Masquids, ma teutidos kana nesainzi anonzi Teuthida, chirongwa che cephalopod molluscs ine hungwaru hwakakura, tisingarevi kuti imhuka dzemugungwa uye dzinodya nyama. Mhuka idzi dzinoda kuziva dzinomiririra imwe yezvisikwa zvisinganzwisisike uye zvakasiyana-siyana zverudzi rwese rwemhuka, sezvo nzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo inosanganisira mvura yakadzika zvekuti hapana kana vanhu vakakwanisa kuzviongorora. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve El Calamar, usazeze kwechinguva kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga ichi chinyorwa chikuru.
Squid
Kurongeka kweiyo theutids, zvakare, kune mamwe maviri madiki, ayo anonzi Myopsida uye Oegopsida, kutaura zvazviri, iyo yekupedzisira kune yakakurumbira giant squid uye colossal squid. Squids anogara achivhiringidzika nema octopus, uye kunyangwe aine akafanana asingarambike, marudzi ese ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwakasiyana hunoasiyanisa kubva kune mumwe.
Maererano nekuongorora kwakasiyana kwakaitwa pamusoro pekwakabva squid, madzitateguru ekutanga emhando iyi akapa zviratidzo zvehupenyu makore anenge mamiriyoni 500 apfuura uye akanga akafukidzwa zvachose nehombe huru yekonical, makungu ayo akanga achinyangarika nekufamba kwemakore.
Squid marudzi
Mhando dzese dze squid dzinopa kusiyana kukuru maererano nekunze uye nemukati maumbirwo azvo. Kune rumwe rutivi, tinogona kuwana squid diki isingakwanisi kusvika masendimita mashoma pakureba kwese, ukuwo, tinowana colossal squid, mazhinji acho akarondedzerwa mutsika dzakakurumbira sezvikara zvegungwa zvine matende makuru. . Zvisinei, hadzisi mhuka dzokuva nadzo, sezvo squid dzisingambotsvaki vanhu zvokudya, kunyange zvazvo usingafaniri kurerutsa simba guru rinoitwa nemhuka idzi padzinonzwa dzichityisidzirwa neimwe nzira.
Pasinei neizvi, nhamba chaiyo yemarudzi esquid aripo nhasi haazivikanwi zvachose, zvisinei, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana zvakadzidzwa. Mhando idzi dzinowanzova neruvara rwakanyanya dzvuku, dzine chitarisiko chegrey, uye dzakafukidzwa zvachose nemachromatophores anoratidza mavara akanaka kwazvo. Zvakare, mhuka idzi dzine hunhu hwakasiyana hwakasiyana maererano neiyo physiognomy, mazhinji madiki, epakati, mamwe mahombe, anotova ne "vampiresque" chitarisiko, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi anogona kunge ari kunze.
Sezvatakambotaura, squids kana teutidos urongwa hunoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinonzi Myopsida uye Oegopsida, uye mukati mezvikamu izvi tinogona kuwana mhando dzakawanda dzesquid, zvisinei, pakati pemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa Pazvose. tinogona kusimbisa mamwe akadai seanotevera:
Vampire Squid:
Iyi imhando yemhuka yecephalopod mollusc, kazhinji ganda rayo rine toni dzakatsvuka zvakanyanya kana dzvuku dzvuku, toni dzakafanana dzinosangana zvakakwana nemeso matsvuku. Hunhu hukuru hunoisiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe mhuka ndehwekuti ine ganda rakatetepa uye rakatsetseka rinobatanidza maoko ayo masere, ane zvakare akashongedzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzenyama spines inonzi cirri. Pamusoro peizvi, vane chitarisiko chakafanana neicho chevampire, saka zita ravo.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nesainzi idzi squids dzinodaidzwa kuti Vampyroteuthis infernalis, uye chikamu chemhando yesquid diki, sezvo isingasvike kureba pakati pe26 ne30 centimita. Idzi squid diki dzinowanzopedza huzhinji hwehupenyu hwadzo pakadzika kwemamita 900 uko chiedza chezuva chiri chishoma, sezvakaita oxygen. Sechokwadi chinoda kuziva, kunotaurwa kuti vadiki ava havana zvachose bhegi reinki, chimwe chinhu icho ruzhinji rwemarudzi anarwo.
Humboldt squid:
Squid hombe idzi dzinogamuchirawo mazita akasiyana, akadai sePacific squid kana jumbo squid. Humwe hunhu hunonyanyozivikanwa nerudzi urwu hunhu hwayo hwehasha kuvanhu, kunyangwe zvichinzi izvi zvinotariswa zvakanyanya nekuvhiringidzwa kwayo mukudyisa. Mhando iyi ye squid ine ganda rakati dzvuku iro pasi pegungwa rinogona kuoneka rakachenuruka greyish toni. Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti vanogara vachisvika saizi inosvika 1.9 metres chete mujasi ravo.
Giant squid:
Iyi ingangove ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando dzesquid pane ese, ivo vanowanzo svika kureba pakati pepfumbamwe negumi metres, zvisinei, kune imwe mhando inogona kudarika izvi zvinokatyamadza zviyero. Mamiriro emhuka iyi anoshamisa chaizvo, anoita kunge munhu anobva kune imwe nyika, tsindi idzi dzine ganda dzvuku rine mavara machena akasiyana pamuviri wadzo, musoro mukuru kwazvo, uye matende masere. Idzi mhuka dzakaoma zvikuru kuona, zvisinei, zvienzaniso zvekusvika mamita gumi nematatu pakureba zvakayerwa, tisingatauri kuti zvinogona kurema kusvika 900 kilogram.
Colossal Squid:
Makore mashoma apfuura, zvaifungidzirwa kuti giant squid ndiyo mhuka huru isina vertebra yakararama, zvisinei, makore gare gare squid hombe yakaonekwa, iyo inoipfuura muhurefu uye uremu. Aya mahombe squid anonziwo Antarctic cranquiluria uye kuwanikwa kwavo kwanga kuri nguva pfupi yadarika, chokwadi, yakawanikwa muna 1925 mudumbu resperm whale. Nehurombo, imhuka dzakaomesesa kuona, uye shoma dzakadzidzwa pakati pemamita gumi negumi nemana pakureba, tisingarevi uremu hwadzo, hunosvika 10 makirogiramu.
Hunhu hweSquid
Imwe yemisiyano yakashata uye ine hunhu ine squid, mukuwedzera kune matende avo, ihembe hombe uye refu uye muromo wavo unodyisa. Mukati meiyi jasi mune zvikamu zveanatomical zvakawanda, zvakawanda kupfuura zvatingatofunga nezvazvo, nepo muromo wavo uri chidimbu chakakosha chavanofanira kuzvidyisa, sezvo, neizvi, vanokuya chikafu chavo chose; chokwadi, yakaoma zvokuti zvikara zvayo haigoni kana kuipwanya nokuigaya zvakanaka, inonanga mudumbu mayo.
Zvokudya
Chikafu chine squids chakasiyana zvakanyanya, pamwe nenhamba huru yezvipenyu zviripo, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti maitiro avo ekudya anoshanduka zvichienderana nezera ravo, nzvimbo nenzvimbo uye saizi. Ivava vanowanzo gara vari vega, zvisinei, vanokwanisa kubatana nezvikoro kana mune chero imwe nzvimbo kwavanogona kutora mukana wekureruka kweizvi kubata mhuka yavo. Squid ine kuparadzirwa kwepasirese kwakakura kwazvo, idzi dzinobva kumvura inotonhora zvakanyanya, kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinopisa uye dzinopisa, matunhu ese aya anochinjirwa kumarudzi esquid uye kudya kunovaka kwavanoda.
Kuberekerwa
Idzi imhuka dzisinganzwisisike, uye imwe yematanho asingazivikanwe nevanhu nezve mhuka idzi maitiro ekubereka, izvi imhaka yekuti hazvina kujairika kuti squid idyidzane pamwe nekuberekana, zvakanaka, nzvimbo yekugara kwavanogara. yakakura, tisingarevi kuti kusangana kwevarume nevakadzi hakuwanzoitiki.” Zvisinei, maererano nokuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwesayenzi, zvinozivikanwa kuti maspermatophores esquid anoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwevana vanotevera. Kunyangwe tembiricha uye zvimwe zvinhu munharaunda yako zvinogona kuitawo basa rekuona.
Zvinotyisa
Nehurombo, achangozvarwa squid ndeimwe yezvinangwa zvikuru kune vese vanovadya, chinhu chisingadzivisiki uye chakajairika. Zvisinei, zvimwe chetezvo hazvigoni kutaurwa kumarudzi makurusa e<em>squid, akadai se<em>giant squid kana kuti colossal squid, iyo paavhareji inosvika kureba huri pakati pemamita gumi negumi namana. Kana iri squid iyi, chikara chavanacho ndechimwe chezvipembenene zvikuru zviripo, izvo zvinogona kukunda simba nehukuru hwesquid izvi zviri nyore.
Kune rumwe rutivi, munyaya yemhando duku dzesquid, dzinotarisana nepinnipeds dzakasiyana, hove huru kwazvo, shiri, pakati pemamwe marudzi emhuka mukati mezvipenyu zvegungwa. Kunyangwe mazhinji ezvitsiga aya anowanzo kurwisana uye kuita nyama yevanhu; zvisinei, kunofanira kuyeukwa kuti muvengi waro mukuru nhasi munhu.
Kunyangwe iye zvino, squid haisati yaonekwa semhuka iri kutyisidzirwa kana kuti iri mungozi yekutsakatika, zvisinei, pane kushayikwa kukuru kweruzivo pamusoro pehukuru hwehuwandu hwayo, iyo inogadzirisa maaramu, nokuti, chaizvoizvo, iwe hauna pfungwa. .kujekesa kuti kuredza kwezvokutengeserana kungave kuri kukanganisa sei mhuka idzi, tisingatauri kuti nokuda kwokushayikwa kworuzivo urwu, kudzora hakugoni kuitwa kumisa kubata hove kusingadzorwi.
Pakutanga, hazvina kuita sedambudziko, sezvo mazana emazana ematani akatorwa pagore, zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura kudiwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, nhasi mazana ezviuru zvematani anotorwa gore negore. , iyo inogona kutyisidzira cheni dzezvokudya mumakungwa.
Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhuka dzose pasi rose, usazeza kwekanguva kamwechete kubva usina kutanga waverenga zvinyorwa zvitatu izvi zvinoshamisa: