Ko nyika ingadai yakaita sei pasina huni? Zvinenge zvese zvakaitwa neMunhu, kubva pamoto unodzivirira wemapako kusvika pauriri hweparquet, zvinotiyeuchidza nezvekutsamira kwedu kwechinyakare pazvinhu izvi zvakasikwa. Ndicho chikonzero mubasa iri tichaongorora kupfuura zvindori zvenguva yake, kuziva zvose pamusoro pake.
Pfungwa uye tsanangudzo yehuni
Chokwadi wakambozvibvunza huni chii. Nenzira yekuti tichatanga chinyorwa ichi kuyedza kujekesa kusahadzika uku. Kuti tive zvakanyatsojeka, tinogona kutsanangura huni sechinhu chinotorwa kubva mumatanda emiti. Chishandiso chinoshandiswa muzvinhu zvisingaverengeki zvekuvaka, pamwe nekuve yekare pamafuta ese.
Nepo isu tichigona kutsanangura huni sechinhu chakaumbwa neakaomesesa seti yematishu ayo anozoita kuwanda kwemadzinde emuti, achifuratira makwati awo.
Kuti uve neruzivo rwakajeka rwekukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo, tsananguro inowanzopihwa kwairi seyakareruka, yakanyanya ductile uye inopikisa kuvaka chinhu, yakashandiswa nemunhu kubvira kare, inobatsira.
nhoroondo yehuni
Sezvatakatarisira mukutanga kwedu, nhoroondo yevanhu yakanyatsobatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwehuni.
Zvinoitika kuti huni hwaive chinhu chekutanga chekuvaka chaivepo kumunhu. Kunze kwekushandiswa sehuni nechombo pakuvhima, yaikoshawo zvikuru mukutsvaga kwemadzitateguru edu kuwana pokugara.
Saka zvakaita kuti dumba raiva nezvitsigiro zvemapuranga uye denga remapazi rakapa pokugara pamamiriro okunze. Asi ikoko kwaingova mavambo bedzi, mazana amakore gare gare yaizoshandiswa mukuvaka mabhiriji nengarava.
Saka hukama hwedu nehuni hwechinyakare zvekuti hunyanzvi hwelamination hwakabatana nekushongedza kwekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi hwaizivikanwa nevaIjipita mugore re3000 BC. zveC
Izvi zvakatanga nekuda kwekushaikwa munzvimbo yehuni ine hunhu hwekuvakisa, izvo zvakaita kuti vagadzire nzira dzeveneer uye inlay.
Unyanzvi hwakakwana
Kubva pamavambo ari kure kusvika kuzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uhu humhizha hweEgypt hwekuputira hwakachengeta chimiro chayo chehunyanzvi. Izvi zvaive nekuda kwekuti zvaida ruzivo rwepamusoro pamusoro pezvibatsiro zvehuni, pamwe chete nebasa rakanyatsonaka rekucheka uye gluing.
Saka, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, nzira dzemazuva ano dzokucheka ndiro dzakatanga. Gare gare, pakutanga kwezana remakore rinotevera, kutengeserana uku kuchatora kumwe kusvetuka kwakakosha nekuuya kwezvitsva zvitsva. Ipapo ndipo patinoziva pepa replywood, rine hunhu hwasara nanhasi.
Iri pepa rine ductile zvokuti rinogona kukotama nyore nyore, richigamuchira chero chimiro, icho chinowedzera kukosha kune unyanzvi hwekuvaka.
Pakupedzisira, pane iyi pfungwa tinogona kuwedzera kuti huni, kana compact kana laminated, yakashandiswa mukugadzira zvose motokari uye ndege. Zvakare mufekitari yezvikepe.
Zvitsva zvekuchengetedza uye zvinonamira, vana vekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri ekupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye inotevera muhuwandu hwayo, vakawedzera zvikumbiro zvehuni, kuishandura kuita yakasimba, yakasimba uye ductile elements, izvo zvatinogona kuona zvino kuita chikamu chezvinenge zvese zviri munharaunda yedu. Asi, pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kwose, zvakakosha kuva nezvakawanda Kuziva kwezvakatipoteredza kuitira kuti usapedza zvachose chigadziro ichi chechisikigo.
Chimiro kana kuumbwa kwehuni
Kuti uenderere mberi mune ino chinyorwa, zvinodikanwa kutaura nezve chimiro chehuni. Chinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa chinhu chinodiwa ichi.
Chinhu chekutanga chekucherechedza ndechekuti huni inoumbwa nemasero anouya pamwe chete uye anopindirana. Iwo masero ane tubular chitarisiko uye ehurefu hwakasiyana.
Nenzira yakadai, kuti kana uchigadzira chikamu chemuchinjikwa zvikamu zvinotevera zvinogona kuonekwa:
Medulla uye medullary mwaranzi
Inomiririra nzvimbo yepakati, iyo zvakare ndiyo yekare.
Ichi chikamu chehuni chinoumbwa nemigumisiro yekuomesa uye resinification. Inotora chimiro checylinder mu axis yechirimwa. Inoumbwa nemasero edenderedzwa anoratidza pachena pores mumabond angles avo.
Mwoyo
Iri izwi re botanical rinoreva nzvimbo yehunde inobatanidza chikamu chehuni tishu, iyo ndiyo yakaoma chikamu chehuni.
Inowanikwa mukati mechikamu chepakati pehunde nematavi, ichiumbwa nemasero akafa, seyekunze akaipoteredza.
Kunyanya kunyanya ndiyo nzvimbo pakarepo kusvika pakati pemuti, wakagadzirwa nematanda akaoma. Inogezwa mune mamwe macompounds echirimwa chaiwo, senge tannin, ayo anoupa iwo ruvara rwepingi rwakasiyana.
Basa guru rechikamu ichi chehuni ndechekupa chirimwa chimiro chakasimba chakasimba kuitira kuti chigone kutsigira uremu hwehunde nemashizha ayo.
Iriwo mavambo ekukwanisa kwehuni kuita sechinhu chekugadzirisa muzvivakwa, chimwe chinhu chinowanzofananidzwa nehumwe humwe hunhu hwesimbi.
Sapwood
Izwi rinoreva chikamu chitsva chehuni. Mupfungwa iyi, inowanikwa mumarin'i ekupedzisira ekukura kwemuti, chimwe chinhu chinogadzirwa nekuita kwevascular cambium muhunde yemuti.
Iyo inzvimbo yehunde yechirimwa iri pasi pehusk, uko mitsva yekukura mhete inoverengwa.
Inosiyana neheartwood pakuti ine ruvara rwakareruka uye yakapfava muchimiro. Iyo zvakare inopindika uye inonyorova kupfuura muvakidzani wayo.
Iyo inobatana mukutsigira kwechimiro, pamwe nekuyerera kwesap uye mukuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakachengetwa.
cambium
Iri ndiro jasi rinogadzira, rinowanikwa pasi pegoko rakagadzirwa nemakomba ane mapaneru akatetepa kwazvo, anokwanisa kushandura chimiro nekuda kwekutevedzana kwesero kuwanda. Izvi zvinoumba zviso zvemukati zvehuni itsva, iyo inovawo chikamu chekunze chephloem.
Mitsetse yehuni itsva iyi inogadzirwa nemapuranga echirimo, ane ruvara rwakajeka. Asi zvakare inoratidza hunyoro hunyoro, semugumisiro wekukura kukuru kwezvinomera munguva yechirimo uye chikamu chezhizha.
Cortex
Iyo inozivikanwawo se rhytidome. Iro dhizaini rinovhara kunze tsinde nemidzi yemiti yehuni.
Uyezve, inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu-zvishoma: phloem, phloem uye vascular cambium.
Pasinei nekungove chidimbu chekunze, chinogona kumiririra kusvika ku15% yehuremu hwese hwechirimwa.
Basa rayo guru nderokuzviparadzanisa uye kudzivirira kwemiti yemiti kubva kumhepo yemhepo.
