Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi tinokuunzira ruzivo rwakadzama nezvebasa rehunyanzvi rinozivikanwa Iko kutsvoda yakagadzirwa nemuimbi wekuAustria Gustav Klimt, uyo akasarudza kugadzira basa reunyanzvi kusanganisa unyanzvi hwemazuva ano neunyanzvi hwechitendero, achiisa mabasa ake mushizha regoridhe kuti awedzere kukosha uye nhasi ibasa rinokosheswa zvikuru. Ramba uchiverenga uye udzidze zvakawanda nezve artwork!
Kutsvoda kwaGustav Klimt
Basa rinozivikanwa sekutsvoda kwakaitwa nemuvendi werudzi rweAustria anozivikanwa saGustav Klimt, chidimbu chakagadzirwa nemafuta pacanvas inoyera 180 ne180 cm. Yakagadzirwawo nemarata negoridhe flakes. Izvozvo zvakatanga kuitwa mugore ra1907 uye zvakapedzwa mugore ra1908.
Kunyangwe zvazvo nyanzvi iyi ichizivikanwa nemabasa ake akasiyana ane maflakes egoridhe akawanda ayo kana aonekwa basa rinopenya pamberi pemeso evanhu vanotarisira. Basa iro kiss, Icho chimedu chakanyatsogadzirwa chinokwezva kutarisisa kweveruzhinji uye nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi, parizvino basa ririkuratidzwa paOsterreichische Galerie Belvedere ine mukurumbira muVienna.
Kunyangwe hazvo zvichifanira kucherechedzwa kuti mabasa mazhinji akaitwa nemunyori weAustria Gustav Klimt akabata pfungwa dzevanhu nekuti akanyorwa semabasa ezvinonyadzisira. Mukuwedzera, yakanga yakatsveyamiswa zvikuru uye yakakonzera kunyomba kwakawanda muvanhu vanotarisira basa.
Mutariri weAustria ainzi Enfant anotyisa, izwi rechiFrench rinoreva kuti munhu anopandukira, asingateveri mitemo asi panguva imwe chete akajeka uye akangwara. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakafunga nezvemupendi weAustria nemabasa ake kuti vakanga vari anti-populist uye anti-authoritarian. Asi basa rekutsvoda raive nekugamuchirwa kukuru pakati peveruzhinji nevashori varo. Kuti ndakakwanisa kuwana vatengi vebasa El Beso.
Ongororo yemutambo The Kiss
Iro basa rekutsvoda nemuimbi Gustav Klimt rakafemerwa nemashure emabasa ehunyanzvi akawanikwa mumakereke eItari, kunyanya muByzantine mosaics uye Chechi yeSan Vitale muRavenna, pamwe nekupedza kwavo.
Izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti muimbi weAustria Gustav Klimt akashandisa hunyanzvi hwekushandisa goridhe nerata foil kushongedza kumashure kwemabasa ake, sezvo nzira iyi yaishandiswa kare kare kushongedza mifananidzo yevasande uye mugadziri aishandisa zvakawanda. yemidziyo kuti ikwanise kukonzeresa mifungo pamusoro penyaya yehuroyi, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga iri nyaya yakanga yava kutanga kutaurwa zvakajeka munzanga.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kumashure kwebasa kutsvoda kwakaitwa kuti ipe pfungwa yekusavapo kwenguva. Nenzira iyi furemu yemufananidzo inoita sekuti vadikani vari kubhururuka munzvimbo huru yegoridhe. Kunyangwe chete kutsvoda kunomira kunze kwebasa, ndezvekuti kune mafuro apo vadikani vanogona kuburitsa kuda kwavo uye izvi zvinoita kuti zvisikwa zvipe chiratidzo cherudo rwakachena uye rwechokwadi pakati pavo.
Kunyangwe mupendi wekuAustria, paanenge achigadzira kumashure kwebasa kutsvoda, anoshandisa zvidimbu zviviri zvakasiyana kumurume uye kumukadzi, sezvo iyo layer yaanogadzirira murume ndeye chess game-style yekushongedza ine mavara dema nechena izvo. vanofananidzira kubatana kwemusikana nemurume.
Mukuwedzera, muenzi wacho akawedzera spirals inobatanidza mapoka e lamellae uye nenzira iyi inoputsa neflat geometry yebasa pamwe nekuoma kwayo. Nepo kumukadzi akaisa mufananidzo wakanaka wemavara uye rudzi rwebindu.
Kutsvodana kunoitika mukutamba, murume ndipo paanosvika kumukadzi obva amumbundira zvine simba kuti amutsvode, kunyangwe pachiitiko ichi unoona kuti mudiwa anomumbundira nerudo asi anongomupa kiss nyoro. pedyo zvikuru kubva pamiromo yake. Kunyange zvazvo achisuduruka, kumbundirana kwavanoita kune rudo zvikuru.
Tsanangudzo chaiyo yemifananidzo
Mukumiririra kwebasa rinonzi kutsvoda, apo muvezi anoita chimiro chevamwe vadikani vane rudo zvikuru uye zvinokwanisika kuona nenzira iyo vanoita sevanobatana murudo rusingaperi. Imwe pendi yacho inzvimbo inopenya senzvimbo yevanoda ava.
Iyo pateni inodhirowewa nemupendi Gustav Klimt musambo unozivikanwa seArt Nouveau uyo unozivikanwa seunyanzvi mune zvemazuva ano. Iyoyo yanga iri ikozvino yekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nenzira imwecheteyo nyanzvi yakashandisa mafomu esangano rinozivikanwa remazuva ano Arts and Crafts.
Paunenge uchipinda mumafambiro aya mubasa, zvinokwanisika kukoshesa pakati pezvikamu zviviri nezvitatu. Ndosaka mifananidzo yakaita sebasa iro kutsvoda kuri zviratidzo zvinoonekwa izvo zvinozivikanwa se "fin-de-siècle" mabasa anozadza mweya sezvo achitumira mifananidzo yenyama inozadza hunhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwegoridhe kwakanyanya kunyanzvi, anotarisa pamifananidzo yeMiddle Ages kuti basa rive nemwenje wakakwana, pamwe chete nemanyoro egoridhe. Uye midzimu yandinoshandisa kupinda mubasa inoyeuchidza veruzhinji nezveinonzi Bronze Age. Kunyange zvazvo basa racho rinoitwa mune inonzi classical era of art.
Nekureva kune vanoda basa, kutsvoda pamusoro wemurume, kunoguma nechepamusoro pependi, izvo zvinopa kupatsanurwa kumitemo inowanzoitwa neveWestern artists, asi inoratidzwa zvakanyanya neEastern art. , kunyanya nejapan art. Sezvo kuumbwa kwebasa kwakanyatsojekeswa.
Kunyange zvazvo vadikani vanomiririrwa mubasa munzvimbo yakakura. Murume wacho akakomberedzwa nejira dema nechena sechessboard asi rakaiswa zvisina kurongwa. Mune mapepa akawanda egoridhe akaiswa muchimiro che spirals. Mukuwedzera, murume wacho anopfeka rudzi rwekorona yemazambiringa.
Nezvemukadzi ari muhunyanzvi hwekuita basa rehowa, zvinoonekwa kuti akapfeka chipfeko chakaomarara chine mavara ane akawanda motifs uye maruva akatenderedzwa, iwo motifs ane ovha muchimiro uye ane gobvu uye yakadzika mitsara yakafanana. Bvudzi romukadzi uyu rakashongedzwa nemaruva akasiyana-siyana, asi akapfeka bvudzi rine buri, asi zvakanyanya panguva iyo basa racho rakapendwa.
Mupendi Gustav Klimt akasimbisa nenzira yakanakisa kupenya kwechiso chemukadzi uyu sezvo chiso chake chakamira zvakanyanya nekuti zvinoratidza kuti anodanana zvakanyanya nemumwe wake. Uchitevera chiso chemukadzi uyu, unoona kuti akapfeka necklace yeruva kuti chiitiko chacho chiwedzere kunakidza.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti muimbi Gustav Klimt akavakira basa rake The Kiss pane mumwe wake uye shamwari yepedyo, Miss Emilie Flöge, akashanda semugadziri wefashoni uye muzvinabhizinesi muAustria. Asi hapana data inogona kusimbisa izvo vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanotaura nezvechikonzero chakafuridzira muimbi Gustav Klimt kuti apende basa rakadaro reunyanzvi.
Saizvozvo, vamwe vatsoropodzi vehunyanzvi vakaratidza kuti mukadzi anoonekwa mukutsvoda aive mushandi anobhadharwa nemuimbi uye aizivikanwa se "Red Hilda"; Mienzaniso maererano neyo yakanga yakafanana zvikuru nemuenzaniso wakashandiswa kuita mabasa Mukadzi ane feather boa, Goldfish uye Danae.
Zvakakosha kujekesa mubasa kutsvoda iyo muimbi Gustav Klimt akatanga kushandisa goridhe nemarata mapepa, pamwe chete nebhuronzi kubva paakaita rwendo kuenda kuItaly muna 1903, ikoko akawana mukana wekushanyira Ravenna uye Akakwanisa. cherechedza mifananidzo yeByzantine yaiva muchechi yeSan Vital.
Zvakakosha kujekesa munyaya ino pamusoro pebasa rekutsvoda iyo Byzantine mosaics ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mifananidzo yeByzantine yakatanga kuitwa muguta reConstantinople. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvivakwa uye zvivezwa zvinozivikanwa ikoko neiyo nzira inonzi Byzantine.
Kunyange zvazvo munyori wemifananidzo Gustav Klimt akashandisa zvinyorwa zveByzantine mumabasa ake sezvo vakanga vasina kudzika uye maonero, asi nekupenya kwegoridhe kwaiva nebasa racho, vanhu vakawanda muruzhinji vakashamiswa nebasa rakanaka reunyanzvi raakanga aita.
Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvependi, kutsvoda kwakaitwa nemuimbi Gustav Klimt kwakadudzirwa kuti basa kubva pakuona kweiyo iconographic nenyanzvi dzakawanda dzehunyanzvi chiratidzo chekuti mwari wechiGiriki Apollo anotsvoda Daphne akanaka kuti ari kushanduka kuita murairi. muti.
Kuda kuziva nezvebasa The Kiss
Kuve rimwe remabasa anonyanya kukosha mune zvemazuva ano, basa iro kutsvoda kwakawana mukurumbira wakawanda uye vanhu vazhinji, kunyanya vatsoropodzi vehunyanzvi, vakawana zvakawanda zvekuda kuziva nezve basa razvino ratinozotaura zvinotevera:
- Apo muimbi Gustav Klimt akatanga kuita basa rake kutsvoda, basa rake reunyanzvi rakanga richidzikira kubvira paakagamuchira zviseko zvakawanda pamusoro pemabasa aakaita, kusekwa kwekutanga kwaakagamuchira apo zana remakore rechiXNUMX rakanga rava kutanga, sezvo akanga aita mabasa akati wandei pamifananidzo. denga kubva kuYunivhesiti yeVienna. Nemhaka yokuti akanga aita mamwe mavara asina kupfeka uye akadudzira mabasa ake seanonyadzisira uye akashata, achisvibisa mukurumbira wake.
- Panguva yekufemerwa nebasa rake, kutsvoda, mupendi aida kudzoreredza mukurumbira wake uye akapenda nehasha, asi iye pachake akakahadzika basa rake sezvo mutsamba yakanyorwa naiye akareurura zvinotevera: “Kunyange ndanyanya kuchembera, kana kuti kunyanyotya kana kuti kunyanyopusa, chimwe chinhu chinofanira kuva chisina kururama” asi nokukurumidza femero yakauya kwaari kuva basa rake guru.
- Iyo huru nyanzvi yekutsvoda yakatotengwa isina kupera nekuti raive gore ra1908, mugadziri anoratidza mufananidzo wake kekutanga muAustria Gallery iyo miziyamu inozivikanwa se Österreichische Galerie Belvedere akazvipira kuitenga kuti awedzere kuratidzwa kwake kwezuva nezuva uye. vakawanda vanosarudza.
- Basa rekutsvoda rakakonzera nyonganyonga yekuti payakatengeswa yakatyora rekodhi nekuti waizotengesa sei basa rakanga risati rapera sezvo museum yakapa huwandu hwe25 thousand korona dzebasa iro parizvino rinenge 240 US dollars. yebasa uye muAustria pakanga pasina muenzaniso saka basa rinodhura kwazvo rakanga ratengwa raidhura nezve 500 korona.
- Kunyange zvazvo mutengo wacho waidhura panguva iyoyo, vakazoziva kuti yakanga iri kutengeserana kwechokwadi, ndicho chikonzero Austria yakatora basa sechikamu chepfuma yenyika, kunyange zvazvo museum usina kumbopa mukana wekutengesa basa asi raizodhura. mari yakawanda kubvira basa remuimbi Gustav Klimt rakatengeswa nemadhora zana nemakumi matatu nemashanu iro basa ndiAdele Bloch-Bauer.
- Icho chidimbu chinozivikanwa nekukonana kukuru kwemaitiro ehunyanzvi ayo anazvo, sezvo vadikani vakamiririra yakasarudzika mafomu eVienna Art Nouveau movement (Vienna Jugendstil). Asi zvakare ine simba rakawanda kubva kuArt and Crafts kufamba nemafomu ayo akareruka uye anokatyamadza magadzirirwo. Nepo maspirals ebasa anodzokera kunguva yeBronze Age.
- Iro basa The Kiss rave kuzivikanwa semuenzaniso wekutanga wenguva yegoridhe yemuimbi sezvo rakafemerwa neByzantine mosaics raakasangana naro parwendo rwake rwekuItaly. Ndokusaka nyanzvi yakatanga kusanganisa shizha regoridhe mumabasa ake kuti basa rimwe nerimwe ripe maitiro ake.
- Nebasa racho kutsvoda nyanzvi yakatanga kunangisa mabasa ake kuvakadzi uye kana murume akapinda mumabasa ake eunyanzvi aiviga chiso chake sezvo chiri chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika mumabasa emupendi. Iri zvakare rimwe remabasa apo muimbi anoisa mhando dzake nehembe dzakawanda.
- Vazhinji vatsoropodzi vehunyanzvi vakasvika pakusimbisa kuti muvendi Gustav Klimt akangoita mufananidzo wake wega pamwe chete nemuenzaniso uye mugadziri Emily Flöge, waakange atoita mufananidzo wenguva yapfuura. Asi hapasati paine humbowo hunoratidza kuti ichokwadi
- Izvo zvakare zvakaratidzwa kuti museti webasa kutsvoda ndiye mukadzi wevanhu vepamusoro anozivikanwa saAdele Bloch-Bauer, uyo angadai akave akaitwa basa reunyanzvi.
- Nekuda kwekukosha kukuru kune basa, rakashambadzirwa zvakanyanya uye rakasvibiswa kubva muvendi akaita basa iri mumufananidzo wakakwana asi nekuda kwekushambadza rakashandurwa kuita rectangle sezvo mativi akadimburwa. Kugadzira mapepa, mapositadhi uye ndangariro dzakasiyana dzebasa kutsvoda.
- Vamwe vanhu vemuchechi iyi vati kutsvodana uku kunyomba sezvo nyanzvi iyi yakashandisa hunyanzvi hwechitendero kushongedza basa rake. Nokuti kushandisa shizha regoridhe uye nokudaro kupemberera mafaro ehupenyu, wenyama uye zvepabonde, kwave kuchionekwa sekutuka zvikuru.
- Kupa rukudzo kumabasa ehunyanzvi muna 2003, Austria yakatanga kugadzira mari yechirangaridzo yeXNUMX-euro yaive nechiso chemuimbi Gustav Klimt kune rimwe divi uye kutsvoda kune rimwe.
- Kubva zvabuda pachena basa iri,hapana akaora moyo.Vanhu vakawanda vakaenda kunoona basa reunyanzvi vachishamiswa nechimiro charo.Havazivi kuti zvakaitwa nevadikanwi here,kana kuti goridhe raro. ine, kana nekuda kwehukuru hwayo ..
Muchidimbu, basa iro kutsvoda kwemuimbi weAustria Gustav Klimt rave riri rimwe remabasa emazuva ano akanakisa ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye parizvino rine mukurumbira mukuru wekuti Austria inoichengeta sepfuma huru yenyika uye kukosha kwayo kwave kusingaverengeki.
Kana basa iro The Kiss nemuimbi wekuAustria Gustav Klimt raita sekunge rakakosha kwauri, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: