A nehasha floriculture inyanzvi yekugadzira maruva nekuda kwekushongedza kuburikidza nemaindasitiri maitiro. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pefloriculture negadheni? Kana kuti zvakafanana?
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve floriculture, munyaya ino tichatsanangura zvishoma nezvenyaya iyi.
Floriculture chikamu chehorticulture chakatsaurirwa kurima kwemaruva uye zvishongo zvinomera., kunyanya nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekushongedza. Iyi inzvimbo yakafara yeruzivo inosanganisira zviitiko zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwezvidyarwa zvegadheni, kugadzirwa uye kushambadzira kwemaruva akachekwa, kushongedza nyika, kushongedzwa kwemukati, nezvimwe.
Zvakasiyana nekurima mubindu sezvinoitwa nevarimi vemaruva chikamu chikuru, nepo varimi vachizviita munzvimbo yakati. Nenzira yekuti, kazhinji, varimi vanogona kutora mukana wezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nevarimi vemaruva. Floriculture inosanganisira kudzidzira nzira dzekurima kuti wana maruva anobatsira ekutengesa. Zvichienderana nemhando yemhando yega yega, inogona zvakare kushandiswa semishonga kana maindasitiri zvinangwa. Semuyenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvebvudzi zvine rosi kubviswa, aloe vera ...
Nekudaro, haina kubva chete pachigadzirwa chakapedzwa (ruva pacharo), asi zvakare inofunga zvakakosha kana zvepakati zvinhu zvinotonga chiitiko. Pakati pavo tinogona kutaura mbeu, mababu, mapoto ane zvinhu zvakakosha, fetereza, nezvimwe.
Zviratidzo
Iyo tsika yefloriculture inosanganisira akati wandei maitiro akagadzirirwa kusiyanisa kubva kune mamwe maitiro ekurima. Pakati peizvi tinowana:
Huwandu hwekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Inoshanda kune huwandu uye hutano. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinoreva kugadzirwa kwakawanda, asi kuti hazvikanganisi maitiro akanaka eruva.
- Uniform maruva maitiro. Chimiro ichi chinoita kuti maruva ese abudiswe akafanana phenotypically (saizi, ruvara, nezvimwewo)
- Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro. Kurimwa kwemaruva kwagara kuchinzwisiswa sepfungwa yehunyanzvi, asi munyaya iyi iindasitiri.
- Condition setting. Iyi nzira inoita kuti mamiriro ekurima agadziriswe kuitira kuti goho rive nenguva yaitarisirwa. Nenzira iyi, maruva anowanikwa gore rose.
- Kubasa. Kunyanya, inogadzirwa mumagreenhouses akagadzirirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo emhando imwe neimwe.
- Distribution system. Sezvo kugadzirwa kunowedzera, kugovera kunowedzera, uye nekuda kwekudyidzana kwenyika dzekugadzira, marudzi asiri emunyika anogona kutengwa.
- Mutengo. Iyo yakawanda inogadzirwa, iyo inonyanya kukanganisa mutengo wemaruva. Sezvo vachiwana mitengo yakachipa, kunyanya yekutenga kwemuno pasina mari yekutenga zvinhu.
Floriculture maitiro
Mabatirwo emibvunzo iyi yese anoonekwa seyakanyanya hurongwa nematanho akasiyana:
- Plantation. Inokura nekudyara mbeu kana kucheka, zvichienderana nerudzi rweruva riri kutaurwa.
- Crop cycle. Mhuka imwe neimwe inotora nguva yakati kuti kukura uye kukura kuti igadzirire kutengeswa. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kunopiwa kune ruva panguva ino, sezvo inogona kutemwa kana kushongedza. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, inotengeswa kune vanasi, somuenzaniso, vanhu vanovatenga kuti vaise muhari.
- Kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari. Mhando dzakawanda dzemaruva dzinowanzosangana netupukanana nezvirwere. Kunyanya munyaya yekare, kufarira kunogona kugadzirwa sezvo mavara akajeka anokwezva zvipembenene zvakawanda. Zvisinei, kungwarira kunofanira kuitwa kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza kubva pakukuvadzwa.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa maererano nechinangwa chekupedzisira
- Zvirimwa zve flowerbeds. senge petunias, sage, primroses, pansies, nezvimwe.
- Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyekushandisa cheka maruva, izvi zvinosanganisira marudzi akajairika akadai semaruva, carnations, maruva, chrysanthemums, nezvimwe.
- Zvidyarwa zvemaruva zvekushandisa muhari: Geranium, jasmine, rosebush, azalea kana orchid, pakati pevamwe. Bougainvillea inogadzirwa kuti itsigire kushongedza, uye zvipenyu zvakaita segirinhi radish uye croton zvinosanganisirwa pano.
Floriculture Munyika
Kana tikafunga kuti floriculture inoitwa pamwero mukuru, zvine musoro kufunga kuti izvi zvine mwero wekuita pamwero wekutengesa kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika.
Chekutanga chaunofanira kuziva ndechekuti kusimukira kwetsika iyi kuri kuitika kune dzimwe nyika. Iwo akanyanya floriculture mikana iHolland, Colombia neKenya.
Nezvekutengesa kunze kwenyika, misika mikuru yemaruva akachekwa iUnited States, nyika dzeEuropean Union neJapan. Zvese izvi zvakakonzera basa rakakura rekutenga nekutengesa muindastiri, zvichikwevera kutarisisa kwenyika dzakaita seCuba dzinoda kuverengerwa. Cherechedza kuti, mukati memaruva makuru anotungamirira mumusika uyu, zvakanyanya kutengeswa pasina mubvunzo maruva.
Floriculture ibasa rehunyanzvi uye rinofanirwa kuitwa nenyanzvi munharaunda. Kunyangwe iri ibasa rakanyanyisa uye rine njodzi shoma, kungwarira kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira kusagadzikana. Ndinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chave chinobatsira kwauri.