Zvimiro zvemuviri uye kushandiswa kwehuni
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekufunga nezvazvo, kana tichida kunzwisisa kuti huni inogona kushandiswa sei nenzira yakanakisisa mubasa rekuvaka kana mukugadzirwa kwemaoko.
Uye hatifanire kuvhiringa izvi zvemuviri uye zvechimiro zvimiro neizvo zvekurapa, zvekudya, zvekushongedza kana zvimwe zvakawanda kwakabva. Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, mune izvo zvatichagadzirisa pazasi, isu tichataura zvivakwa zvinonetsa, kunyanya, indasitiri yekuvaka.
Pamusoro peizvi zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive kuti maitiro ehuni achagara ari basa rekufambira mberi kwayo, hupenyu hurefu uye hunyoro, pamwe chete nemhando dzakasiyana dzevhu iyo inowanikwa uye zvikamu zvakasiyana zvegiyo.
Asi ngationei kuti ndezvipi zvakakosha zvemuviri zvehuni.
anisotropy
Ziva kuti zvimiro zvehuni hazvisi nguva dzose zvakafanana kune ese makwara kuburikidza neakapihwa vertex. Nenzira yekuti isu tinokwanisa kutsanangura matatu akakosha nzira umo zvinhu izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuyerwa, zvinoti:
- Axial: Inoitika parallel kune nzira yekukura kwechirimwa, iyo inozivikanwawo sefiber direction.
- Radial: Izvi zvinomhanya perpendicular kune axial, ichicheka axis yehunde.
- Tangential: Inogona kuitika muchimiro cheaya maviri apfuura.
Humidity
Sezvo huni iine hygroscopic mamiriro, inogona kutora kana kupa unyoro, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Mvura inosunungurwa inopera zvachose mune imwe nguva. Asi kune chikamu chinoramba chiripo - pamwe chete nemvura yebumbiro. Iyi ndiyo mvura yakasviba, iyo inofananidzwa nehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza hunopoteredza huni, kusvikira kuenzana kwasvika.
Pamusoro pekutaura kuti huni yakaomeswa mumhepo yakashama.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvakare kuti hunyoro hweichi chinhu chechisikigo hunogona kusiyana mune yakakura kwazvo paramita. Semuenzaniso, huni huchangochekwa hune hunyoro hunogona kubva pakati pe50 ne60%.
Izvi zvakakosha, zvichipiwa kuti kusiyana kwehunyoro kunobvumira huni kuti iwedzere kana chibvumirano, nokudaro ichishandura huwandu hwayo uye huwandu.
strain range
Huwandu hwehuni hunowanzo shanduka sezvo hunyoro hwayo huchisiyana, izvo zvinogadzira, sezvatakambotaura, kupera uye kuputika, izvo zvinoreva dhigirii yekuremara.
Ngatiyeukei kuti huni chinhu chinopinza, izvo zvinoreva kuti kusiyana kwehunyoro mukutungamira kwemafiber kunenge kusingaoneki. Kunyangwe izvi zvichichinja mune inochinjika pfungwa.
Chakavanzika chekuchinja uku muhuwandu huri mukukwanisa kutora mvura mumadziro ehuni yehuni, apo mvura inounganidza pakati pemasero, nekuita kwekuparadzanisa kana kukwezva.
Ipo panonyura yenhevedzano yetsinga dzinoenderana nehunyoro, panguva iyo madziro etsinga dzehuni idzi anenge atora mvura yese yaanogona kusveta. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuwedzera kwesero, saka huni hunowana huwandu hwepamusoro, hwakafanana ne30% mwando.
Asi zvinoshamisa, huni hunokwanisa kuramba huchiwedzera huwandu hwemvura yakachengetwa, kunyange izvi zvisingaonekwi mukuwedzera kwehuwandu hwayo, sezvo mvura iri munyaya iyi inobata nzvimbo ye capillary uye tracheids yehuni system. Iyi ndiyo inozivikanwa semvura yemahara.
Mukuwedzera, kukanganiswa kunoitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwehunyoro hwehuni huchatungamirirwa nechinzvimbo icho chikamu chiri mubvunzo chinogara muurongwa. Nenzira yekuti akasiyana deformation anogona kucherechedzwa, zvese radial uye tangential.
Kuwandisa
Nezve pfuma yehuni iyi, tinogona kutaura izvo zvinozivikanwa se Density chaiyo, zvakangofanana kumarudzi ose. Nenzira yekuti izwi rinozivikanwa re1,56 rinogona kutsanangurwa.
Ipo iyo density inooneka inoshanduka maererano nemarudzi, kunyange izvi zvinogonawo kuitika mumhando imwe chete. Ichi chiitiko chinotarirwa nehuwandu hwehunyoro uye nzvimbo yaro muchirimwa.
Zvino ngationei kuti misiyano iyi ndeipi zvichienderana nemhando:
- Wild Pine: pakati pe0.32 ne0.76Kg/dm3
- Black Pine: 0.38 - 0.74Kg/dm3
- Tea Pine Huni: 0.83 - 0.85Kg/dm3
- Fir: 0.32 - 0.6Kg/dm3
- Larch: 0.44 - 0.80Kg/dm3
- Oak: 0.71 - 1.07Kg/dm3
- Oak: 0.95 - 1.20Kg/dm3
- Beche: 0.60 - 0.90Kg/dm3
- Elm: 0.56 - 0.82 Kg/dm3
- Walnut: 0.60 - 0.81 Kg/dm3
Kuti uvhare pfungwa iyi, unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti matanda ese akaiswa maererano neayo density inooneka, seinotevera:
- matanda anorema
- Chiedza
- chiedza chakanyanya
Thermal properties yehuni
Kufanana nemidziyo yese, huni hunowedzera mukupisa uye hunomanikidza muhupo hwechando. Zvisinei, chiitiko chakadaro hachiwanzoonekwa neziso rakashama, sezvo kukwira kwekushisa kunofambidzana nekuderera kwehunyoro.
Zvino nekudzikisira kwehunyoro imwe yacho inova isingaonekwi.
Asi mafambiro ari muperpendicular direction yehuni tsinga dzinosimukawo. Ipapo kuchinjana kwekupisa kuchave kwakabatana nekunyorova, huremu chaihwo uye mhando dzechirimwa.
Zvisinei, kutapurirana kunobudirira kucharekodhwa kana ichimhanya munzira yefibers, pachinzvimbo chekutevera perpendicular directions.
zvinhu zvemagetsi
Chinhu chakakosha chaunofanirwa kuziva nezvehuni ndechekuti kana yaoma iyo yakanakisa insulator yemagetsi.
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti mwando resistivity level ichaenderana negwara, iro rakaderera kana riri munzira yefiber. Asi zvichaenderana nemhando yehuni, iyo yakakwirira mumatanda iwayo ane mafuta uye resin.
Chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kusiyana uku ndiko uremu chaihwo, nekuti kuva hombe kunowedzera huwandu hwekunyora huni.
huni kuoma
Kuoma kwezvinhu zvakakosha izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa sekutsungirira kunopesana nezvose kupfeka uye kukwenya, kurovera uye kureba nezvimwe… Sezvaungafungidzira, iyo yekare uye yakanyanya kuomarara, iyo inokwirisa kupikisa kwainopikisa.
Uku kuoma kunogona kugoverwa sezvizvi:
iyo yakaoma zvikuru
- Ebony
- Rowan
- Holm muouki
- Yew
iyo semi-yakaoma
- Oak
- Maple
- Fresno
- Lamo
- Acacia
- Cherry
- Almond
- Chestnut
- they at
- Walnut
- Alder
- peya muti
- Apple muti
dzakapfava
- Musipiresi
- Chenjerera
- Sauce
the landas chaizvo
- Linden
- white poplar
huni huremu
Ichi chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza huni hwakakodzera hwechivako. Izvi zvichasiyana zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakasiyana:
- Humidity: Huni dzose dzichangotemwa dzinorema kudarika huni dzine nguva yekuoma.
- Resin: huni hunoita huremu hunorema kupfuura iyo isina musanganiswa uyu.
- zera remuti: Huni dzembesa dzinenge dzakura dzakakora uye dzinorema kudarika dzezvinomera zvidiki.
- kukurumidza kukura: Puranga rechirimwa rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma rinogara rakasimba uye richirema kudarika iro rinokura nekukurumidza.
- Sapwood kuvapo: Ichi chakareruka kupfuura danda remoyo, kuitira kuti chimedu chine sapwood chinorema zvishoma pane chimedu chimwechete chakagadzirwa neheartwood chete.
- Kuwandisa: Iyo yakanyanya kusimba huni, iyo yakawanda yehuni system uye mhepo shoma iyo yakaoma sampu icharatidza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chidimbu checarob chichayera zvakanyanya kudarika chimwe chezviyero zvakafanana, asi zvakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehuni dzinochengetedza nzvimbo huru pakati pemadhaka, sezvo idzi dzakazadzwa nemhepo muhuni hwakaoma. Kune muenzaniso uri nani: balsa huni yakareruka zvakanyanya, sezvo inopfuura 90% yehuwandu hwayo yakaoma imhepo.
huni kugadzikana
Huni huchangobva kuchekwa hunorasa hunyoro hwekudzikamisa muchikamu ichi nemhoteredzo.
Kuomeswa kwemhepo kunogona kutora mavhiki kana mwedzi. Izvi zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwehuni hwehuni, kunze kwehupamhi hwayo, hunyoro hwepakati pezvakatipoteredza uye kukurumidza kwemhepo inotenderera pakati pemapuranga.
Panyaya yehuni dzakagadzikana, dzakadai se teak uye mahogany, shrinkage ishoma panguva yekuoma, saka vanochengetedza maitiro avo akanaka. Nepo izvo zvisina kugadzikana, pakati peiyi mamey chibvumirano zvakanyanya, saka ivo vanowanzoita arch uye kumonyoroka, mukuwedzera kukuratidza kunotyisa kutsemuka.
Kuti adzivise kukuvadzwa, matanda achangobva kutemwa anofanira kuiswa pamapallet uye panzvimbo ine mumvuri, uko asingakanganiswe nemvura kana kuwandisa madhiramu.
Pamatanda asina kugadzikana
Panyaya yehuni husina kugadzikana, kuomeswa kunononoka, kunoda kuti kucheneswe kuita zvidimbu zvitete uye kudzivirirwa kubva kumhepo.
Ramba uchifunga kuti kugadzikana kwehuni kuchaenderanawo nekukura kwemuti, pamwe chete nechinzvimbo chemapuranga chero mukati megiyo.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mapuranga akachekwa kubva kumatavi kana danda rakakura rakatsamira, ipapo huni kune rumwe rutivi rwepakati ichave yakasiyana muhuwandu. Chiitiko chakadaro chichaunza kukakavara kwemukati kunogona kutungamirira pakukotama uye kuputsika kwemapuranga.
Chimwe chinhu chichakanganisa kugadzikana kwehuni ndiko kuchekwa kwakagamuchira bhodhi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuchekwa munzira yeradial, tichifunga kuti iwo matanda ane zvindori zvekukura anoratidzwa perpendicular kumusoro kwebhodhi, akatsiga kupfuura ayo akachekwa mune tangential direction. Muzviitiko izvi zvindori zvinowedzera kana zvishoma kuenderana nepamusoro.
munhuwi wehuni
Mamwe matanda anopa kumwe kunhuwirira kana akachekwa. Kunhuwa uku kunogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakakurira muti.
Sezvakaita muvara, kunhuwa kwehuni kunokonzerwa nemakemikari ayo anochengeta, kunyanya mukati memwoyo.
Kune vakawanda vanoziva nezvenyaya yacho, danda remusidhari ndiro rinopa kunhuhwirira kukuru uye kwakanakisa kana richinge richangovharwa. Hwema hwayo hunotorwa kubva kune essences yemuto. Izvi zvave nemukurumbira zvekuti zvinoshanda sehwaro hwemamwe makambani ane mukurumbira anonhuhwirira pasi rose.
Vamwe vanotoisanganisa nesinamoni kana clove, kuti iwedzere kukosha kwayo.
Iyo inozivikanwawo kuti kunhuwa kwemisidhari kunoshandiswa se decongestant, apo matambudziko emhino anoitika.
Thermal uye acoustic insulation
Makomba ari muhuni anokanganisa kufamba kwekupisa kuburikidza nawo. Izvi zvinozvipa hunhu hweanoshamisa thermal insulation.
Mukuwedzera, pasinei nekukwanisa kwayo kusingagoneki kupisa, inozivikanwa kuti inogona kunonoka kupfuura moto, kana iri matanda akakora.
Nepo maererano nezwi, maitiro ayo ekudzivirira haana kunyanya kukwirira, kunyanya kana achienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinonyanya kushanda.
Mechanical properties yehuni
Pano zvinhu zvakakosha zvakabatanidzwa kubva pakuona kwekuvaka. Kudzidza kwayo kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwayo kwakasimba kuchaguma nekugadzikana kukuru kwezvivakwa, ndiko kuti, zvichave zvakachengeteka kumunhu.
kumanikidza simba
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda, zvakadai sekunyorova, iyo inofanira kunge iri pasi pehuwandu hwekuzara kwemafibers, iyo 30%.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti simba rekumanikidza rinozokwira kana humidity level yadonha. Zvisinei, kubva kune iyo 30% kuramba kunoramba kuripo.
Zvinokonzerawo kutungamirirwa kwekuedza. Kunyanya kupikisa kuchave kwakabatana nekuedza kunoitwa munzira imwechete yefibers, asi iyo inodzikira sezvainosimuka kubva kune iyo nzira.
Panguva ino, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuziva kuti kuputsika mukutsikirira kunosimbiswa nekureba kwemakoramu emapuranga uye arching yavo yega.
Kusimba simba
Huni ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanyokodzera zvebasa rekumanikidza. Kushandiswa kwaro muzvinhu zvakaratidzwa kune simba iri kunongoderedzwa nekuoma kwekuendesa simba rekukwevera kwavari.
Iyo anisotropic chimiro chehuni chisikwa chisikwa chine chekuita neiyi hunhu. Nenzira yekuti kushorwa mugwara rakafanana kuchave kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mune perpendicular direction.
Tension fracture inowanzoitika kamwe kamwe. Saka munyaya iyi zvinogona kunzi huni chinhu chisina kusimba.
Flexural simba
Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuti huni hahuna zvachose kuramba nekukotama kushushikana, zvese radially uye tangentially. Kunyange zvazvo zvakafanana hazviitike kana kuedza uku kuchishandiswa perpendicular kune fibers.
Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita chinhu chiri pasi pesimba rekukotama chinoremara, zvichigadzira kudzikiswa kwehukuru hwema fiber epamusoro, nepo paine kurebesa kweazasi.
Kana isu tichigadzira chero chinhu chehuni chinozovhenekerwa pakukotama, kunze kwekufunga kuti inopesana nemitoro ichaita pairi, zvichave zvakakosha kudzivirira kuwedzeredza deformation iyo inogona kuburitsa kuputika kwejasi.
Nokuda kweizvi zvinenge zvakakwana kusimudza muganhu kana kureba kwechidimbu, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma.
Mhando dzehuni
Kuti tipedze, tichaona kuti miti inoiswa sei mumapoka maererano nemhando yakapiwa maererano nemhando dzakasiyana dzehuni:
resinous woods
- Pino
- Musipiresi
- Chenjerera
- Cypress
- Misidhari
hardwoods
- Oak
- Holm muouki
- they at
- Olmo
- Chestnut
- Alder
- Fresno
- Acacia
- poplar
- Sauce
- Eucalyptus
- Miti yemichero
- Walnut
- Cherry
- Olive
Tropical kana African huni
- Mahogany
- Ebony
- Sapele
- Teak
- embero
- iroko