Sezvo zvakakosha kuziva nyika yaunogara, hupfumi hwayo hwepanyama, nzvimbo uye Tembiricha uye Humidity. Zviri nyore zvakare kudzidza kubva kupasi rinogarwa. Isu tinokudzidzisa zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve chimiro chevhu, zvose zvemukati nekunze, zvikamu zvaro nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Planet Earth
Kubva pamaonero akanyanya uye anoshanda, zvinogoneka kutaura kuti Nyika ihombe huru yematombo. Iyo huru yemukati yematombo inozivikanwa seGeosphere.
Iyi geosphere inoumba iyo chimiro yakasimba yepasi. Matombo zvinhu zvakasimba uye zvinyoro. Izvo zvinoumbwa nemaminerari akawanda, emavara akasiyana-siyana.
Kuti udzidze zvishoma nezvematombo ane matombo anoumba Nyika. Iwo matatu marudzi ematombo akaiswa mumapoka anotaurwa pazasi:
- igneous
Rudzi urwu rwedombo ndiro rinowanzowanikwa pasi pevhu. Izvi zvinogona kuumbwa, nekuda kwekunyunguduka kwe magma. Vakadzingwa kubva pakati, kuburikidza nemakomo anoputika, vachiomesa kunze.
- metamorphic
Dzinogona kuvamba, nemhaka yedzvinyiriro uye tembiricha dzakakwirira izvo denga repasi rakatambura, mumamirioni amakore.
- sedimentary
Matombo aya akaumbwa nemhedzisiro yekuungana mune mamwe matombo. Zvakare, nekuda kwekubatanidzwa nemapfupa emhando dzegungwa uye exoskeletons yezvipenyu, izvo zvakatakurwa nekuyerera kwemvura.
geological composition
Nyika yeNyika inoumbwa nezvikamu zvezvikamu zvine nzvimbo imwe chete, imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi inochinjanisa zvinhu zvinoiumba nenzira inowirirana.
Vanogona kuziva zviri nyore kuti vakaparadzana, panguva yokudengenyeka kwenyika. Sezvo idzi dzichifamba imwe pamusoro peimwe, kusvikira dzasvika pakugadzikana kwayo zvakare.
Kana iwe ukaita chikamu chemuchinjikwa chepasi, unogona kuona kubva mukati kunze, kuti ine mitsara mitatu. Aya mataira ndiwo crust, mantle nepakati. Ma layers aya ndiwo Kwakabva nekushanduka kwenyika uye zvakataurwa zvakadzama pazasi:
Cortex
Goko repasi ndiro rakanyanya kuona. Ndiyo iri kudhumana zvakananga nedensity inosvika makiromita makumi manomwe, ine:
- Hydrosphere
- Atmosphere
- Biosphere
Iyi layer yePasi inoumbwa necontinental crust uye oceanic crust.
Continental
Kupatsanurwa kwegoko repasi uku kune hukobvu hweavhareji hwemakiromita anodarika makumi matatu. Nhamba iyi inokwira zvakanyanya, pazasi pavo, inosvika makiromita makumi manomwe.
Zvakare, iyo continental crust yakakamurwa kuita: yekumusoro crust uye yakaderera goko. Kwaunogona kuwana sedimentary matombo, matombo anoputika uye metamorphic matombo, mumhando dzakasiyana dzegranite uye diorite.
oceanic
Iyi zone yecrust, inopa ukobvu hunosvika makiromita gumi. Iyo inosiyaniswa muchikamu ichi cheganda, inonongedza panomera magma anobva mujasi rePasi.
Mukuwedzera, zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoonekwa, izvo zvinoumbwa nemarara ezvinyorwa zvepamusoro. Kuumba pasi pegungwa.
Kazhinji, goko repasi harimiriri 1% yehuwandu hwePasi.
nguvo
Chiyero chinotevera muzvikamu zvinoumba maumbirwo eNyika ndiyo mantle yepasi. Inosvika pakuwedzerwa kweanenge makiromita 3000, pakati peguru nechikamu chepamusoro chenyuksi.
Kuumbwa kweiyi layer kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sesilicon, ferrous materials, nickel uye basaltic zvinhu. Sezvakaita crust, jasi rinosanganisira zvikamu, izvo zvinozivikanwa se: mantle epamusoro uye mantle epasi.
Upper mantle
Inogona kuwedzera kusvika pakadzika kwemakiromita anopfuura 600. Ichi chikamu chejasi chakasimba, asi chiri nyore kugadzirisa zvakare. Inoumbwa nematombo akakomba zvikuru, anogona kudzingwa nekuputika kwemakomo.
Lower mantle
Munharaunda iyi yejasi, zvinhu zvinoiumba zvakasimba. Kuwanda kwejasi rezasi kunogona kudarika makiromita 700 kudzika.
Mukati me mantle currents anogadzirwa nekupisa kwekushisa. Iwo chikamu chekufamba kunoitika mu tectonic plates.
Core
Nheyo yepasi pano ine chitarisiko chedenderedzwa, iyo dhayamita ingangoita 3500 makiromita. Iyo inoumbwa neferrous alloys, iwe unogona zvakare kuona huwandu hwenickel, mhangura, okisijeni uye zvikamu zvidiki zvesarufa zvinhu.
Ichi chikamu chepasi chakakamurwawo kuva chepakati chekunze nemukati mepakati. Izvozvo zvinogona kusiyanisa chaizvo, nemamiriro ayo mumwe nomumwe wavo ari.
Nucleus yekunze
Iyo yekunze core ine mvura isingachinjiki, ine dhayamita inopfuura 2200 makiromita. Zvinhu zvinoiumba zvine simbi uye nickel. Tembiricha dzinogona kusvikwa munzvimbo iyi dziri pakati pe4000 ne5500°C.
Nekuda kweiyo mvura mamiriro emasimbi anoumba musimboti, anogona kuumbwa nyore. Kuchinjisa tembiricha yepamusoro kunogadzirwa, nekuti iyo yekunze core ndiyo ine basa rekuchengetedza iyo magineti yechimiro chePasi.
Mukati memukati
Kune chikamu chayo, mukati mukati ibhora guru remoto, iro rinonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu zveferrous. Kuwanda kwenzvimbo iyi kunodarika makiromita 1200 uye kunogona kusvika patembiricha inosvika 5200°C.
Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti, tembiricha inodarika iyo yakawanda iyo iron inogona kuramba isati yanyunguduka. Ichi chikamu chePasi hachisi mvura uye chakabatana nekumanikidza kwakanyanya, hazvigoneke kuti inyauke.
Chimiro chekunze chePasi
Kana zvangozivikanwa kuti maumbirwo ePasi anoumbwa sei, mukati. Yave nguva yekuti iwe uzive zvishoma nezvezvikamu zvekunze zvepasi redu.
Pano mitsara yakasiyana-siyana inofukidza Pasi inotaurwa uye kuti kutenda kwavari, zvave zvichibvira kukudziridza nekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvose zvipenyu.
Iyo hydrosphere
Inoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwemvura zhinji inowanikwa muvhu rePasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira mazaya echando, nyanza, nzizi, madziva, makungwa nematsime emvura ari pasi pevhu.
Iyo hydrosphere inogara iri mukutsinhana kwezvinwiwa, kuburikidza nekutenderera kwemvura.
Makungwa nemakungwa zvinofukidza zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvepasi rose, nokudaro ukoshi hune ichi chitubu chemvura chinokosha kuvanhu nezvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu.
Ndidzo mvura dzemumakungwa, dura guru remvura panyika. Iyo ine vhoriyamu inopfuura 1.300 miriyoni km3. Nepo yechipiri sosi yekuchengetera inayo, mvura dzemazaya echando dzine huwandu hunosvika 30 miriyoni km3.
Atmosphere
Kudai vaigona kuva muchikepe, vaizokwanisa kuona pasi vari kunze. Saka chikamu chekutanga chavaizosangana nacho chaive mhepo. Ndiye anofukidza Nyika.
Iyo inoumbwa neseti yezvinhu zviri munzvimbo ine gasi, izvo zvakakosha pakuvandudza hupenyu hwepasi. Chinhu chiripo mumhepo, icho chinobvumira munhu kufema uye kuva mupenyu.
Mamwe magasi anowanikwa munzvimbo iyi ane basa rekuzadzisa basa remasefa, emwaranzi yezuva. Izvo, kana zvikakanganisa zvakananga pasina chero kuongorora, zvinokuvadza kune zvese zvipenyu.
Mhepo yakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvinoverengeka zvinoti:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
- Exosphere
Biosphere
Chaizvoizvo, iyo biosphere haigone kurongeka seimwe nhanho yechimiro chePasi. Sezvo achibatanidza nharaunda dzese dzezvipenyu kana ecosystem.
Chipenyu chose chinogara pasi pano chikamu che biosphere. Nechikonzero ichi, unowana biosphere mugondo repasi, mumhepo uye muhydrosphere.
Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvaanoda zveecosystem yega yega. Chimwe chezvakanyanya hunhu hweiyo biosphere ndeye biodiversity yezvipenyu zvakaunganidzwa mairi.
