Mashizha eMiti pamwe chete nemakwati nehukuru hwayo zvinotibvumira kusiyanisa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Shizha rega rega remuti rine hunhu hwayo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iwo mafingerprint ezvidyarwa zvakakura izvi. Muchikamu chino tinokuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvevashandi vakanyarara ava.
mashizha emuti
Nekuda kwemashizha emiti unogona kuwana chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu, senge oxygen. Nokudaro basa ravo guru, ndivo vane basa rekugadzirisa carbon dioxide panguva yephotosynthetic process kubatsira kuchenesa mweya uye kupa oxygen yehupenyu. Havasi kungoshanda chete kuti vawane nzvimbo yakanaka, asi ndiyo nzira yekuchengetedza chirimwa chiri chipenyu, nokuti kuburikidza nemashizha uye maitiro ayo ephotosynthesis anogona kukura uye kufema.
Zvikamu zveMashizha eMiti
Muti mumwe nomumwe une zvigunwe zvayo zvinomiririrwa nemashizha awo, ane maitiro akasiyana mumhando imwe neimwe. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakakosha kuziva mumusimboti zvikamu zvinoumba mashizha emiti uye nokudaro kukwanisa kunzwisisa maitiro avo.
iyo petiole
Rinoreva hwaro hunobatanidza bazi nedzinde rechirimwa kana chigadziko cheshizha. Iro rakatetepa cylindrical chimiro chinogona dzimwe nguva kuva chidiki kana kusatombo.
Stipules
Izvi zvinoumbwa kune rumwe rutivi rwefoliar base ye vascular plant, kureva kuti, vane sap transport system, izvi zvinogona kusiyana muchimiro nekukura, pane kazhinji pane shizha rimwe nerimwe uye basa rayo nderokudzivirira foliar primordium uye kana yasvika pakukura kwayo inenge yanyangarika.
Limbo
Iyo inonziwo lamina, zvinoreva chikamu chakati sandara, icho chiso chepamusoro chechiso chinonzi danda, iro rinoratidzika kusviba muruvara uye nechepazasi, iro rinova rakareruka muruvara. Kurongeka zvinoenderana nemupendero weblade ndeiyi: yakatsetseka kana yakazara, yakapetwa, ine mazino, yakatsemuka, yakatsemuka kana serrated.
Apex
Iri izita rinopihwa kumucheto wepamusoro weshizha, kureva, zvinopesana nehwaro. Hazvinyatsotsanangurwa nguva dzose sezvo izvi zvinoenderana nechimiro cheshizha.
Rumbabvu
Inoreva tsinga dzose dzinowanikwa mushizha, kuburikidza neiyi vascular network iyo sap inotenderera uye nenzira iyi inotaurirana neimwe yechirimwa.
Axillary bud
Axillary bud inzvimbo yekubatana pakati peshizha nedzinde uye inonyanya kugadzira nhungirwa dzinogona kuberekana kana kungoramba dzakarara.
Kurongwa Kwemashizha eMiti
Mashizha emiti ari kuenda kunogadziriswa nenharaunda yaanowanikwa uye saka chimiro icho shizha rayo rinotora kuti riwane kugadzirisa zviri nani. Heano maitiro akasiyana-siyana emapepa akaiswa mumapoka:
- Zviya
- Zviri nyore: ndiyo iyo shizha rimwe chete rinozvarwa pane imwe neimwe petiole, kureva, shizha rimwe chete.
- Musanganiswa: ndiyo inoumbwa mashizha akati wandei anonzi matsamba.
- nembabvu
- Uninervias: idzo dzine tsinga imwe chete yepakati.Anonyanya kuwanikwa mumiti yakaita semipaini
- Plurinervias: kusiyana neiyo yapfuura, iyi ine branching yetsinga.
Mazita emashizha emiti
Mashizha emiti anokamurwa zvichienderana nechimiro chawo, mupendero, tsinga, uye kuratidzwa. Pano zvakaitirwa kuti zvizivikanwe hunhu hwega hwega hunokubatsira kuti uwane pepa rega rega zvichienderana nekutaridzika kwaro.
Nekuda kwechimiro cheblade
Muchikamu ichi iwe unowana akasiyana maumbirwo anogona kuratidzwa mumashizha emiti, uchifunga kuti inoreva chikamu chakapepetwa chinozadzisa basa rephotosynthesis. Imwe neimwe fomu inotsanangurwa pazasi:
- Ensiform: Ndiko apo bakatwa rinenge rakaita sebakatwa uye rinopera nepoindi.
- acicular: Yakagadzirwa netsono, yakareba uye inopinza, inopera mumusoro wakanyatsotsanangurwa.
- Filiform: Ipepa rakatetepa uye rakanaka rakafanana neshinda.
- linear: Iyo blade yakatetepa zvakanyanya uye yakatetepa ine micheto inofambirana.
- Oblanceolate: Rudzi urwu rweshizha rwakaita semuseve kana kuti oval.
- Oblong: Oval muchimiro, yakareba kupfuura yakafara.
- Ovhari: Iine chimiro che elliptical.
- Rhomboid: Rudzi urwu rweshizha rune hunhu hwerhombus.
- ovate: Iine chimiro chemazai, chigadziko chayo chakafara uye chinopera mune yakanyatsotsanangurwa apex.
- Obovate: Kusiyana neovate, iyi inopera nehupamhi hwepamusoro.
- Corda: Pepa iri rinoratidzwa muchimiro chemoyo.
- Zvakacherechedzwa: Chimiro chayo ndechemwoyo wakapidiguka.
- Deltoid: Inotaridzika sebhii rechiGiriki, rakafara pazasi uye kumusoro kwakanaka
- Orbicular: Inoratidzwa muchimiro chakatenderedzwa.
- reniform: Inofanana nechimiro cheitsvo.
- Spatulate: Shizha iri rine spatula shape, yakatetepa yakananga kugaro uye yakafara kumusoro.
- Flabellate: Inoratidzwa muchimiro chefani.
- Panduriform: Chimiro cheshizha iri chakapamhama kuzasi uye chinokura chakananga kumusoro, kuita kunge gitare.
- mbira: Rudzi rweshizha urwu rwakapamhama kuzasi, rinotetepa nepakati, uye rinowedzera kuenda kumusoro.
- mhanya: Rudzi rweshizha urwu rwakapatsanurwa kuita mativi akadzika uye akachinjika akananga kugasi, nekumusoro kumucheto kweiyo convex imwe uye yepasi yakatwasuka.
- Updated: Ishizha rakanongedza rine mativi maviri akasiyana-siyana pazasi.
- Sagittate: Inotaridzika semuseve uye pazasi ine maviri acute lobes.
Nechimiro chepamusoro
Apex inomiririra magumo eshizha rega rega, kureva kuti, muromo uri kure nepasi. Anotizivisa mamiriro echirimwa chacho. Kufa kweApical kwakabatana nemamiriro ekunze, matambudziko nemudzi wemuti, kunyanya kushandiswa kwefetereza, kusvibiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Pano tinopa kurongeka kweapex zvichienderana nechimiro chayo:
- Acuminate: Ndiyo apo iyo terminal yeblade inzvimbo yakanyatsotsanangurwa
- Acute: Iyo terminal yeblade inoratidzika seyakanyanya kona.
- acuminate zvakanyanya: Ndiyo apo blade iri elliptical uye inopera kamwe kamwe munzvimbo yakanaka.
- Apiculate: Ichi chimiro chinogona kutsanangurwa seapex iri kuumba zvine hunyoro kuita poindi yakanaka.
- Caudate: Inoratidzwa muchimiro chakareba semuswe.
- Cuspidated: Iyo yakanyanya kutetepa kupfuura inopinza acuminate, sezvo iyo apex inoumbwa kuita yakanaka point.
- Mucronate: Musoro wacho wakaumbwa sechinhu chisingaoneki, kureva nzvimbo isingaonekwe.
- Mucronulate: Iyo inoshamisa asi idiki zvakadaro.
- Obtuse: Lamina ine elliptical in shape uye apex iri muchimiro che obtuse angle.
- Yakatenderedzwa: Musoro weshizha wakatenderedzwa zvachose.
- Yakatemwa: Painounzwa inenge yakatwasuka, kunge yakachekwa.
- Retuse: Iyo blade inoratidzika semi yakatwasuka kana isina kucherechedzwa neine zvishoma apex.
- kusunungurwa: Shizha rine kaburi kadiki panhongonya, asi rakajeka zvikuru.
