Kune zvirwere zvinogona kubata mabhiza izvo vashoma vanoziva nezvazvo. Imwe yacho ndeyeEquine Encephalitis, iyo inoparadzirwa nehutachiona hunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana mumabhiza uye vanhu, kubereka kubva pafivha kusvika pakufa nekuda kwekuzvimba kweuropi. Nekuramba uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi iwe unozokwanisa kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Equine Encephalitis. Usazvipotsa!
equine encephalitis
Equine encephalitis chirwere chakakomba chehutachiona chinokanganisa mabhiza pamwe nevanhu. Shiri, zvisinei nekutapukirwa, dzinosangana nechirwere ichi asymptomatically uye pasina sequelae. Mundima dzinotevera tichagovana data inonakidza nezve izvo zvinozivikanwa nezvehutachiona uhu, munzvimbo yayo isingaperi, inova kondinendi yeAmerica, yakamisa hupenyu hwemabhiza mazhinji. Gare gare tichazopinda mune zvakadzama zviratidzo zvayo, marapirwo ayo uye nzira yekudzivirira utachiona hwayo.
Chii chinonzi Equine Encephalitis?
Equine encephalitis kana equine encephalomyelitis chirwere chehutachiwana icho mabhiza, shiri uye vanhu vanogona kutambura nacho, ndosaka ichizivikanwa sezoonotic pathology. Chirwere ichi chine marudzi mana, ose anokonzerwa nehutachiona hweAlphavirus genus, apo vatatu vekutanga varipo muAmerican continent:
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
- Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
- West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Mhando dzekumabvazuva nekumavirira ndidzo dzinonyanya kutapurirana uye dzinokuvadza kumapoka matatu emhuka dzinogona kukuvadza. Nekune rimwe divi, kana Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis ikaonekwa, inopatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, izvi zvichionekwa sezvisina hutsinye uye zvimwe zvinokuvadza mabhiza nevanhu.
Zvinokonzera
Mavhairasi anokonzera equine encephalitis chikamu cheiyo genus, iyo inopikisa zvishoma munzvimbo yekunze, saka haitore nguva yakareba kuti iite denature kana isiri kutapurira muviri. Pakutanga, mavhairasi aya anogara mukati meimwe rudzi rweumhutu hunongoparadzisa dzimwe shiri dzemusango nedzepamusha dzinenge dziri hosha iyi, kazhinji isingaoneki, dzisingamboruma vanhu kana dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Dambudziko rinoonekwa kana tembiricha yakwira munzvimbo dzavanogara uye mamwe marudzi eumhutu husingapukunyuke tembiricha yakaderera pahunoita kutaridzika kwawo. Uyu muunganidzwa mutsva weumhutu unogona kuruma zvose zviri zviviri shiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, zvichiparadzira hosha pakati pazvo.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zveequine encephalitis zvinosvika pakuonekwa senge chero imwe encephalitis. Iyo EEE, nguva dzose, ipfupi uye inouraya pathology. Kuratidzwa uye kukura kwezviratidzo ndezvi:
- High fever
- Bhiza harina basa
- Kuora mwoyo kunoratidzwa mumhuka
- Musoro wake unoratidza nzvimbo yakadonha maererano nemuviri
- Maziso nemiromo zvinoramba zvakapfava
- Maonero ako achinjwa
- Bhiza rinoisa makumbo aro kuitira kuti ave kure kure nerimwe nerimwe
- Kufamba kusingaite kunotanga apo uropi hunotanga kuzvimba
- Anotambura neataxia, paresxia uye, pakupedzisira, kuoma mitezo
- Mhuka yacho inorara pasi, inogwinha uye inoparara
Mhando dzeEquine Encephalitis
Pazasi isu tichaongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzeequine encephalitis dziripo uye kuti, kusvika pamwero mukuru, simbisa nzvimbo yavo kana chiyero chekuomarara kwechirwere chavo chinogona kuitika:
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Iro zita rinokonzerwa nekuti nzvimbo yayo huru yehutachiona inowanzowanikwa kumabvazuva kwakanyanyisa kweUnited States, kunyanya, muFlorida. Kuunganidzwa kwakakura kwemachakwi, madziva nenzvimbo dzine mvura inoita kuti ive nzvimbo yekutapurirana nyore, sezvo mosquito inoiparadzira iri Culex Melanura, sevamwe vakaita seCuliseta kana maAedes, akajairwa nematanda akaoma uye madhaka emvura. Pasinei nezvose, yakapararira kune dzimwe nyika dzeCaribbean, pamwe neCanada nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth America.
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Western equine encephalitis ndiyo imwe siyana yeiyi pathology inowanzo buritswa neumhutu, seCulex kana Culiseta. Muchiitiko chake, anoratidza zviyero zvakasiyana zvekurwara uye kufa. Semutemo wakajairwa, inokuvadza vanhu zvishoma, nepo ichinyanya hutsinye nemabhiza, uye zviitiko zvedenda zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzakaita seNorth America, Argentina, Brazil kana Uruguay.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
VeVenezuelan equine encephalitis yakagamuchira dhinominesheni iyi yekuve imwe yenzvimbo dzayakajairwa, pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzakatenderedza dzeAmerica dzakadai seEcuador, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador kana Trinidad, kunyanya munzvimbo dzesango. Nekudaro, nzira yekutapurirana yakafanana neyekumabvazuva equine encephalitis, sezvakaita zviratidzo zvayo. Umhutu hunowanzo paradzira utachiona uhu ndeidzi Aedes, Culex Portesi nePsorophora ferox.
West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi eequine encephalitis, West Nile Virus inozviratidza nezvimwe zviratidzo kana marudzi ehutachiona mukuwedzera kune mosquito kuzviruma pachayo, zvakadai sezvinoitika kuburikidza nekuwedzerwa ropa, kuyamwisa kana kuchinjwa uye kunyange nekusangana nemombe. Kuwedzera kune izvi, ine nzvimbo yakakura nekuda kwekutama kweshiri, inokwanisa kusvika anenge makondinendi ese epasi nemarudzi ese. Inotapurirwa neumhutu seCulex, Ochlerotatus kana Psorophora.
Kuongorora
Mushure mekuziva zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa nebhiza rine hutachiona uhu, chiremba wemhuka anogona kuongorora imwe mhando yehutachiona inokuvadza tsinga. Zvisinei, kusimbisa kuti hutachiona uye, kunyanya, hutachiona hunokonzera equine encephalitis, zvakakosha kuita hutachiona hwekuzviparadzanisa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasero kana mumakonzo anoyamwa.
Samples inotorwa yakananga kubva kucerebrospinal fluid yemhuka dzine hutachiona, kunyangwe masampuli etsinga anogona kutorwa kana mhuka yatoparara. ELISA bvunzo kana RNA kukwidziridzwa nePCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) inzira dzekukurumidza dzekuongorora, dzinowanzoshandiswa mumarabhoritari mazhinji.
Kurapa
Iyo inonyanya kukosha yezvinetso zveequine encephalitis ndeyokuti hapana mushonga unoshanda wekupedza hutachiona, saka chiyero chakanakisisa chekudzivirira chirwere ndechekudzivirira. Nenzira yekuti, kana chiitiko chechiitiko che equine encephalitis, zvinokurudzirwa kuparadzanisa mhuka uye kuchenesa nzvimbo yacho, sezvo zvichida kuti umhutu hunotenderera ikoko hunogona kuparadzira chirwere chacho.
Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haishande kurwisa mavhairasi uye hapana mushonga unozivikanwa unoshanda seantiviral pachirwere ichi. Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvakanyanya, kuderedza uye kutsigira kurapwa kunoshandiswa, sekunge kuchipatara kwebhiza, kutsigirwa kwekufema, kurapwa kwemvura uye kudzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona.
Equine Encephalitis uye Vaccine yayo
Nekudzivirira equine encephalitis utachiona kune nzira dzakawanda dziripo:
- Methodical vaccination yemabhiza ese ane majekiseni anotakura hutachiona husina simba kana mamwe ane passive virus. Kana uine kupokana, unofanira kubvunza chiremba wemhuka mazano echirongwa chejekiseni remaequines. Saizvozvo, majekiseni maviri ekushandisa muvanhu anogona kutengwa pamusika.
- Kudzora tupukanana twehumhutu nekuputira munzvimbo, izvo hazvikurudzirwe sezvo zvichibata mamwe maarthropods nemamwe marudzi asina hukama nechirwere. Kushandiswa kwemishonga yemuno asi inoshanda zvakanyanya kunodiwa.
- Kushandiswa kwe mosquito net, fumigation uye hutsanana mumatanga. Dzivirirai mvura kuti isamire mumadhamu kana mumadhiramu munogona kuberekerwa umhutu.
Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwese nzira dzekudzivirira idzi kunoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekubuda kwedenda pakati pemaequines.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvichakufadza zvechokwadi ndezvi: