Perkins Gilman's Yellow Wallpaper

Kana iwe uchida zvepfungwa zvinonakidza, unofanirwa kuverenga yellow wallpaper, naCharlotte Perkins Gilman, nyaya isingafungidzirwe pamusoro pekuora mwoyo kwepashure pekusununguka iyo yakaoma zvikuru asi iri nyore kuverenga. Pini yekuchengetedza!

Yellow Wallpaper: Nyaya irikuseri kweBhuku

The Yellow Wallpaper (Iyo Yellow Wallpaper), inyaya pfupi yakavakirwa pachiitiko cheautobiographical yemunyori wekuAmerica Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935), akaburitsa basa rake rine mukurumbira muna 1892.

Charlotte Perkins akaroora Charles Walter Stetson uye vakava nemwanasikana, uye pakarepo mushure mekusununguka akatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo kwepashure.

Vachinetsekana nezveutano hwemunyori, vakaenda kunoonana naDr. Silas Weir Mitchell, chiremba wetsinga aiva nemukurumbira wepanguva iyoyo uyo akamuwana aine "kuneta kwekutya" uye akakurudzira kurapwa kwekuzorora kwaireva kuzorora kwakakwana.

Kuti akunde kusagadzikana kwake kwetsinga, aifanira kubva pamabasa ake enguva dzose, kuisa parutivi kunyora, kuverenga uye, kazhinji, kuita mabasa mashoma sezvinobvira, kuzorora kwemuviri nepfungwa.

Charlotte akatevera mirairo yachiremba wake kwemwedzi yakawanda, achinyoresa kusavandudzika kwemafungiro ake uye hutano, uye achiwedzera kusvika pakufunga kuzviuraya.

Mamwe mangwanani, munyori akafunga kuti akange azorora zvakakwana uye kuti kana akasaita basa rake nezvisungo aizopenga zvisina tariro, saka akatangazve kunyora ndokutanga hurongwa hwake hwekupora.

Kupfurikidza bedzi nokudzokera kubasa uko iye akanaya mukuora mwoyo kwake, naizvozvo akaita chisarudzo chokunyora pasi zvinoitika zvake, kuitira kuti vakadzi vanotambura nezviratidzo zvakafanana vaisafanira kutsungirira zvakafanana naye.

Ndozvakazvarwa nyaya ya yellow wallpaper, nyaya yakaoma uye inoshungurudza pamusoro pekuora mwoyo kwepashure uye kusabatwa kwakaenzana kwevakadzi panguva iyoyo, umo sangano remadzitateguru raifunga kuti vakadzi vanofanira kutungamirirwa uye kuzviisa pasi pekuita zvisarudzo zvehama dzavo dzechirume.

The yellow wallpaper: Pfupiso yenyaya

Nhoroondo ye yellow wallpaper inorondedzerwa mumunhu wekutanga, inotaurirwa nenzira yekukurukurirana nemuverengi, yakanyorwa nemanzwiro ekuti diary yega, yakavanzika uye inorambidzwa iri kuverengwa.

Nyaya yacho inorondedzerwa nemukadzi uyo, mushure mekuratidza zviratidzo zvekunetseka kwekutya, "anorayirwa" nemurume wake, uyo ariwo chiremba nebasa, kuti arambe ari oga muimba yake mukuzorora kwakakwana mumuviri uye mupfungwa.

Kana kusaita basa kusingabatsire, protagonist wenyaya anotanga kufunga pamusoro peiyo yapera yero Wallpaper mukamuri yaanogara panguva "yekurapa" kwake.

Mumwedzi mitatu inopfuura ari muhusungwa mumba manor, apo murume wake nemukuwasha wake (waasingavimbi naye) vanochengeta zvese, protagonist inotaura nesu pamusoro pemurume wake, mwana wake achangozvarwa uye. nezvehupenyu hwemagariro hunoshamisa.

Mamiriro enyaya anogara achichinja rhythm, achitisiya tiine pfungwa yekusaenderera mberi inotiswededza pedyo nenyonganyonga yepfungwa iyo protagonist ari kufamba nayo, zvichitimanikidza kuti tinzwe kuvhiringidzika kwake uye kupererwa.

Muverengi anoona manzwiro ekuvharirwa nemunyori mudiki uye claustrophobic nzvimbo ye "kuzvivharira" kwemukadzi uyu (ane zita ratisingazive), akakomberedzwa nebepa reyero "umo mune maziso maviri ane bhuru akakutarisa kumusoro pasi".

Zvishoma nezvishoma, muverengi anopupurira kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwekuzivikanwa kwemunyori, uyo anotanga kuona zviratidzo zvevakadzi vakavharirwa mumadziro.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Mukadzi pamberi penguva yake

Munyori we yellow wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, akanga ari mukadzi zvakashamisa mberi kwenguva yake, akazvimiririra uye anozvivimba, izvo zvakamubatsira kukunda kuora mwoyo kwake uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakanakisisa zvehupenyu hwake.

Munyori aigara achidzivirira kodzero dzevanhukadzi zvakasimba uye mubasa rake anoratidza kutenda kwake kwakasimba pamusoro pehutongi hwevarume hwesangano remadzibaba rakatekeshera muUnited States.

Muna 1888, Charlotte akasarudza kurambana nemurume wake ndokuenda kuCalifornia nemwanasikana wake kuti aenderere mberi nekutsvaga basa rake rekunyora uye kuzvipira zvizere kune chido chikuru chehupenyu hwake, kunyora.

Charlotte akaberekerwa muHartford, Connecticut, muna Chikunguru 03, 1860 uye basa rake rine nyaya, zvinyorwa, nhetembo, zvinyorwa, akamirawo semudzidzisi uye mupepeti wezvinyorwa zvevhiki nevhiki "The Impress".

Muna 1934, pashure porufu rwomurume wake wechipiri, Houghton Gilman, Charlotte akabatwa kenza yezamu isingarapiki, naizvozvo akasarudza kutamira kuPasadena nomwanasikana wake navazukuru.

Semutsigiri akasimba we euthanasia kune vanorwara zvisingaite, Charlotte akafunga kugumisa hupenyu hwake nekuwandisa kwechloroform muna Nyamavhuvhu 17, 1935 uye mutsamba yake yekuzviuraya akataura zvinotevera:

"Kana kubatsira kwese kwapera, kana munhu aine chokwadi cherufu rwuri pedyo uye rusinganzvengeki, ndiyo iri nyore yekodzero dzevanhu kusarudza rufu runokurumidza uye rwakareruka, pachinzvimbo cherufu runotyisa uye rwunononoka.".

Kana iwe wakafarira zviri muchinyorwa chino, unogona kufarira kuziva nezve ender's mutambo pfupiso, naOrson Scott Card, saka tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge iyi inonakidza positi.

Basa rekunyora raCharlotte Perkins Gilman uye iyo yero Wallpaper

Mukufamba kwehupenyu hwake, Charlotte Perkins Gilman akasiya basa rakawanda mumhando dzakasiyana dzekunyora senge nhetembo, rondedzero, rondedzero, nyaya uye nyaya pfupi, mabhuku, magazini nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Manyorero emunyori uyu anowanzo kuenzaniswa nebasa raEdgar Allan Poe, sezvo achitasva mabasa ake pakati pemhando dzekufungidzira uye kutya.

Her utopia Herland (1915) anoonekwa seanotungamira wefeminist sainzi ngano, iyo yaakawana nzvimbo yekukudzwa pakati pevanyori vechikadzi vekuNorth America ine simba repasi rose.

Matauriro ake erondedzero akavakirwa pamusiyano uripo pakati pechaiwo neicho chisiri chaicho, fungidziro nenjere, zvine musoro uye zvisina musoro, zvine mavara akaomarara uye fungidziro yakajeka inokwevera muverengi munyika yake chaiyo.

Hazvibviri kuwana basa raCharlotte Perkins Gilman pasina kubvuma "kokero" yake yekushanyira nzvimbo dzake, kunzwa manzwiro ake uye kufamba nzira dzake.

• The yellow wallpaper. Nyaya (1892).
• Munyika yedu iyi. Nhetembo (1893).
• Literary weekly The Impress. Mupepeti uye munyori wenyaya (194-1895).
• Vakadzi nehupfumi. Chibvumirano (1898).
• musha: Ibasa uye kufurira. Chibvumirano (1903).
• The Forerunner Magazine. Mupepeti uye munyori wenyaya (1909-1916).
• Nyika yavo. Novel (1909).
• Zvakaitwa naDiantha. Novel (1910).
• Muchinjikwa (Novel (1911).
• Nyaya (1911).
• Kufambisa gomo Nyaya (1911).
• Benigna Machiavelli. Novel (1912).
• Dai ndiri murume nedzimwe nyaya. Nyaya (1914).
• Dellas: Nyika yevakadzi. Nyaya. (1915)
• Herland (Matriarchy). Utopia (1915).
• Chitendero chemurume nemukadzi. Chibvumirano (1922).
• Hupenyu hwaCharlotte Perkins Gilman. Autobiography (1925).
• Hapana chirango. Novel rakaburitswa mushure mekufa (1997).

Kana iwe wakafarira zviri muchinyorwa chino, unogona kufarira kuziva nezve Marine book pfupiso, naCarlos Ruiz Zafón, saka tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge iyi inonakidza positi.

Nhaka yaCharlotte Perkins Gilman

Mushure mekutanga kudhindwa kwe yellow wallpaper, mumagazini yeNew England mugore ra1892, mumwe chiremba wokuBoston akati “nyaya iyi yaisafanira kunyorwa, nekuti kungoiverenga chete kwaigona kupengesa chero munhu".

Mamiriro emagariro akakonzerwa nenyaya pfupi yaCharlotte Perkins Gilman akapa kusimuka kwekufamba mukati mevashandi vezvokurapa kwakashandura nzira yekurapa zvirwere zvetsinga.

The yellow wallpaper Yakave ipfupi yekunyora gem iyo yakamira bvunzo yenguva uye yemazuva ano, yakaramba iripo kuburikidza nemakumi emakore apfuura kubva pakuburitswa kwayo.

Basa racho, nenzira yakapfava zvikuru, rinotipa tarisiro yakapinza yegadziriro yeroorano nemadzibaba yakatekeshera munguva apo vakadzi vakanga vachiri vasina kodzero yokuvhota uye vaifarikanya vashomanene zvikuru kodzero dzevanhu.

Mundima dzayo tinowana zvirevo zvakabatanidzwa zvine hungwaru, asi zvichishungurudza muhunhu hwavo nekuda kwechokwadi chinosuwisa chavanotaridza:

• "John anondiseka hangu, asi ndizvo zvaunotarisira kana waroora."
• “John haazivi zvandinotambura; anongoziva kuti hapana chikonzero chekuti atambure, uye anogutsikana nazvo”.
• “Handizive kuti sei ndichinyora izvi. Handiskuda. Handisi kunzwa kugona. Uye ndinoziva kuti John aizozviona zvisina musoro. Asi neimwe nzira ndichafanira kutaura zvandinonzwa nezvandinofunga; Zvinonyaradza kudaro!

Yellow Wallpaper uye Hupenyu Hunonyadzisa hwaCharlotte Perkins Gilman

Kunyangwe zvichinyatsozivikanwa kuti Charlotte Perkins Gilman aive mukadzi aive nemazano epamusoro panguva yake, zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mararamiro ake uye zvimwe zvezvisarudzo zvake zvakakonzera nyonganyonga nenyonganyonga munzanga yeAmerica pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. XX.

atypical hudiki

Pashure pokunge baba vake vamusiya, Charlotte, amai vake, uye munun’una wake vaigara sevatama-tama muguta neguta, nepo amai vaienda kubasa nebasa kuti vatsigire vana uku vachirwisana nemadhemoni avo.

Kakawanda vaifanira kumbogara mudzimba dzehama nokuti vakanga vasina pokugara, izvo zvakaita kuti Charlotte ave netsika yokuverenga uye kukudziridza kufunga kwake.

kusazorora kuyaruka

Mumakore ake okuyaruka, Charlotte akashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehushamwari hwechikadzi chete uye anonzi ane hukama hwakasimba hwerudo naMartha Luther.

Munhoroondo yehupenyu hwake, akataura nezvehukama hwavo nemazwi anotevera: “… takanga tiri pedyo zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe, tichiwedzera kufara tiri pamwe chete, mumakore mana iwayo ehudiki hwakanyanya. Akanga ari munhu wepedyo uye anodiwa zvikuru waakanga ambova naye. Rwaiva rudo, asi kwete bonde. NaMartha ndaiziva mufaro wakakwana… Hatina kungotendana zvakanyanya, asi takavawo nekunakidzwa kunonaka pamwe chete…”

Kurambana

Muna 1894, Charlotte akasarudza kurambana nemurume wake wekutanga, Charles Walter Stetson, muimbi waakanga aroora muna 1884 uye waaive aine mwanasikana wake mumwe chete, Katherine, muna 1885.

Kurambana rakanga riri danho risingafungidzike kuvakadzi vepanguva iyoyo, asi Charlotte akanga akaomerera pakuti kugara akaparadzana zvachose nemurume wake kwaikosha mukuchengetedza utano hwake hwepfungwa.

Charlotte haana kumbobvira anzwa kuda kuroora, kuve amai, mhuri, kana imba, uye sarudzo yake yekuroora yakakonzerwa nekuodzwa mwoyo nemuchato waMartha usati wasvika muna 1881.

Mhuri yakakura

Muna 1894, Charlotte akatumira mwanasikana wake Katherine kuti anogara nababa vake nemudzimai wake mutsva (Grace Channing), uyo aivawo shamwari yake, achimuwanira zita rokuti "amai vasiri venyama uye mukadzi akarambwa," izvo zvakaita kuti avhare. "The Impress" (1894-1895).

Muzvinyorwa zvake, Charlotte aizotaura kuti "amai vechipiri vaKatherine vakanga vakanaka sevokutanga, vari nani munzira dzakawanda kupfuura imwe chete", uye aigara ari pedyo zvikuru nevaviri nemwanasikana wavo, vachigadzira mhuri isina kujairika yenguva.

Your Social Activism

Panguva apo avo vanonzi "suffragettes" vakadzingwa kubva munharaunda yeAmerica ine hunhu, Charlotte Perkins Gilman akaramba achishingairira kodzero dzevakadzi muhupenyu hwake hwese.

Akatanga kupinda mumasangano akasiyana anorwira kodzero dzevanhukadzi uye anorwira shanduko, akadai sePacific Coast Woman's Association, Woman's Alliance, Economic Club, Ebell Society, Parents Association, uye State Council for Women. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve yellow wallpaper, usamire kutarisa vhidhiyo inotevera.