La asparagasi, inomira pachena sechirimwa chekushongedza, ine kugadzirwa kunodyiwa uye inokumbirwawo kune vanogadzira maruva kuti vawedzere kushongedza. Inowanikwa kuSouth Africa, nekuberekeswa nembeu kana nekupatsanura, inosvika pakudyarwa kunyangwe muhari. Zvitsvage pano.
asparagus
La asparagasi, ine zita resainzi "Asparagus", chirimwa chine hunhu hwekurimwa munzvimbo dzese dzinogoneka pasi rose. Izvi zvinopihwa zvakanyanya neakanakisa asparagus yaanopa, tichifunga kuti iwo muriwo wekudyiwa nevanhu, icho chiri chikamu chezvakajairika kudya, kune chero chikafu.
Mhedzisiro yaro inobva kuSouth Africa, inofukidza marudzi anopfuura 300, zvisinei, mukati meaya, kunewo akawanda anowanikwa kuAsia neEurope. Pakati pezvayakaita, inowanikwa senhengo yemhuri ye "Liliaceae" uye kuva angiosperms, iyo inoiratidza sechirimwa chinotumbuka.
Mashizha aanoratidza akazara nebushy, ane kunyanya kujeka, kutetepa kutaridzika uye, pamusoro pezvo, ine inoyevedza uye yakasimba yegirini toni. Mukukura kwayo inopa inflorescence diki, iyo ndiyo yekupedzisira yemwaka wezhizha. Zvadaro, iyi inflorescence inoshanduka kuita maberries, ayo anotanga aine ruvara rwegirinhi uye obva aita tsvuku kana anyatsokura.
Zvake Mhando yemashizha, vane chimiro chetsono chakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyi inomera yakakosha inonzi dioecious, iyo inoreva kuti inflorescence yayo haina zvepabonde, yakaparadzaniswa kuita hunde uye trunk. Kunyanya, maruva ayo ega ega ega anowanikwa pamiti yakasiyana, ingave yevakadzi kana yevarume, saka mamwe maruva ane maruva echikadzi, asi mamwe ane maruva echirume.
Kudzivisa kwayo kutonhora kwakaganhurirwa chose chose, uye kuri madikanwa kuitarisira zvakakodzera. Uyezve, ine bhenefiti yekuti kushanduka kwayo kunozviratidza nenzira inokurumidza. Inobvuma kurimwa kwayo zviri nyore, zvese muhari uye mune yakananga substrate, uko chinomisa chinhu chiri pH level, iyo inofanirwa kuve acidic. Mushure mekukura kwayo, mashizha ayo anoratidzwa nenzira ine minhenga, yakafanana nemakoni akarembera.
Taxonomic classification yeasparagus
Iyo taxonomic classification ndiyo inogadza hierarchy yemutero wezvipenyu nenzira yebhayoloji. Mupfungwa iyi, panyaya ye asparagasi, tsananguro yaro inopiwa nemusayendisiti, botanist, naturalist uye zoologist, anobva kuSweden, Carlos Linneo. Kuve gore rekuburitswa, 1753, kuburikidza nevhoriyamu "Species Plantarum", 1: 313 - 314, ine inotevera data:
- Umambo: chirimwa
- Division: Magnoliophyta
- Kirasi: Liliopsida
- Kurongeka: Asparagales
- Mhuri: Asparagaceae
- Subfamily: Asparagoideae
- Gender: Asparagus
Hunhu hweasparagus chirimwa
Dyara asparagasi, inosiyana nekupa zvinotevera hunhu hwakakodzera:
- Icho chirimwa chisingaperi, zvinoreva kuti chine hupenyu hurefu hweanopfuura makore maviri.
- Zita rayo resainzi ndiro "Asparagus".
- Icho chirimwa chakaberekerwa kuSouth Africa, icho chinosanganisira zvinopfuura mazana matatu emarudzi, pakati pawo anobva kuAsia neEurope.
- Iyo ndeye "Liliaceae" mhuri.
- Inotsanangurwa sechirimwa chekukurumidza kana kukurumidza kukura.
- Inomira pachena kuva angiosperm chirimwa, zvinoreva kuti chirimwa chinotumbuka.
- Iyo dioecious, ine maruva akasiyana echirume neechikadzi, uko inewo maruva, ese ari maviri unisexual, hermaphrodite uye kunyange barika.
- Mukukura kwavo, vanova vamwe, kunyange vanokwira, saka vanosvika kureba uye nzvimbo, kana vakawana chimwe chinhu chekubatirira.
- Iyo yakaganhurira kushivirira kune yakaderera tembiricha.
- Mashizha ayo akafanana netsono, achichengeta kana mamiriro acho akakodzera, ruvara rwegirini yakasimba.
- Inflorescence yeasparagus, chena muruvara, inoitwa pakupera kwezhizha, ine mapeti matanhatu uye pamwe chete neaya mastameni matanhatu, ayo ari echirume. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakadzi vane ovary, uye vanogona kunge vane maviri kana kupfuura ovules.
- Maruva ayo anoshanduka kuita mabheri, ayo anotanga asvibira ozoita matsvuku paanoibva. Maberry aya ndiwo muchero, anoita denderedzwa, ane dhayamita iri pakati pe4,5 ne10 millimeters.
- Chirimwa chine kubereka zvese nembeu uye nekupatsanura.
- Iine kukura kwakakurumidza zvinoshamisa.
- Kunyangwe chiri chirimwa chinoshingirira zvakanyanya, chinogona kurwiswa nemaparasite, zvimwe zvirwere uye kunyange zvipembenene. Tichifunga kuti, sezvakaita chero imwe chirimwa, pasina mubvunzo vanouya kuzoinetesa, uye chikonzero chinofanira kurwiswa panguva yakakodzera.
Zvimwe zvakasiyana
- Inoda chiitiko chakanaka chechiedza, icho, kana chiri kuburikidza nemwaranzi yakananga yeZuva, inotova nani, nekuti ndiyo yaunofarira. Zvisinei, chiitiko chakadaro chinofanira kudzorwa, nokuti mashizha anowanzoita kuipa, kunyange kushanduka yero. Zvisinei, zvinokwanisika kuichengeta mumba, chero bedzi iri pedyo zvikuru nehwindo.
- Iine ma bulbs mumidzi yayo, zvinoreva kuti hazvidikanwi kunwisa nguva dzose. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ma bulbs aya ane hunhu hwekuchengeta mvura yaanozopa kune chirimwa. Kuva, kuti chiri chirimwa, chinokura nenzira yekufanotaura pamberi pekusanaya kwemvura, kwete kurega chiitiko chakadaro chichishamisa.
- Mashizha ayo akasvibira zvakanyanya uye ane minhenga muchimiro, payakafanana neiya inorembera makoni.
- Inoda kuti iyo substrate iyo yakasimwa ive yemvura yakakwana pasina kukonzera kudonha kwemvura mushure mekudiridza kwakajairwa kana kudonha kwemvura inonaya.
- Iyo asparagus inonyanyozivikanwa yekushongedza chirimwa, inotsvakwa zvakare neakasiyana florist, nechinangwa chekuzadzisa kushongedzwa kwavanopa. Pamwe chete, inoratidzika kuva nekugadzirwa kunodyiwa, iyo asparagus miriwo, iyo inoenderana nekudya kwekudya, kusinganzwisisiki kubva pakudya kunopedzwa.
- Nguva yakanaka yekudyara inguva yechirimo.
- Inogona kudyarwa zvose mu substrate yakananga uye muhari.
- Kudyarazve itsika iyo, kana iri nyaya yeasparagus, yakanakisa, nekuti inobatsira mukushanduka kwayo uye kukura. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvakataurwa kuti zvitariswe kana zvakasimwa muhari, kunyanya kana kukura kwekukura kunoonekwa.
Kurimwa kweasparagus
La asparagasi, inoratidzirwa nekuva chirimwa chinobvumira uye chinogadzirisa zvakakwana kurima zvose muhari uye mu substrate yakananga. Nokuda kweizvi, iyo chete yakakosha muganhu ndiyo mamiriro ekunze, izvi imhaka yekuti inonzwisisa kutonhora kwakadzika. Tichifunga nezvechinhu ichi, inova yakanaka kuidyara muhari, nekuti inogona kunyatso fambiswa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe kuti idzivirire.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti asparagus inoda chiitiko chechiedza chezuva kana zvirinani kuzivikanwa kwayo kwepedyo pedyo navo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kana iri munzvimbo yemukati, inobvumirwa kuva pedyo sezvinobvira kuhwindo. Nokuita kudaro, kuchinja kunova kuoneka zvachose, nokuti mashizha ayo achaonekwa kunze kwehutano hwakanaka, nehukuru hukuru uye ruvara rwakasimba.
Potted
Kurima muhari kunobatsira zvakafanana neiyo yakananga substrate. Kunze, kune asparagasi, kuisimbisa muchidimbu chakamanikana haisi dambudziko, nokuti midzi yaro inokwezvwa kunzvimbo dzadzinogumira. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakajairika kuvaona muhari duku mukati memwedzi gumi nembiri yekutanga yekurima. Kuve dhayamita yakajairika, iyo inotenderera pakati pemasendi masere negumi.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti chirimwa ichi chinonakidza chinoda kudyarwa nemimwe miti, saka hazvisi zvisizvo kuti igovane hari yayo kana kusungirirwa kune imwe ine nzvimbo iripo.
Kune asparagus, chii chinodiwa ndechekuti ive munzvimbo yakapihwa nemwenje wakanaka. Kubata, zvinova izvo zvinoibvumirawo kuratidza hue hwakasimba hwemashizha ayo akasvibira uye ndizvo zvinoifarira kana ichigadzira density yemashizha ayo. Zvisinei, kana isingakwanisi kuwanikwa nechiitiko chezuva, kuva pedyo zvikuru nechiedza zvakakwana.
Tembiricha inoenderana nazvo uye inofanirwa kuverengerwa pakumisikidzwa kwayo, ndiyo iri pakati pe10°C ne15°C. Iyi ndiyo inobatwa seyakanyanya kunaka kune asparagus, zvisinei, inokwanisa kushivirira iyo iri mumamiriro e25 ° C uye 8 ° C.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti, munguva yezhizha, apo kutonhora kwemhepo kunoshanduka, hari inotorwa uye kuiswa munzvimbo dzekunze. Chiito ichi chinochibvumira kuratidza mashizha akasvibira, kuwedzera pakuita gobvu. Kuve nzvimbo yakanaka, iyo yausinganzwe mhepo ine simba.
Pane yakananga substrate
Iyo yakananga substrate yakadai sekudyara kana kurima asparagus inotariswa, chero bedzi zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinogona kuvimbiswa. Chokutanga chazvo ndechokuti kutonhora kwezvakatipoteredza hakufaniri kuva pasi pe8 ° C, nokuti simiti haigoni kushivirira iyo nhanho yekutonhora. Mupfungwa iyi, mune yakajairika siyana mamiriro ekunze munharaunda dzinova dzakafanira kuti dziongororwe.
Dyara asparagasi, ine seinogoneka kana yakanakira sarudzo, kuitsvaga kana kuimisa munzvimbo yebindu umo zviri pachena chete inosvika pairi. Kuve nezvinogoneka kana kuganhurwa chaiko, kuti haina chiitiko chakananga chemwaranzi yeZuva.Izvi zvinogonesa budiriro yaro yakaenzana, dense uye ine hutano kukura.
Kune rumwe rutivi, uye kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sezvisingadaviriki, inobvuma kudyarwa apo mutsetse unokonzera kuwa. Kucherechedzwa kuti kukura kwayo uye kusimudzira kwave kuitwa muchimiro che cascade, kukwezva mamwe maziso.
Zano rakakosha rinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo nderokuti, kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akave akasiyana kubva kune zuva nezuva, zvichiita kuti mazaya anokanganisa, anogona kudzivirirwa neanonzi "anti-frost veil", kwenguva yakareba sezvaidiwa. .
Ndeipi nguva yakakodzera yekurima chirimwa cheasparagus?
Zvose zvekurima kwe asparagasi muhari, kana iri iyo inoitwa mu substrate yakananga, nguva yakakodzera uye inoifarira, iri mumwaka wechirimo. Tichifunga kuti, kana ikaitwa pakutanga kwayo, iri nani kune chirimwa. Mune iyo, inogona pasina mubvunzo kuwana hukuru hukuru hwemashizha ayo uye yakasimbiswa toni yegirinhi yemashizha ayo.
Sechinhu chakakosha chekufunga nezvacho, ndechekuti, sezvo isingaite waterlogging zvakanaka, zvinogoneka kubata substrate iri nyore. Nokudaro, kana iyo iripo isingasviki pamamiriro ezvinhu aya, huwandu hwejecha rakaoma hunogona kuwedzerwa semubatsiri.
Iri jecha rakaomarara rinongozosanganiswa nehuwandu hwakanaka hweiyo substrate yakapihwa. Mhedzisiro yeizvi ndeyokuti nemubatanidzwa uyu zvichafarirwa kuti mvura yaro ichave nenzvimbo yakaitwa, inova yekubatsira nekusimudzira chirimwa.
Kuberekwa kwespagasi
Muti weasparagus unoratidzwa nekubvuma kubereka, zvose muchimiro, nekushandiswa kwembeu dzayo, uye nekuparadzanisa. Tichifunga kuti kune ese ari maviri maitiro ndiyo inotsanangurwa pazasi:
Nembeu
Kana uchitamba back the asparagasi Nemhodzi, pundutso inotanga nekuva nemiti ine upenyu, yakasimba uye ine mashizha. Iko kusviba kwegirinhi ruvara ndiyo muenzaniso wehutano uye bhenefiti yauri kugamuchira.
Iyi nzira yekuberekesa chirimwa inoratidzwa nekuve nekukasira kukura, iri nguva chaiyo, nekuda kwehunhu hwainopa, mwaka wechirimo.
Kuita hurongwa uhu, mubhedha wembeu unofanirwa kuwanikwa, umo chinhu chinopa mvura yakakwana inofanira kunge yambowedzerwa pachigadziko. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa, sezvakaratidzwa, nejecha rakakora. Pamusoro peizvi, iyo yakakodzera substrate inosanganiswa, iyo ndeye apo mbeu inodyarwa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakakwirira mukudya uye zvicherwa, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakaorera uye inobatsira kuti mhodzi dzimere.
Zvadaro, mbeu yeasparagus inofanira kuiswa uye zvishoma zvishoma zve substrate pamusoro pazvo. Pakupedzisira, kudiridza kwakapfava kunofanira kuitwa, pasina mvura inodonha nesimba.
Iyi nursery inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo isina miranzi yezuva, ine tembiricha yakakwana, imwe inotenderera 16°C. Kune rumwe rutivi, mubhedha wembeu unofanirwa kuvharwa nemucheka wemucheka unonyanya kusviba, apo chinosara ndechokuziva nezvekudiridza kana zvichidiwa.
Nenguva iyo kumera kwembeu yeasparagus inokosheswa, chidimbu chejira chinofanira kubviswa. Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kuti kujekesa kunokanganisa, saka ivo vanofanirwa kuisirwazve muhari kana yakananga substrate pavanenge vachikosheswa. Kune iyi nhanho inotevera yechirimwa, hari duku ndiyo yakanaka.
Nezvikamu
Gadzira kana kuita kudhindwa kweiyo asparagasi nekupatsanura, inotorwa senzira iri nyore uye inotoshanda. Mune izvi chete muganhu, kana inogona kutorwa nenzira iyo, ndiyo nguva iyo kuberekwa kana kuputika kwechirimwa chitsva kunosvika. Izvi ndezvekuti, maererano neiyo inowanikwa nembeu, iyo, kana ichienzaniswa neyekuparadzanisa, mhinduro yaro inova inononoka.
Sezviri mumhodzi, nguva yakakodzera yekuita iyi nzira yekubereka ndiyo mwaka wechirimo. Mune iyo, kuwedzera, kana ikaitwa pakutanga kweizvi, kune chirimwa ndeyekubatsira kwakakwana.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kuburikidza nechirimwa chiri padanho rekukura kwakakwana kana kukura, zvinokwanisika kubereka mhando yezvishanu uye kusvika kune zvitanhatu zvitsva zvachose. Tichirangarira kuti nzira iyo kubereka kunoitwa nayo nekupatsanura ndeyekuita izvo zvinorehwa nezita, ndiko kupatsanura chirimwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvichibvira kuwana zvishanu, zvitanhatu kana kunyange zvishoma, zvinongodiwa chete kudyara muhari yakagadzirwa. Ikoko nzira yekutevera yakafanana neyakaitwa kune zvimwe zvirimwa, uchikwanisa kushandisa kunyange hari dzinokwanisa kuzvimiririra. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvidyarwa zvinenge zvatove nekwaniso yekuzvichengeta ivo mutorwa uye nenzira yavo kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo yakasara yekutarisira, kudiridza uye kufutisa, pakati pevamwe, inoitwa nenzira yakajairwa, pasina shanduko, senge yakaitwa pachirimwa chakakura.
Mhando huru dzechirimwa cheasparagus
Pakati pemhando huru yemiti asparagasi zvinotevera:
asparagus plumosus
Mhando yeAsparagus plumosus, kana, asparagus yevarimi vemaruva, ndiyo inowanzowanikwa, saka ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inotsvakwa munzvimbo ino, uko chinangwa chayo ndechekushongedza maruva akasiyana-siyana nenzira inowirirana.
Kwakabva kuSouthern Africa kana South Africa. Inoratidzwa sechirimwa chine maitiro ekukwira uye kukura, saka kana ikawana chimwe chekubatirira pairi, inoramba ichishanduka. Hurefu hwainokwanisa kuwana huri muhupamhi hwemamita mashanu.
Inomirawo pakuratidza mashizha, eruvara rwegirinhi rwakakwana uye runotaridza kusimba, nekupenya, uko hunyengeri hunowanikwa mukunaka kwemashizha madiki uye matete. Pamusoro pezvo, madzinde ayo anoratidzwa nehurefu hwakakura, kunze kwekunge ane matavi. Pakuona, mashizha ayo anokwanisa kuonekwa nechitarisiko chakafanana necheminhenga, kunyanya sponginess.
Matavi ayo anopa kuomarara kwakazara muchikamu chechigadziko, icho gare gare, nekuda kwehurefu, inoenda kuzadzisa kutsauka kwakatwasuka uye kudzika. Kusasimba kwayo kwakashata uye kunzwisiswa ndiko kudzikira kwakadzikama tembiricha, izvo zvisingaifarire.
Asparagus densiflorus
Rudzi rwechirimwa urwu asparagasi, inewo mavambo ayo muSouth Africa, uko zvinoshamisa yakatora nzvimbo, inosvika pakutorwa semupambi, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa muHawaii. Iyo inomira kunze kweiyo perennial development chirimwa, ndosaka ine hupenyu hurefu hweanopfuura makore maviri. Sezviri muAsparagus plumosus, madzinde ayo akaomarara pazasi.
Iyo ine simba rekutumbuka nemuchena hue ine pinkish tinge, iyo inoitika mumwaka wezhizha. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti muto uri mumhando iyi yeasparagus plant mushure mekubatana neganda, inokwanisa kuunza kutsamwa. Ukuwo, michero yainoburitsa ine chepfu kana ikadyiwa.
Asparagus sprengeri
rudzi rwe asparagasi, Asparagus sprengeri, inoratidzirwa nekugadzira mashizha akawanda uye akawanda. Izvi zvine humbowo hwekuva nekufamba kwakazara, kuchinjika uye, uyezve, kuchengetedza kudonha kwechisikigo. Chirimwa chine mabviro ayo muAfrica, inobata inflorescence mumwaka wezhizha nehupenyu hupfupi. Inogona kukura mune yakananga substrate uye muhari, nekuti inochinjika nyore.
Asparagus plant care
Kutarisira kunofanirwa kuitwa pachirimwa cheasparagus, nechinangwa chekuchengetedza hutano uye mashizha, ndeaya anotevera:
Temperatura
Iyo yakanaka tembiricha yekukura uye kukura kweiyo asparagasi zvakanaka, ndiyo inodziya kutenderera 15°C. Nekudaro, inogona kuchengetedzwa uye kuchinjirwa mumucheto umo hushoma huri 5 ° C, nepo huwandu husingapfuuri 30 ° C.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvichidikanwa kuisa chibage pasi pepurasitiki, nokuti kutonhora kunoisimbisa, kuwedzera kunobatsira kunowanikwa, uko kusina kunaka ndiko kuti hutano hunoratidzwa nemuti hunokanganisa.
Humidity
Asparagus chirimwa chakatanhamara nekukudziridzwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine Humidity kuve yakakosha. Mupfungwa iyi, yakaringana mari inobvumwa ndeiya inofamba pakati pechikamu che85% ne90%. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana kushanduka kamwe kamwe muhutu kunonyorwa mumamiriro ezvinhu, ndiyo apo mithunzi kubva kune yero kusvika kune yakasvibirira inoonekwa mumashizha emuti.
Chiedza
Nokuda kwechirimwa ichi, chiedza chikamu chinokosha, maererano nekukura kwayo, saka inofanira kukura kunyanya mumapindu, apo, kana chiitiko chacho chisina kunanga, zviri nani. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kujeka kunopa zvese zvarinoda, kubva kune yakajairika kusvibira kwemashizha ayo. Chikonzero nei chiitiko chakananga chinofanirwa kuchengetwa ndechekuti mwenje wakasimba wezuva wakareba unokanganisa mavara emashizha ayo akapfava.
Kana yakasimwa muhari, iri nzvimbo yayo yemukati, inodiwa kuti ive panzvimbo iri pedyo nehwindo. Izvi ndezvekuti iwe ugone kutora kujeka kuzere kwaunoda kuti ugare zvakanaka.
Substratum
The substrate kuti chirimwa asparagasi iwe unoda, ndiyo inovimbisa kukwana kwakakwana kwemvura, uko pasina madhaka mushure mekudiridza kwakajairika kana mushure mekudonha kwemvura inonaya. Iyi substrate inofanirwa kuve yakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri uye zvicherwa, umo pH yayo inofanirwawo kunge iri padyo nekusarerekera.
Kana iyo substrate ikashaikwa ichi chinodiwa, inogona nyore kubatsirwa nekuwedzera coarse jecha, iro rinogadziriswa uye zvinodiwa zvinosangana.
Kudiridza
Dyara asparagasi, inosiyaniswa nekusada kudiridza kazhinji, kunyanya nekuda kwema bulbs ari mumidzi yawo. Ipo izvi zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze chirimwa chine mvura, nekuti ndiko kwavanochengeta mvura yavo, yavanozogovera.
Kudiridza, panguva iyi, kunofanira kuva kwakadzikama uye kwete kuwandisa, nokuti chirimwa chinongoda unyoro. Zvinokurudzirwa kuzviita kaviri kana katatu pavhiki, munguva yezhizha, zviri nani kana zvichiperekedzwa nekupfira mashizha. Kwemwaka wechando, kamwechete pavhiki yakakwana, nokuti haidi hydration yakawanda.
