Wakamboda kuziva zvakawanda nezvezvinodhaka here? Bhuku re General zvinodhaka nhoroondo naAntonio Escohotado yakanakira iwe! Muchinyorwa chinotevera, tichakupa muchidimbu pamwe nekudzokorora.
Nhoroondo yose yemishonga
Iri ibhuku rine chinangwa chekudzidzisa, kuongorora kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye nokudaro kururamisa kushandiswa kwavo, rakanyorwa nemuzivi Antonio Escohotado, akafunga seimwe yemabasa ake anokosha, apo mishonga mikuru munyika yose inoongororwa zvakadzama. achitiudza nhoroondo yavo, nokudaro achifumura mavambo ezvaanoti zvinodhaka.
Iri bhuku rinosanganisira mifananidzo inodarika mazana matatu inoita kuti bhuku iri risafananidzwe mubiography yenyika nekuda kwekururama nekudzika kwaro. Rakatsikiswa muSpain, richipepetwa nekuburitswa kekutanga 1983.
Iine mapeji 1542, edition gumi neshanu (yekupedzisira yakatsikiswa muna 2006) uye yakaturikirwa zvishoma, mamwe akazara muFrench, Chirungu, Italian, Portuguese, Bulgarian neCzech. Mutauro unonyatso kutaura uye wakaomarara unogona kuverengwa zviri nyore.
Ibhuku rinoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: "Nhoroondo yezvinodhaka" uye "chinyorwa chomunhu pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvakasiyana-siyana"; izvo zvinoita kuti rive basa rinosvikirika kune avo vanoda kugutsa njere dzavo neiyi erudite yakanyorwa mharidzo.
Resumen
Basa racho rinotaurira nenzira yakananga uye yakanyatsojeka nhoroondo yemishonga iyo yakambobudiswa mumavhoriyamu matatu akasiyana, umo inewo apendix yebhuku rinonzi "Kudzidza nezvezvinodhaka", iro bhuku rezvinyorwa zvinokurudzira uye zvinhu zvinounza zororo. .
Nekuda kwenhamba yemapeji ane bhuku racho, tinogona kuona nekamwe fundo yaro yakadzama panhau iri kurongwa neiyi nzira: Miti, zvinhu, kushandiswa, nzvimbo yezviremera, pakati pezvimwe.
Bhuku rinotaurirawo nhoroondo yezvinodhaka kuburikidza nematunhu akasiyana, zvitendero zvenyika dzakasiyana (chiGiriki, Hindu shamanic), uyewo kubva pakuona kwehumambo hukuru, hwakadai sechiKristu.
Mubhuku, vanogona kuonekwa vakanyorwa nenhamba yakawanda yemienzaniso, umo kupesana kwekare kune zvinodhaka kunoratidzwa, zvakadai se: Waini yakatyisa budiriro yeGreeco-Roman, saka matanho akatorwa kurambidza kushandiswa kwayo.
Mumwe muenzaniso waanotaura ndewekuti vakacheka maRussia nemaEgypt nekuda kwekunwa kofi. Nenzira yakafanana, kwakaitika nefodya muPersia uye mukwanyina weParaguay akarambwa neVatican, achikwaniriswa semotokari yasatani.
Pasina kupokana, chinamato inyaya inonetsa mune ino mamiriro, asi iyi ndiyo inowanzo nyanya kuoneka mumeso everuzhinji, sezvo kusahadzika kwakawanda uye kuda kuziva kunogadzirwa. Munyori anotora mhedziso pakati pemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemishonga inogona kushandiswa mutsika kuwedzera mhosva kana kutya uye kuti zvingasanzwisiswe sei.
Kutsanangura yekutanga semabiko asinganzwisisike anogona kuratidza mweya wevakatendeka uye anopinzwa mukati sehumwari. Uye imwe yacho sekuchinja kwehuipi kwenyama kunomanikidza vanhu kuti vazvipe vamene nekuda kwamwari uyu kana kumushumira.
Kuferefeta kwakadomwa kunopa nguva yekurambidza yakatanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, izvo zvakazoita kuti "vapanduki" vaone pakati pezana ramakore uye zviri pachena kudzvinyirirwa kwepasirese nevatungamiriri.
Zvakatsanangurwa kubva kubasa rekutsvagisa rakaomarara rezvinyorwa zvisingaverengeki zvengano uye zviwanikwa zvinogadzira zvinyorwa zvakakwana zvakakwana, Escohotado inofumura zvine hungwaru kushandura bhuku iro vazhinji vangafunga kuti rinofinha kuita kuverenga kwekuda kwehungwaru hwaro.
Pamwe nekunakigwa chose, ine manyorerwo akanakisa uye mazwi akasanganiswa nemaitiro ekutanga uye anopindwa muropa anoita kuti chiitiko chemuverengi akanaka chifunge.
Pachisarudzo chemutengi, basa iri rinogona kuverengwa rose kana kusvetukira kune zvitsauko zvinonyanya kunakidza, sezvo richipa yakakura-index-index umo misoro yese yarinovhara inogona kuoneka zvakajeka.
Rine mamwe mareferensi epazasi pepeji iyo munyori anotisiira uye pamwe kuti muverengi anakidze kwazvo, sezvo zvichizobvumira kusiyanisa uye kuwana kuverenga kutsva kubva kune ino kunogona kugutsa kuda kuziva nezvenyaya yacho.
Apendikisi iyo ine bhuku Kudzidza kubva kuzvinodhaka, inofanirwa kuva rudzi rwebhuku rinobatsira nenzira yakarurama kuswedera pedyo nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa, zvose miriwo uye zvinhu zvinoshanda. Chikamu chenhoroondo hachina kukura uye chinoreva sumo pfupi kune akasiyana hallucinogens uye, panguva imwe chete, inovakoka kuti vashandise zvine hungwaru.
Iine huwandu hukuru hwenhoroondo yepasirese mumapeji ayo akarongeka anomutsa ruzivo, anovhara ngano uye anovhura maziso eavo vanoiverenga, pamwe nekufambisa kubvunzana pasina kutongwa.
Pakupera kwebhuku, rinomiririra kuongororwa kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana iripo kuitira kuti muverengi atore ruzivo urwu, kana achida. Bhuku rinonyatsotsanangura pfungwa dzinotevera:
- active dose.
- Mushonga unouraya weMedhia.
- Chaiyo tolerance factor.
- Dosage uye shoma nguva inodiwa.
- organic mhedzisiro.
- psychological effects.
- Mishonga miduku.
- Mushonga wepakati.
- High doses.
- kupesana chaiko.
- Nzira dzekukurumidza kubata kudhakwa kwakanyanya kana paranoid trances.
- Toxicity yezvinonyanya kutsiva panguva imwe neimwe nenzvimbo.
Ongorora
Munyika izere nekupomerwa kwakashata uye kusanzwisisana, basa raAntonio Escohotado, General History of Drugs, rinouya mberi, sezvo rine chinangwa chekuwedzera chekubvisa chirevo chisina kunaka chatinopa shoko rokuti "zvinodhaka".
Chinochipa zvishoma zverudo uye kufungidzira inyaya yekuti munyori akanyora iri basa rakanaka kuseri kwemabhawa mujeri nekuda kwekupomerwa mhosva yekutengesa zvinodhaka.
Kazhinji, zvinonzwisiswa zvisizvo nevatsigiri vekunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwezvinodhaka, kuti vanhu vasina basa, vasina ramangwana rinovimbisa, mahippie, kana kushata. General History of Drugs, inokunda iyo stereotype yakasikwa nevanhu vazhinji mupfungwa.
Tichipa muenzaniso wemunyori wezvemitemo, muzivi, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uyewo purofesa wesainzi methodology kuUNED, ipapo Nhoroondo yakajeka yezvinodhaka munhoroondo yese inotyora manifesto yenyaya isina kunyatsotaurwa nevanhu.
Zviri pachena kuti bhuku racho haritsvaki kunyangadzwa kwevanhu vakavharirwa kunyaya yacho, kuitira kuti vadzidzise uye vauye nemafungiro akazaruka kune nyika yakakundwa netsika uye zvechitendero nezvematongerwe enyika. Iri basa rinogoverana naro tambo yekufunga kwesainzi, uko kune yakavanzika denga uye diplomatic uye mishonga inopesvedzera.
Basa racho haribvumiri kuvhiringidzika kumativi ose maviri, asi kunzwisisa kweizvi uye dzimwe nzira dzayo. Nhasi hurumende ndiyo inotarisira kutidzivirira kubva kuzvinodhaka zvinopinda muropa uye zvine chepfu, asi ivo vanoedzawo kuchengetedza vatengi nevaya vanoiswa kwavari.
Ivo zvakare vanoedza kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekutongwa kwevanhu vasina kugadzikana mupfungwa, nekuti vanonzwa nekuwira munzvimbo dzine muchetura, izvo mune ramangwana zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingadzoke.
Hurumende dziri kunetsekana nezviitiko izvi, sezvo chero kutenderera kweprotein yeuropi izvo zvinokonzeresa zvishoma muchetura kuita kwemuviri nekugadzikana kwevanhu, i alarm isingaperi. Zvakadaro, kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoonekwa semushonga uye zvakachengeteka kunwiwa nevanhu, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, pane musiyano pakati pevasayendisiti panyaya iyi.
Zvichida, iri ibhuku rinoputsa zvizhinji zvezvisaruro izvi kana kuti rinogona kutikoka kuti tiite ongororo yedu pachedu pamusoro pezvakanakira nekuipira kwezvinodhaka, chinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa mashandiro avanoita.
Sezvatinoverenga basa iri tichawana pfungwa chaidzo, dzisingawanzo buda pachena, pamwe muchadenga chevafungi vesainzi nenyanzvi vachawanwa vachatsanangura zvese sezvazviri chaizvo.
Muenzaniso wakanyatsozivikanwa ndeye aspirin, iyo inogona kuuraya kumunhu mukuru kubva pamagiramu matatu. Kufanana nechinhu ichi tinochipa kushandiswa kwakawanda uye tinonamatira pachiri kunyange nemusoro tichitenda kuti hachina ngozi, asi chokwadi ndechokuti mushonga unotenderera uye uri pamutemo, hauiti kuti usanyanya kuchetura.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti hazvibatsiri isu, asi zvakakosha kufunga nezvekujekesa uku kuti bhuku rinopa zvakarurama uye zvakakwana. Inonyatsokwanisa kupa chidzidzo chakanyatsorongeka kuti ikwane pfungwa pamusoro pezvinodhaka pasina zviito zvealarmist kana kusarura kune sainzi kana stereotypes.
Unoda kuverenga imwe wongororo yebhuku? Tinokukumbira kuti uise chinyorwa chinotevera: Bhegi Remabhonzo naStephen King Ongororo pfupi!
munyori
Antonio Escohotado Espinoza muzivi weSpain, jurist, munyori wezvinyorwa uyewo purofesa weyunivhesiti, akagadzira mabasa akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemafungiro ake uye tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemutemo, uzivi, uye magariro evanhu, umo akatarisana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakakatanwa.
Basa rake guru uye chokwadi chinozivikanwa pasi rose chaiva kuongorora kwake zvinodhaka umo anoratidza nzvimbo yake seanopikisa-prohibitionist, izvo zvakamuita kuti aonekwe nokuda kwechisimbiso chake chekusununguka, sekutarisana nekutya kana mamiriro ezvinhu ayo zvisikwa zvinoiswa pasi. vanhu.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti utarise vhidhiyo inotevera kuti iwe udzidze zvishoma nezve maonero emunyori uyu: