Dzidza muchinyorwa chino zvese nezve tuberose maruva, chirimwa chinofarirwa nevakawanda uye vanoda kuziva maitiro acho, machengeterwo acho, nguva yekuchichekerera, twupukanana twunogona kuchikanganisa, dzimwe nzira dzekurima, fetireza, morphology uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, usarega kuverenga kusvika kupera kudzidza zvese izvi.
Chii chinonzi tuberose uye ndeapi maitiro ayo?
Ichi chirimwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya muzviitiko zvakaita semakore gumi nemashanu nemichato, sechirimwa chakanakisa, ruva risingaenzaniswi, rinopawo kunhuhwirira kunofadza, nesainzi chirimwa ichi chinozivikanwa sePolianthes tuberosa, kunyangwe isiri iyo. izita rinoshandiswa kazhinji pakati pevanhu, nekuti zviri nyore kungoti Nardo.
Kwakabva kuMexico, sezvo munyika ino mune inotonhora uye inotonhorera mamiriro ekunze, tembiricha yakanaka yechirimwa ichi. Kana iri ruvara rwayo, kazhinji ichena uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, zvisinei, panogona kunge kune mamwe ane toni yebhuruu uye mamwe ane pink.
Mamwe mazita anozivikanwa pasi pechirimwa ichi ndeaya:
- amoles
- Tsvimbo yaSaint Joseph
- Tuberous
Saka inogona kusiyana kubva pahuwandu hwevanhu kuenda kune imwe, asi iri kureva chirimwa chimwe chete; Mhuri yairi ndiyo inonzi Amaryllidaceae, chikamu cheboka iMonocot uye genus ndiyo polianthes.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zviyero zvaro zvinogona kusiyana, asi kazhinji zvinosvika mamita pakureba, nokuda kwechikamu chayo mashizha anogona kusvika masendimita makumi matatu, aya anogona kuvharwa. Idzi mhando dzemiti dzinofanira kudyarwa kana chitubu chatanga, nekuti panguva yemazuva aya mamiriro ekunze anoramba ari munyoro, kune zuva rakanaka uye rinogona kudiridzwa nguva dzose.
Pamusoro pekukupa kunhuhwirira kwakanaka uye nzvimbo yakanaka, inogona kukupawo mafuta, aunogona kubvisa kubva kumidzi yawo uye neizvi kugadzira pefiyumu kana rusenzi uye nekudaro uve nekunhuhwirira kwakapfuma kwenguva refu.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwe tuberose maruva
Sezvambotaurwa pakutanga, simiti iyi inobatsira zvikuru kushongedza zviitiko zvakasiyana, sezvo kunaka kwayo kuchibvumira, kuwedzera, nzvimbo yacho ichava inofadza nekunhuhwirira kwainopa; asi handizvo zvega zvekushandisa, kugadzirawo mapefiyumu ekushandisa kwako kana kutengesa kana uchida kushandisa dzinde rawo.
Saizvozvo, mamwe akakosha uye anobatsira mashandisirwo echirimwa ichi anogona kunyorwa, senge chokwadi chekuti iwo mushonga, sezvazvakaita ne Insulin Plant uye nevamwe vakawanda, nokuti munyaya iyi ine migumisiro pane zvinotevera: kushaya hope, kunoderedza kushungurudzika, kunobatsira kune zvirwere, zvinobatsirawo kune zvinetso zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Saizvozvowo, kana tsinde yakapedzwa, inogona kubatsira nechibereko, nokudaro ichibvumira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekuenda kumwedzi, uye pakupedzisira yakanyatsonaka pakurwisa mabhakitiriya uye fungi. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kunyanya kushandiswa kwechirimwa ichi kunogona kuunza maitiro asina kunaka, saka zvakakosha kuishandisa zvine mwero.
kurima tuberose
Kana chiri chirimwa, pane nguva dzose kusava nechokwadi kusingaverengeki pamusoro pekuita, nguva yekuzviita, munzvimbo ipi inofanira kuva uye ndeipi inofanira kudziviswa uye nezvimwe zvakawanda kusava nechokwadi, izvi hazviitike chete ne tuberose ruva, inoitikawo semamwe akawanda senge chirimwa che Daisy kana orchids nezvimwe zvakadaro; nokuti kuita zvakaipa kwaizoreva kuti chirimwa chacho chaisazobereka muchero kana kuti chaisazova nechitarisiko chakanaka chaidiwa.
Kurima kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidzwa navanhu vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, vakazvipira kukurima gadheni kana kuti zvimwe zvakafanana, asi chokwadi ndechokuti ibasa rokuti nokuzvitsaurira kuduku waigona kuzviita umene ndokuchengeta musha wako wakaisvonaka zvikuru, une zvinomera zvakasvibira, maruva nezvimwe. Chinhu chekutanga kucherechedza nezve chirimwa chiri mubvunzo ndechekuti chinofanira kurimwa kuburikidza negirobhu rayo.
Saizvozvo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chirimwa ichi chinowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha inodziya, isingatonhore kana kupisa zvakanyanya, inofanirawo kuva nehunyoro, kwete kuinyudza, asi zvishoma kuti inogona kuva yakakwana.
Prune chinhu chekutanga mangwanani
Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve duva iri ndeyekuchekerera, sezvo kune avo vanotenda kuti izvi zvinogona kuitika chero nguva yezuva, asi chokwadi ndechekuti hazvina kudaro, kana chirimwa ichi chakanakisa. nguva iri mangwanani, kunyangwe izvi zvisiri izvo kune zvese zvinomera, saka iwe unofanirwa kubvunza nezve yega yega chirimwa.
Iyo chaiyo poindi yaunofanirwa kuita iyo yakasarudzika kucheka iri pazasi pehunde, izvi zvinokurudzirwa nekuti nenzira iyi girobhu richaramba richikora, saka mashizha anofanira kuramba ari mushizha. tuberose chirimwa.
Usakanganwa kubvisa iwo mashizha anotarisa akasvava, sezvo izvi zvichabatsira chirimwa chako, sezvo iwe uchizodzivirira vamwe vese kuti varambe vachidzima; Iwe uchaona kuti ukaita izvi chirimwa chako chinokura.
fetireza yakaenzana
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveichi uye chechero chimwe chirimwa ndechekuti ine hukama nefotereza, sezvo ivhu riine mativi akakodzera ekukura kwechirimwa chinhu chekutanga, nekuti kana ivhu rakaoma kana kunyorova zvakanyanya, ipapo chirimwa. achafa.
Kuti ufudze chirimwa chiri mubvunzo iwe unofanirwa kuwana fetiraiza kana kuigadzira, inofanira kunge iine phosphorus, potasium uye nitrogen, yakaenzana yezvitatu zvinongedzo. Mukuwedzera, paunoenda kunotenga fetiraiza mukireshi, unofanira kukumbira kuti ive yakakosha kune rudzi urwu rwemiti, kureva kuti, yemiti ye bulbous, unofanira kuiisa kunyanya munguva yezhizha uye muchirimo.
Hazvidikanwi kuti uzviite kakawanda, kana ukazviita mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega zvinenge zvakwana, unogonawo kubvunza mazano kune vashandi vekireshi.
Taxonomy uye Origin
Taxonomically, inorongwa sezvinotevera: mhuri ndiyo inonzi Amaryllidaceae, kirasi ndiyo Monocot uye genus ndiyo polianthes; Icho chirimwa chiri padyo ne valerian, chirimwa icho zvakare chinorapa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakawanda, ndiko kuti, ivo vemhuri imwechete.
Pamhando dzakasiyana kana mhando dzechirimwa ichi, inorimwa zvakanyanya inonzi Polianthes tuberosa.
Iyi inzvimbo yeHimalayas.Kare yaive imwe yemiti yairemekedzwa zvikuru, sezvo kurapa kwakasiyana kwainzi kwaikonzerwa nazvo, ndosaka yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumagariro akare. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuMexico, kumaodzanyemba kwenyika ino.
Tuberose maruva morphology
Kune chikamu chayo, girobhu ishava, uyezve, ine nhevedzano yezviyero, izvo zviri izvo izvo izvo zvinhu zvavanoshandisa sekuchengetedza zvinounganidza.
Munzvimbo yebasal disc ndiko kunosimuka midzi yakasiyana-siyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune dzinde, iro rakatenderedzwa, rakajeka rakasvibira, rakamira, uye rine ruva riri nyore, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kune mashizha maduku.
Kana ari mashizha, ane sessile, ane mutsara uye ane mbabvu, kureba kwawo kunowanzo kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu masendimita, anopenya uye anogara ari pedyo nechepasi pechirimwa ichi.
Pakupedzisira kune ruva, rine inflorescence, umo mune maruva anosvika makumi maviri, ayo anonzi hermaphrodites, ane kunhuhwirira, iwo madiki muhukuru, chimiro chayo chakafanana neiyo funnel, vane. petals matanhatu.
Edaphoclimatic zvinodiwa
Kunyanya kutaurwa kunofanira kuitwa tembiricha, iyo kuti chirimwa ichi chisimukire zvakanaka, chinofanira kuva pakati pemakumi maviri nemakumi matatu madhigirii centigrade masikati, ukuwo manheru chinogona kubva pagumi nemashanu kusvika pamakumi maviri. ipapo chirimwa chinomira kushanda.
Zvadaro, zvakakosha kuratidza izvo zvine chokuita nechiedza, iyo munyaya yeruva re tuberose, inoda chiedza chakakwana kubva kuzuva, kana zvisina kudaro haizove maruva.
Panzvimbo yechitatu pane humidity, iyo data inoratidza kuti iyi inofanirwa kunge isiri pasi pemakumi matanhatu muzana uye kana kupfuura makumi manomwe muzana, nekuti kana ikadarika iyi huwandu, chirimwa chinodzipwa nekuora. Nepo kana iri shoma pane yataurwa ipapo chirimwa chinooma.
Zvinotevera kunwisa, haufaniri kuderedza kuwanda kwe 1,5 g / l, unofanira kuzviita nguva dzose kusvikira waona kuti mashizha ekutanga abuda, saka iwe unofanira kunge uchinyanya.
Paradzira
Kuti uite kupararira kwezvinomera, chinhu chekutanga chaunofanirwa kuita kutora girobhu rakatobereka goho, kureva kuti rine vana, sezvo kubva mumhando iyi yechirimwa iwe uchakwanisa kuwana bulblets kuti ukodze. kumusoro.
Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumwaka wechando, kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uine .
Disinfecting chirimwa usati wadyara, kuchidyara unofanira kuchiitira muchirimo, unofanira kuita furo pasi, yeuka kuti muforo wega wega unofanira kunge uine chinhambwe chingangoita masendimita makumi matanhatu uye kana chasvika pakudzika kwawo unofanira kuita masendimita gumi zvichienderana nekuti saizi yegirobhu .
Tuberose maruva nzira dzekurima
Kune nzira mbiri dzekurima, yekutanga kurima kwakajairika kwemaruva akachekwa uye yechipiri inomanikidzwa kurima maruva akachekwa, ese ari maviri achatsanangurwa zvakadzama pazasi.
Chirimwa chakajairika cheruva rakachekwa
Nokuda kwechiitiko ichi chekutanga, chinhu chakakosha ndechekugadzirira pasi, izvi zvinofanira kuitwa mberi, kureva, mwedzi nemazuva gumi nemashanu zuva risati rasvika pakudyara maruva ako tuberose, ivhu raunenge uchizoita. inofanira kunyatsorimwa uye yakanyungudutswa, mukuita uku, iwe unofanirwa kuwana, kana uchida, sezvo ndiyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa, mupfudze wakaviriswa uye uiise pasi, sezvo izvi zvichapa chirimwa mikana yakawanda yekusimudzira.
Saizvozvo, usakanganwa kuuraya utachiona pasi, kunyanya kana ukaona kuti inogona kunge iine hutachiona.
Ipapo iwe unofanira kuita kudyara, izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kwenguva, kutanga muna February uye kupera muna June, kana wapedza kudyara unofanira kudiridza zvirimwa nemvura yakawanda.
Kurimwa kwekumanikidzwa kweruva rekoriTada
Kana iri iyi yechipiri tekinoroji, zvakare iri nyore, kusiyana neyakapfuura, unogona kuzviita uchishandisa kunonoka kana kukurumidza mababu.
Kana iwe uchizoshandisa yakakurumidza, kudyara kunofanirwa kuitwa pakati pemwedzi waZvita kusvika Kukadzi, kuitira kuti unakirwe nemaruva e tuberose mumwedzi waKurume, Kubvumbi, Chivabvu naChikumi. Bhabhu remhando iyi rinofanirwa kuchekwa muna Gumiguru uye sezvakataurwa muchikamu chakapfuura, unofanirwa kuriisa mutembiricha inosvika makumi masere madhigirii Fahrenheit kuti iome.
Kana uri kushandisa imwe yakasara, ipapo kudyara kunofanira kuitwa munaAugust kana kusvika mumwedzi waOctober, nenzira iyi maruva e tuberose achaonekwa pakati pemwedzi waNovember kusvika kuJanuary, inofanira kunge iri pasi pemvura.
Zvipembenene uye zvirwere zve tuberose maruva
Izvo zvinoitika nemhando ipi neipi yechirimwa, pane nguva dzose zvinotapukira zvinokonzeresa maruva, madzinde kana mashizha ezvirimwa, ndosaka iwe uchifanira kuziva uye kucherechedza maitiro avo, anogona kuvashungurudza kana kugomara, tarisawo mashizha , sezvo fungi, mhuka kana zvimwe zvakadaro zvinogona kuratidzwa.
Kana zviri zvipembenene, izvi zvinogona kuva zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, pane aphid, white fly, spider tsvuku uye thrips. Kune chikamu chayo, dandemutande dzvuku, ndiyo inoonekwa kana chirimwa ichiiswa pasi pemvura yakadzika uye tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya, uchaona kuti pane mamwe mavara machena pachirimwa.
Inotevera iaphid, inova mamiriro aunogona kuona pamashizha emugwenzi, sezvo ari rudzi rwendaza dzinoomerera pairi uye dzinogona kuonekwa muruvara rutsvuku, izvi zvinowanzoonekwa kazhinji panguva yechirimo. , kuti udzivise iwe unogona kushandisa meshes anokosha, kubvisa masora akakuvadzwa kana kushandisa fetiraiza.
Nekune rimwe divi, kune denda rinonzi whitefly, iro rine hukama zvakanyanya nekupisa kwakanyanya, kureva, angangoita 25 degrees Celsius, kana mamiriro aya aripo unokwanisa kuona mavara eyero pamashizha nekudaro vanotanga kusvava
Pakupedzisira, kune denda rinonzi thrips, iro rinokonzera kukanganisa kune chikamu cheruva, iyo kana iripo inogona kuva nemavara machena ane mitsetse yakasviba, nokuda kwechiitiko ichi unogonawo kushandisa meshes anokosha.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa zvirimwa, mamwe emamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kuva Botrytis cinerea, Ramularia primulae uye Rot, seyokupedzisira iyo fungus inowanikwa pamuti kunyanya kana pane humidity yakakwirira, izvi zvinogona kuva inocherechedzwa mudzinde nemumidzi.
Zvadaro tinofanira kutaura Ramularia primulae, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa tuberose maruva, ariwo fungi, kana iwe ukatarisa chirimwa chako uye chine mavara machena kune rumwe rutivi uye yero kune rumwe, zvino zvinogoneka kuti ine chirwere ichi .
Zvinokwanisikawo kudzora zvirwere izvi kana kuderedza kupararira kwazvo, zvikuru kana ukaona kuti mashizha awo ane utachiona, woabvisa uye wosiya chete ayo ane utano, kana zvisina kudaro chirwere chicharamba chichipararira kune mamwe mashizha ane utano uye maruva.
Saizvozvo, unogona kudzivirira zvirwere nekugara uchishandisa fetireza ine hutano, kuisa utachiona munzvimbo yacho, kuita shuwa kuti maturusi aunoshandisa kuchekerera nemvura akachena zvachose, shandisa makemikari akakodzera, ita chokwadi chekuti mvura yakachena uye nezvimwe, kana ukaita zvese. zviratidzo izvi zvichave zvishoma Zvinogoneka kuti zvirimwa zvako zvinorwara kana chibvumirano chemhando ipi neipi yezvipembenene.