Iwe unoda kuziva zvese nezve emvura dinosaurs? Saka haugone kupotsa ruzivo rwese urwu; Iwe uchawana nzira yavo yekudyisa, mabviro avakaita, marudzi avo akasiyana nemazita.
Aquatic kana marine dinosaurs
Kutaura padanho resainzi remadhinaini emumvura anoonekwa seasina kururama, izvi imhaka yekuti madhinainari echokwadi aigara panyika chete. Asi kwete izvi chete, asi iwe unogona kuona chimiro pahudyu icho mhuka dzomugungwa idzi dzakanga dzisina.
Mukuwedzera kune izvo, zvinogona kusimbiswa kuti madhinosaurs aive chikamu cheArchosaurs aive panyika yepasi munguva yeMesozoic, saka izvi hazvibvumirane kana kukwanisa kuvadaidza kuti dinosaurs dzegungwa.
Kana ukatarisa upenyu hwemugungwa mumakore apo ma<em>dinosaur aivapo, akapindwa nezvinokambaira zvomugungwa zvakanga zvakakura, zvokuti panguva ino zvaigona kumedza shaki huru chena mukuruma kumwe chete. Idzi dzaitorwa sezvikara zvakange zviri pamusoro pechikafu.
Mavambo emvura kana marine dinosaurs
Zvinoenderana nesainzi uye nhoroondo data, zvakasimbiswa kuti izvi zvinokambaira zvemugungwa zvakatanga hupenyu hwavo munguva yeTriassic, zvinoreva kuti yaive makore anopfuura mazana maviri emamiriyoni apfuura; Iyo data yakakura kwazvo inozivikanwa ndeyePlesiosaur ine mitsipa refu, zvisinei, gare gare zvakazozivikanwa kuti izvi handizvo, asi kuti iyi yaive mufananidzi weLoch Ness monster.
Izvi zvinosanganisira ichthyosaurs, iyo inonziwo hove dzvinyu. Panguva iyo kuparara kukuru kwePermian kwakaitika, zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwegungwa zvakarasika sezvazvaizivikanwa kusvikira panguva iyoyo, kuitira kuti gare gare hupenyu hutsva husingazivikanwi panguva iyoyo hwakasvika, pakati pahwo huri hwakatotaurwa, ichthyosaur, avo vaiva vekutanga.
Iyo yekupedzisira yaigona kuyera inokwana inji makumi matatu nembiri uye zvakanyanya kuita makumi manomwe nembiri.
Zvokudya zvemvura dinosaurs?
Inowanzova imwe yemibvunzo mikuru uye curiosities inomuka maererano nemhuka idzi, uye mhinduro ndeyokuti inofungidzirwa, maererano nedheta yakaunganidzwa kusvika ikozvino, kuti vaiva mhuka, saka vaidya dzimwe hove, zvipuka zviduku, squid uye dzimwe mhuka dzaigara pasi pegungwa.
Imwe dhata inovimbisa kuti vakadya mollusks uye zvisikwa zvidiki, masayendisiti mushure mekudzidza kwenguva refu uye ongororo dzakasimbisa kuti kune plesiosaurs vaive "vanodya pasi", zvinorehwa neizvi ndezvekuti vaidya hozhwa uye clams.
Mamwe marudzi e prehistoric marine reptile
Gungwa inyika inovanza nhamba ipi zvayo yezvisikwa izvo kusvika nhasi nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji hazvizivikanwi, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye kuenderera mberi kwekufamba kune zvisikwa izvi.
Kusvika iye zvino, zvinenge zana zvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi echthyosaurs zvakawanikwa, izvo zvakatsanangurwa kuti zvaive chikamu chezvinokambaira, pakati pavo pane Besanosaurus uye Ophthalmosaurus; uchawanawo zvimwe zvakawanda mhando dzemadinosaur
Sezvo izvo zvinonzi marine dinosaurs zvakadzidzwa, maplesiosaurs akasvika, ayo aigara nekudya hove nedzimwe mhuka duku. Dzainzi nyoka dzemugungwa dzakabva kunguva yeMesozoic, dzakanga dzakareba zvikuru. Ngationei inotevera, runyorwa runotevera rwemadhinainari emumvura
ichthyosaur
Iyi mhuka yemugungwa yaigara munguva yeJurassic, iyo yakapfuura makore anopfuura mazana maviri apfuura, data razvino rakaratidza kuti yaigara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemakungwa akatenderedza pasi. Yaiva mhuka yaidya nyama, kureva kuti yaiva yake Anofarira dinosaurs uye yakanga yakareba ingangoita mamita maviri uye yairema pakati pemakirogiramu makumi masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nembiri.
Zita rayo rinoreva hove dzvinyu, zvinosimbiswa kuti neimwe nzira iyi ndiyo tateguru wema dolphin sezvaanozivikanwa nhasi. Mapfupa emeso ake ose neaya enzeve dzake akanga akareba kwazvo, naizvozvo pfungwa dzose dziri mbiri dzakagadzirwa kwazvo; Zvinonziwo yaigona kutuhwina ichimhanya zvikuru, inosvika makiromita makumi mana paawa.
askeptosaurus
Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti yaivepo munguva yeTriassic yakaitika makore anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemashanu apfuura, izvi zvakasiyana neyakare yakanga isiri mumakungwa ose enyika, asi yakanga iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEurope dzakadai seItaly neSwitzerland , kuzviratidza nezvakawanikwa mumafossils; Vaidya kunyanya nyama.
Yakanga yakareba mita imwe namakumi masere nenhatu uye yairema pakati pemakirogiramu makumi maviri nenhatu kusvika pamakumi matatu namaviri. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo huru dzichigara mukondinendi yeEurope, hazvitaurwi kuti vakatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Muitiro wavo waiwanzoitika mumvura uye vaingobuda pavhu rakaoma kuti vacheche mazai avo.
elasmosaurus
Uyu akatorarama kuti apedze nguva yeCretaceous yakaitika zvishoma pane yapfuura, kuverenga zvishoma kudarika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe emakore apfuura.
Kufanana neyokutanga kana kutsanangurwa, inofungidzirwa kuti yaigara mumakungwa ese anofukidza nyika, kudya kwayo kwakavakirwa panyama, inogona kunge yakareba mamita gumi nemana uye uremu hwayo hwaisvika zviuru zviviri zvemakirogiramu, asi yaigona kusvika zviuru zvitatu
Zita rayo rinoreva ribhoni dzvinyu, mhuri yaro inonzi Elasmosauridae; Yakanga ine mapfupa emuzongoza makumi manomwe nerimwe, musoro wayo wakati sandara uye mazino ayo akanga akakora. Zvimbi zvacho zvakanga zvakaita semakwasvi, saka zvaibatsira chaizvo pakufamba nemumvura.
Megalodon
Nguva yaro yakatonyanya kuswedera kupfuura vese vataurwa pamusoro, sezvo ichingogara makore angangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nemasere apfuura, nguva inozivikanwa seOligocene. Izvi zvakagoverwawo mumakungwa ose. Yaiva yehurongwa hunonzi Lamniformes. Ndiye dinosaur huru yegungwa
Hurefu hweizvi hunogona kuverengerwa pakati pemamita gumi nemashanu nemakumi maviri uye huremu hunosvika matani makumi mashanu, kudya kwavo kwaibva panyama. Zvinonzi imhando yeshaki, iyo yakararamawo kwenguva yakareba nekuti yaive nehunyanzvi hwekujairana nemakungwa akasiyana.
Inoonekwa seimwe yezvikara zvinouraya pane zvese zviripo, zita rayo rinoreva zino hombe, ichi chiri mufananidzo wakajeka uye chaiwo unomiririra chitarisiko chayo.
liopleurodon
Nguva iyo dinosaur iyi yemvura yaivapo ndiyo Jurassic, ndiko kuti, makore anopfuura zana nemakumi mana nemana apfuura. Zvisaririra zvaro zvakawanikwa munyika yeFrance yeEurope, ndeyekurongeka kunonzi Pliosauridae.
Yakanga yakareba mamita makumi matatu uye yaigona kurema kusvika matani zana nemakumi mashanu, yaidya nyama chete. Inoonekwa seimwe yemhuka hombe dzinodya nyama munhoroondo yese, yaive mukwikwidzi wedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda uko kwayakakonzera kutya kukuru, mazino ayo aive akapinza zvakanyanya uye muromo wayo wakakura zvakanyanya.
Kugona kwake mumvura kwaishamisa, aitodya hove hombe, achishandisa fungidziro.
Kronosaurus
Chimwe chei mvura dinosaurs, yakararama mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu emakore apfuura, mune inonzi Lower Cretaceous. Zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa munzvimbo dzeSouth America neAustralia. Kurongeka kwairi ndiko kunonzi plesiosauria. Yaiva yakareba mamita angangosvika gumi nerimwe uye pauremu hwayo yaisvika matani gumi nembiri, kudya kwayo kwaibva panyama sedziya dzakapfuura.
Zvisaririra zvaro zvakawanikwa mumakungwa enyika, zita rayo rakapihwa namwari kronos, zvinonziwo ihama yekure yemakarwe nekuda kwekukura kwayo kwenyama, ese akareba kwazvo uye shaya dzadzo dzakafananawo. .
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musoro wayo waiva nesimba guru, neshaya dzayo yakabata mhuka yaizodyiwa, iyo yakapwanya mapfupa ayo; Matombo awanikwa mudumbu make.
Livyatan melvillei
Nguva yaakararama inodaidzwa kuti Miocene, inotangira makore angangoita mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu apfuura; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa muPeru uye zvakaratidza kuti yakanga yakareba mamita gumi nemanomwe nehafu.
Kurongeka kwairi kunonzi Physeteroidea; huremu hwayo hwaisvika matani makumi matatu uye kudya kwayo yaive nyama chete.
Mazino eava ndiwo ayo kusvika parizvino ane mamwe marekodhi, nawo aigona kubvarura chero mhando yenyama sezvo aive akareba masendimita makumi matatu nematanhatu. Musoro wayo wakanga wakati sandara uye mapfupa ayo akanga akaoma uye asingachinjiki.
dunkleosteus
Imwe yemadinosaur emumvura, nguva yekuvapo kwayo iri mune inonzi Upper Devonian, iyo yakatanga kusvika kumazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nesere emakore apfuura, zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa kuNorth America, Africa neEurope. Ivo ndevehurongwa hunonzi Arthorida. Kureba kwayo kwaiva anenge mamita gumi uye yaigona kurema matani matanhatu.
Zvokudya zvake zvakanga zvakavakirwa panyama, akanga ari hove yakashongedzwa nezvombo, muviri wake wakanga wakafukidzwa namabhonzo aimubetsera zvikuru, sezvo aimubatira kuzvidzivirira pakurwisa kwedzimwe mhuka; Dzinotonzi mhuka dzinodya vanhu. Saizi yezvimbi zvayo yakanga isina kukura kudaro, kunze kwemuswe wayo waigona kureba mita imwe chete.
pliosaurus
Nguva yekuvapo kweaya madhinaini emvura aive anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu emakore apfuura, mune iyo inonzi Upper Jurassic. Zvisaririra zverudzi urwu zvakawanikwa zvakatenderedza pasi rose, ndezvekurongeka kunonzi Pilosauridae; kureba kwayo kwakasvika mamita gumi kusvika kugumi nemashanu.
Yaigona kurema matani masere kusvika pagumi nembiri, yaidya nyama chete; dzinorangarirwa kuva dzakarebesa kuwanwa pamwero wesayenzi; Inofungidzirwa kuti yaityisa, saka yaida mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kuti idye.
Eurypterida
Nguva yekuvapo kwayo mazana mana emakore apfuura, ichidaidza nguva ino kuti Lower Devonian; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa muGermany; Inogona kunge yakareba mamita matatu. Yaive yehurongwa hweEuryterida, yaive nehuremu hunosvika zana nemakumi masere makirogiramu uye kudya kwayo kwaidya nyama.
Colloquially inonzi scorpion yegungwa, izvi imhaka yekuti yakanga ine rumborera, rwaishandiswa kurwisa vadzivisi varwo uye kuvhima chikafu. Zvinotendwa kuti nekufamba kwemakore ukuru hwerudzi urwu hwaidzikira.
hesperonis
Kuvapo kwayo kwakaitika makore makumi masere kusvika makumi matanhatu nemashanu apfuura; kureba kwayo kwaigona kusvika masendimita matanhatu; yaigona kudya hove, belemnites, ammonites nezvimwe. Kusvika iye zvino, zvisaririra zvakawanikwa chete muNorth America.
Iyi ndiyo imwe yezvinonzi mazino shiri, zvisinei, yaisakwanisa kubhururuka kana kufamba zvakanaka, yakawanda yehupenyu hwayo yakapedzerwa mugungwa, yaingoenda kuvhu kuti ibatane uye ikandira mazai ayo. Uropi hwake hwaive hudiki kumuviri wake.
Halisaurus
Vakararama kwemakore makumi masere nemashanu uye vakagara makore angangoita mamiriyoni makumi maviri munyika; saizi yaro yaisvika mafiti gumi nematatu kureba; kudya kwavo kwaibva pahove, shiri dzegungwa uye molluscs; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa mumakondinendi akasiyana-siyana, North uye South America, North Africa neEurope.
Dzinotendwa kuti dzine hukama hwepedyo nenyoka; Vakadyawo mhuka yavo yose. Chinhu chinoda kuziva nezverudzi urwu ndechekuti fossil yekutanga yakawanikwa yaive muna 1780, ndiko kuti, makore mazana maviri nemakumi mana apfuura.
archelon
Izvi zvaive zvakafanana nekamba, inotonzi iyo turtle hombe yave iri panyika, kudya kwayo kwakavakirwa pajellyfish uye ammonites. Nguva yekuvapo kwayo yaive mamiriyoni makumi manomwe neshanu emakore apfuura.
Yaigara mugungwa nguva dzose, yaingoenda kunyika huru kunobereka nokukandira mazai ayo; kureba kungangoita mamita gumi nemashanu; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanikwa muNorth America; zvinonzi aigona kutopedza mwedzi akarara.
Xiphactinus
Nguva yayaivepo yaive mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe emakore apfuura, yaigona kureba mamita makumi maviri; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanwa kuNorth America; kudya kwake kwaigara muhove huru, idzo akadzingirira kusvikira adzibata.
Kwaifungidzirwa kuti yakanga ine sipidhi huru mugungwa, uye kuti yakabuda mumvura sezvakaita ma dolphin nhasi. Imwe yezvisaririra yakaratidza kuti chaakanga adya ihove yakareba mamita manomwe, saka inogona kunge yaiva chikonzero cherufu rwake.
Tyloosaurus
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvemadinosaur emvura, zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvaive zvikara zvekutanga munguva yeCretaceous; kureba kwaro kwaiva namakubhiti makumi mashanu; zvisaririra zvayo zvakawanwa mose muri muviri muEurope nomuNorth America.
Yakadya shark, hove huru, turtles, madiki monousers uye zvimwe zvinokambaira, pane kunyange data inotaura kuti vanogona kudya mumwe nemumwe.