Nekuda kwechimiro chechigadziko
Nheyo yemashizha emuti ndiyo chikamu chakakura chinobatanidza petiole ne stem. Mune zvimwe zviitiko mamwe maappendages ezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana anowanikwa. Nheyo yacho inokamurwa zvichienderana nechimiro chayo sezvizvi:
- Acute: Kana hwaro hweshizha pedyo nepetiole hunoumba acute angle.
- Obtusa: Nheyo yeblade inoumba kona yakashata.
- Acuminate: Chigadziko ichi chinotanga segonyo rakakwana.
- dimmed: Iyo blade inoderera muhupamhi kusvika yasvika petiole.
- Cuneate: Mune izvi mativi eblade anoenda zvakananga kune petiole.
- Tambo Ndiyo apo blade inoumba rudzi rwemwoyo wakananga kune petiole.
- reniform: Iyo yakafanana chaizvo nechordate, asi isinganyanyi kutaurwa ichiva yakanyanya kufanana neitsvo.
- Updated: Ipo ndipo panoumbwa mativi maviri akasiyana-siyana pazasi.
- Sagittate: Yakafanana nehastada asi marobhoti ayo haana kusiyana zvakanyanya.
- Auricular: Marobe maviri madiki asinganyanyi kutaurwa anoumba pazasi peshizha.
- rounded: Iyo lamina inobatanidza petiole nenzira yakatenderedzwa.
- Yakatemwa: Iyo lamina inobatanidza petiole inenge yakarurama.
- Zvisina kuenzana: Iko kusanganiswa kwelamina kune petiole haina kuenzana asi yakatenderedzwa.
- Oblique: Muchiitiko ichi lamina inobatanidza petiole ine chimiro chisina kukwana.
Kumucheto kwepepa
Mucheto kana kuti inozivikanwawo sebadza, inomiririra chimiro kana kutaridzika kweshizha reshizha, izvo zvinoita kuti mhando yega yega yemashizha emuti ive yakasiyana uye inozivikanwa. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:
- Zvose: Muchiitiko ichi, hapana chinhu chinoita kuti pepa rive rakasiyana, sezvo rinoratidzwa zvakanaka.
- serrulated: Iyo yakanyatso kutevedzera miromo yedikidiki yakaita sebanga rakatsemuka.
- Sawn: Inopa mhando yezvisinganyanyi kutaurwa.
- Sawn Kaviri: Yakada kufanana nesawn asi nhongonya dzinonyanya kutaurwa uye pane mhango pakati pawo.
- Crenate: Yakada kufanana nekucheka asi kwete muchimiro chepamusoro-soro asi nenzira ine mutsindo zvishoma.
- Lobed kana Lobed: Iine chimiro cheanonyatso kutaurwa lobes, concavities kunze uye convexities mukati.
- Zvakaoma kana kuputika: Margin yekunamatira mapoinzi anoumba notch uye concavities.
- Curly: Inopa kunze concavities uye mukati convexities, asi nenzira yakanyanyisa kunaka.
- Subsection: Inopa fungidziro yekudyiwa nechimiro chayo chisina kujairika.
- zvinokukurwa: Zvakafanana nechimiro chewavy asi masaisai aya anoratidzwa zvisina kurongwa.
- Zino kana prickly: Iine chimiro che serrated margin asi yakanyanya spiny izvi kuitira kudzivirira chirimwa kubva kumhuka dzinodya ura.
Muti Mashizha zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuti
Mashizha emiti anozogadziriswawo nemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo nenzvimbo uye mamiriro echirimwa. Miti inogona kupatsanurwa kuva mapoka makuru matatu: miti yakasvibira, yekushongedza nemichero.
- mashizha emuti wakasvibira: Mhando iyi yemashizha inoramba yakanamatira kumiti gore rose, muenzaniso weiyi muti wemuorivhi, une shizha rinoramba rakanamatira pabazi kwenguva yakareba.
- Ornamental Tree Mashizha: Miti iyi iri pakati peboka remashizha ane mashizha nokuti ane mashizha ane imwe nguva yenguva inofanira kusungirirwa kumatavi, kunyanya akagadziriswa nemamiriro ekunze. Ivo vanozivikanwa nemuvara wavo, ukuru uye maumbirwo. Mashizha anosiyana-siyana muruvara kusvikira abva pabazi.
- mashizha emuti wemichero: Miti iyi inowanikwa zvikuru ine mashizha emhando ye evergreen.
Dzidza zvishoma nezvemashizha emuti nekuona vhidhiyo pazasi:
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemiti nekutevera izvi zvinongedzo: