweizvi, matura emusikirwo aifanira kugadzirwa, akadai seRío Dulce, muGuatemala, inoratidzika seimwe yenzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzakachengetedzwa dzemanatee.
Panyaya yeFlorida manatee, nekuti yakagoverwa pamusoro peTropic yeCancer mutsara, zvakaonekwa kuti vanoungana nguva zhinji munzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzekupisa dzakaita semagetsi emagetsi.
Chii chinoitika kana vakaita izvi ndezvekuti havaite kufamba kwavo kwekufamba uye vanotanga kutsamira pane iyo yekugadzira sosi yekupisa, asi kana wavhara zvirimwa zvinofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekupisa mvura kudzivirira kunyangarika kwemanatee. vanhu.
Musi waChikunguru 15, 2014, iyo Costa Rican Congress yakazivisa manatee sechiratidzo chenyika chezvipfuyo zvemugungwa, nechinangwa chekusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwayo, nepo muna Chikunguru 23, 2019, Adán Augusto López Hernández, Gavhuna weTabasco akazivisa Jonuta, muTabasco, Mexico, senzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yemanatee.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemutemo
Iyo Antillean manatee parizvino inoonekwa seimwe yemhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika, mukati meAppendix I yeCITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora); kuitira kuti chero mhando yekutengeserana mune zvigadzirwa zvinobva kune manatee inorambidzwa.
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) inofungawo nezvemanatee ekuWest Indian (Trichechus manatus manatus) munjodzi yekutsakatika. Zvakanaka kuziva kuti iyo yose sirenia genus inodzivirirwa neprotocol yeCartagena Convention (SPAW) iyo inorambidza kutora, kuuraya, kutenga kana kutengesa manatee, kusanganisira zvikamu kana zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kune manatees.
Wildlife reserves uko Manatees anowanikwa
Pazasi tinogona kuona nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinogara Manatees:
- Dehwe uye munyu - Honduras
- Chocón Machacas Protected Biotope (muRío Dulce basin, Lake Izabal) - Guatemala
- Chetumal Bay – Mexico
- Estero Hondo - Dominican Republic
- Jaragua National Park - Dominican Republic
- Bay of the Eagles - Dominican Republic
- Tortuguero National Park - Costa Rica
- Turuépano National Park - Sucre State - Venezuela
- Bararida Zoological uye Botanical Park - Lara State - Venezuela
- Leather and Salado Wildlife Refuge – La Ceiba, Atlántida – Honduras
- Sanctuary yemanatee - Poblado shiri - Los buchecos Jonuta, Tabasco, Mexico
- Lagoon of Catazaja; Chiapas; Mekisiko
- Laguna de Caratasca Biological Reserve - Tenda Mwari (Honduras)
- San San Pod Sak Bocas del Toro, Panama
Tinokurudzira izvi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonakidza:
- Mhuka dzemugungwa
- Mhuka dzepanyika
- Mhuka dzepapurazi