El bhuku rechirimo inopfupikisa kurwisana kwaHoward Roark nehurongwa hwemagariro evanhu hwemakore ekuma 30. Zvikurukuru, kuburikidza nebasa iri tinoona kuti gakava rinonakidza pakati pekuzvimiririra uye tsika inogadzirwa sei. Verenga kuti uwane ruzivo rwese.
Chitubu, basa pane zvakajairika uye zvemazuva ano zvivakwa.
bhuku chitubu
El bhuku rechirimo Iro rinoumba bhuku rekutanga rakaita kuti munyori waro, Ayn Rand, abudirire muna 1943. Inyaya iri pakati pezvinoshamisa nedzeuzivi, apo zvinhu zvinechekuita, kunyanya, kumunhu uye mweya wemunhu zvinotariswa.
Rand inovandudza rondedzero ye bhuku rechirimo munyika yezvivakwa, izvo zvisinganyatsozivikanwi kwaari paanotanga kunyora chinyorwa muna 1936. Nokudaro, munyori anoona kudiwa kwekuita tsvakurudzo yakawanda pamusoro penyaya yacho.
Panyaya iyi, Rand anofanirwa kuverenga akawanda ehupenyu uye mabhuku ezvivakwa, nekuda kwaanoita kubudirira kugadziridza zano nevatambi. Kutaura zvazviri, the bhuku rechirimo inoratidza archetypes akasiyana ehunhu hwemunhu, imwe neimwe iine manuances akasiyana ehunhu.
Saka, panguva yekuvandudzwa kwe bhuku rechirimo mavara anocherechedzwa kubva kune anotorwa semurume akakodzera kusvika kune ari pakati nepakati. Wekutanga munhu wekuvimbika uye misimboti yakasimba, nepo wekupedzisira anokwanisa kutengesa vanhu vakamupoteredza, kusanganisira iye, kuti abudirire.
Kazhinji, iyo bhuku rechirimo Iri ibhuku rakakonzera kukakavara kukuru, sezvo zvakajairika kuwana zvose zviri zviviri tsinhiro dzinotsigira kana dzokupikisa. Vamwe vevanomushora vanoti manyorerwo ebhuku iri haadi uye anogumbura, asi dzimwe nyanzvi dzichiti rine manyorero akanakisa.
Ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakaita kuti bhuku iri ritore nguva yakareba kuti ritsikwe. Panyaya iyi, muvhidhiyo inotevera, tinogona kuona kubvunzurudzwa kwavakaita naAyn Rad pachake.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune avo vanofunga nezve bhuku rechirimo sekutanga kwesangano rerusununguko muUnited States. Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vanotenda kuti chinyorwa ichi chiratidzo mukati mezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano zvemunyika uye Howard Roark, protagonist, inzvimbo yakakosha yekurudziro mukati merudzi irworwo.
Vanonyanya kutaurwa
Sezvatareva, the bhuku rechirimo kunomutsa gakava pakati pokuzvibata kwomunhu oga negamuchidzanwa, pamwe chete napakati peperero yomunhu oga nokushaikwa kwenheyo dzakasimba. Chii chinopembedza kuvepo kwemavara akasiyana, pakati pawo anotevera anotaurwa:
howard roark
Ndiye munhu mukuru we bhuku rechirimo, uyo muna 1922 anodzingwa kubva kuchikoro chezvivakwa nekuda kwekuramba kusiya maonero ake ehunyanzvi uye ega. Iye akazvimiririra, akasiyana uye ane mweya wepamusoro, anokwanisa kurwisana ari oga achipikisa magungano emagariro evanhu uye mazano ekutanga.
Panguva yekuvandudzwa kwe bhuku rechirimo, Roark anorwisanawo nevamwe vanhu vanoedza kukanganisa kufambira mberi kwake pamberi pezvivakwa zvemazuva ano uye zvine musoro. Zvisinei, ane chokuitawo nevanhu vanotsigira maitiro ake epakutanga.
Kufunga kwaRoark kunonangidzira ngwariro pakudikanwa kwekuvaka zvivako zvinoshanda, zvinobudirira, zvinobudirira uye, kupfuura zvose, zvakadzikama pakati pezvakanaka nevavariro. Muchidimbu, mugadziri wechidiki anopesana nekutevera tsika yezvakaitika kune kukanganisa kwepakati pfungwa yekugadzira uye kusununguka kutaura kwemweya wezvivakwa.
Roark's Principles
Nenzira iyi, Roark, akasimba nemisimboti yake, anosarudza kugara muNew York kuti ashandire mumwe wevagadziri vanomukurudzira: Henry Cameron. Kubva pakutanga vese vanoshanda pamwechete, vachisiya chitambi chavo chega pabasa rega rega, zvisinei, basa ravo hariwanzo zivikanwa.
Imwe nguva mushure mekunge Cameron aenda pamudyandigere, Roark anotanga kushanda naPeater Keating, mugadziri akapedza kudzidza aine mamakisi epamusoro asi asina misimboti. Uhu hukama hwebasa hunotora nguva pfupi, sezvo protagonist ye bhuku rechirimo anodzingwa basa nemumwe wevashandi vekambani, avo vanomuona seasingaite.
Zvisinei, Roark haaregi uye anoramba akatendeka kune chivimbo chake. Nechikonzero ichi, anosarudza kushanda ega uye anovhura hofisi yake yezvirongwa zvekuvaka, izvo zvaanofanira kuvhara nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevatengi.
Gare gare, mugadziri anotanga kushanda mugomba regranite, panguva iyo anosangana naDominique Françon, mwanasikana wemuridzi wegori. Iyo nyaya naye inokurumidza kupindirana, ichiita zvechisimba zvepabonde, kudzamara Roark amurasa pasina yambiro.
Muedzo wekutanga
Mushure mekusangana kwakasarudzika naDominique, Roark anodzokera kuNew York uye anotora dhizaini yetemberi yakatsaurirwa kumweya wemunhu. Nekudaro, haazive kuti musungo wakarongwa naEllsworth M Toohey, munyori wenyaya yeThe New York Banner, anopesana nemaitiro emahara emugadziri.
Iro basa riri mubvunzo nderemutero kune ego yemunhu uye rinosanganisira mushwi chivezwa cheDominique. Izvi zvinokwevera kushoropodzwa kwakanyanya kubva kuruzhinji rwevanhu uye vanopedzisira vamhan'arirwa nemutengi, uyo akazoshandiswa naToohey.
Pakupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo Dominique achitora rutivi rwake, Roark anopomerwa mhosva yake yekusaremekedza uye isina tsika, uye anoguma arasikirwa nemhosva. Mushure meizvi, zvinoshamisa, anova mumwezve mutsoropodzi webasa remugadziri.
kutongwa kwechipiri
Gare gare, Keating anoratidza kufarira kwakanyanya mumabasa aRoark uye anomukumbira kuti agadzire chirongwa chaanochiva. Iyo protagonist ye bhuku rechirimo Unobvuma, chero zita rako risati raburitswa uye zvese zvemagadzirirwo ako zvakachengetwa.
Nekudaro, Roark paanodzoka kubva kurwendo anowana kushamisika kusingafadzi: basa rapera, asi Keating haana kuchengeta vimbiso yake. Panguva ino, mugadziri, asingafungi nezvemigumisiro, anosarudza kuputika nheyo dzechivako.
Nyika yese inopindura kurudziro yaRoark, ichimuendesa kutongwa zvakare, sezvatinoona muvhidhiyo inotevera, inobata nechikamu icho chefirimu chakavakirwa pa bhuku rechirimo.
Pakutanga, Gail Wynand, muridzi webepanhau reThe New York Banner uye shamwari yaRoark, anomudzivirira, asi nenguva isipi mwero wekutengesa unodzikira uye anotarisana nedambudziko. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Wynand anoratidza nayo chivimbo chake uye anodzosera chinzvimbo chake pamberi pemaitiro ekuvaka eshamwari yake.
Gare gare, pakutongwa, Roark anogonesa dare nekutaura kwemanzwiro nezve ego uye kukosha kwemisimboti. Saka vatongi vanomuwana asina mhosva; panguva imwe cheteyo iyo Wynand anoziva chikanganiso chake; pakupedzisira, apo basa guru raakaronzeswa naWynand rava kuda kupera, Roark anoroora Dominique.
Peter Keating
Keating akadzidza zvivakwa naHoward Roark, asi ndiye akapesana. Panyaya, haana zvachose njere uye okugadzira zvinhu; anewo makaro uye anogaroisa pfuma pamberi petsika.
Sezvineiwo, panguva imwechete iyo Roark anotamira kuNew York iye zvakare anotama. Basa rake rekutanga muguta rinoitwa kufemu ine mukurumbira Françon & Heyer, yaanozove shamwari yake nekuda kwekugona kwake kubata kumeso vakuru vake.
Saizvozvo, kunyangwe Keating akaroora muzukuru waEllsworth M Toohey, Catalina Halsey, anotanga kufarira Dominique, mwanasikana waGuy Françon uye munyori wenyaya yeThe New York Banner. Zvisinei, haadzokeri nokuti achangobva kusangana naRoark uye, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga vaine kurwisana, pakupedzisira anobatanidzwa naye.
Gare gare, apo Roark akaunzwa kukutongwa kwake kwekutanga, Keating anopupura achipokana naye, achitaura kuti iye mugadziri weorthodox pachake. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Dominique, aodzwa mwoyo nemashandiro anoita nzanga, anobatana naye muwanano.
Keating hupenyu hwerudo
Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti Keating anobvuma kuroora Dominique nokuti inosanganisira zvikomborero zvakakura kwaari kupfuura zvaanogona kuroorana naCatalina. Nokudaro, anoratidza zvakare kuti vavariro nemakaro zviri pamusoro pezita rake rezvaanokoshesa.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kujekeswa kuti rudo rwechokwadi rwaKeating ndiCatalina. Kutaura idi, soufakazi hwaikoku, anoramba chikarakadzo chake chokuonana nababamunini vake, vaanogona kubetserwa zvakananga kwavari; kune rumwe rutivi, kubva panguva yekuroorana kwake naDominique, anomunyengetedza kuti ataure uye aite chero zvaanoda kuti abatsire. Zvisinei, ukama hahugari kwenguva refu.
Mushure mekurambana kwake, Keating anotanga kuzvibvunza uye, achinzwa sekunge akundikana, anoita kuti Ellsworth M Toohey amubatsire. Chinangwa chake ndechekuwana komisheni ine muto inopihwa neprojekti ine chekuita neCortland imba complex.
Gare gare, apo Toohey anobvumirana, Keating, achiziva kubudirira kwemabasa aRoark, anomukumbira rubatsiro nekugadzirwa kwezvakaoma. Panyaya iyi, vagadziri vese vanosvika pachibvumirano asi Keating inotadza kutevedzera, zvichikonzera kugumbuka kwaRoark.
Muchidimbu, Keating haana ushingi hwokudzivirira zvaanotenda kana kuti zvaanotenda. Kunyange zvazvo achiwanzozvidemba paanobvuma kuti ari kuita zvakaipa, haawanzodzokera shure, kunyange kana zvichireva kurasikirwa nezvinhu uye vanhu vaanokoshesa zvechokwadi.
Dominique Francon
Ndiye mwanasikana waGuy Françon, muridzi wekwari kwakamboshanda Roark. Akanaka uye ane rudo, uye zvakare munyori wepepanhau reThe New York Banner.
Dominique paanongosangana naRoark anonzwa kukwezvwa zvakanyanya kwaari, kunyangwe vese vachiramba, vanozopedzisira vapinda munzira yemusango uye yerudo. Nekudaro, iyo protagonist ye bhuku rechirimo anongoerekana amusiya kuti aite zvinhu zvebasa.
Zvisinei, kunyange pasina kuva pamwe chete, anokurudzira basa raRoark, sezvo mugadziri anoita chivezwa chakanaka mukukudzwa kwake. Chimiro chaDominique chisina kupfeka chinozorora mutemberi yakatsaurirwa kumweya wemunhu, iyo Toohey yaakatuma zvine hutsinye kubva kuRoark.
Gare gare, mugadziri wepurani paanotarisana nokutongwa pamusoro pebope rakakonzerwa netemberi ichangobva kuvakwa, Dominique anotaura achimumiririra. Kunyangwe achiedza kumubatsira, hazvina kukwana uye haakundi mumhaka.
Chiitiko ichocho chinoshandura mararamiro ehupenyu hwaDominique, uyo akaora mwoyo uye anozvikanda mumaoko aKeating. Kubva panguva yekutanga, anomunyengetedza kuita uye kutaura zvaanofunga kuti zvakakodzera uye haapikisa.
Aya ndiwo maitiro Dominique anova mutsoropodzi weRoark uye mubatsiri weKeating. Kune rimwe divi, anobvuma kurara naGail Wynand, achichinjana nemurume wake kuwana komisheni hombe kubva kumuridzi webepanhau reThe New York Banner raanoshandira.
Gare gare, nechibvumirano pakati paWynand naKeating, Dominique anova mudzimai womuparidzi. Nekudaro, moyo wake uchiri waRoark, saka anomanikidzwa kubvuma maonero emugadziri uye pakupera kwenyaya anomuroora.
Gail Wynand
Ndiye muridzi webepanhau reThe New York Banner, kunze kwekuve mupfumi, aneshungu uye anoda masimba. Inoshandisa simba rakakosha pamafungiro evanhu, kunyanya maererano nezvematongerwo enyika.
Pane imwe nguva, Wynand anobhadhara Keating kuti arambane naDominique, uye Dominique anobva ava mudzimai womuparidzi. Kuchido chaWynad, anohaya Roark kuti avake imba yavachagara vose.
Pasina kuziva nyaya yerudo pakati pemukadzi wake naRoark, vanova shamwari dzakanaka. Muchokwadi, pakutanga apo wekupedzisira anotarisana nekutongwa kwake kechipiri, murume waDominique anomutsigira uye anomudzivirira.
Zvisinei, apo zvinofarirwa nebepanhau zvinotanga kutapurwa nerutsigiro rwainopa kuna Roark, Wynand anofuratira zvaanotenda ndokunyunyuta pamusoro pomukurumbira wepepanhau. The Spring book.
Dare parinosunungura Roark pamhosva yaari kupomerwa panguva iyi, Wynad anoratidza uye anonzwisisa chirevo chisiri icho chaapa kutonga kusvika pari zvino. Saka anofunga kuvhara bepanhau uye anotuma Roark neimwe yekupedzisira dhizaini: kuvaka skyscraper mukukudza ukuru hwemunhu oga.
Nenzira iyi, kudonha kwehumambo hwakavakwa naWynad kunosanganisira kurasikirwa kwebepanhau, mukadzi wake Dominique neshamwari yake Roark. Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura kuti uyu hunhu anokwanisa kudzikinura hunhu husina kunaka huripo muhupenyu hwake, sezvinoitikawo mune pfupiso yekuramba kwaErnesto Sabato.
Ellsworth M Toohey
Iye munyori wepepanhau reThe New York Banner, nyanzvi mukutsoropodza art. Ane hunhu hwakaipa uye ane shungu dzekuwana simba pamusoro pemhomho, izvo zvaanowana zvishoma nezvishoma kutenda kumaonero eruzhinji anogadzirwa nezvinyorwa zvake; Nekuda kwehunhu hwaToohey husina kunaka, anoisa zvibodzwa zvake pakuparadza basa raRoark, raanoronga zano: kuronga smear campaign kurwisa mugadziri.
Nenzira iyi, anonyengetedza muzvinabhizinesi ane simba kuhaya Roark, uyo anofanira kumuitira chirongwa chakakosha. Ipapo, anorayira kuvakwa kwetembere yakatsaurirwa kumudzimu womunhu, izvo zvinoparira nyongano muvagari venguva iyo vanochengeta uye vetsika.
Gare gare nharaunda inoisa kumanikidza uye Roark anotarisana nemhosva yechipiri. Izvo zvinogutsa vavariro dzakasviba dzaToohey, zvine chekuita nekuvenga kwake kune chero chinhu chinorasika kubva kune chikuru.
Gare gare, Keating anoshandisa pesvedzero yaToohey kuhwina basa reprojekiti pane hombe dzimba. Nekudaro, Keating anokumbira rubatsiro rwaRoark kuita dhizaini yebasa.
Iyi purojekiti zvakare inoguma nenjodzi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemazwi kwaKeating pamberi pekuzvipira kwake kuna Roark, uye mugadziri wezvivakwa zvakare akashorwa nekuda kwemahara ake uye kuita zvekumhanya. Saka zvakare, Toohey anogutsikana kuti akashandisa rimwe simba pamusoro pekurwiswa kutsva pakufunga nebasa reiyo protagonist yebhuku. bhuku rechirimo.
Mhedziso
bhuku chitubu Inotaura nezvenyaya idzo, mune chero chikamu, dzinogona kukonzeresa kukakavara, senge: ego, mweya wemunhu, chishuvo, kudiwa kwesimba, kuzvimiririra, misimboti yemunhu, pakati pezvimwe. Nekudaro, munyori Ayn Rand anokwanisa kuvavandudza nehunyanzvi hukuru mukati mechiitiko chiri nyore kunzwisisa kune vaverengi.
Kune rimwe divi, mune ino chinyorwa tinowanzo kuona kuti vanhu vakapesana sei vakatarisana uye, pakupedzisira, avo vane anti-values vanoratidza. Chidzidzo chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti tese tinokwanisa kuisa parutivi udyire uye chido chesimba uye neshungu dzakanyanyisa.