Unoda kuziva zvishoma nezve Zvakaipa zvekunze Investment?, tobva takuunzira ruzivo rwese rwaunoda kuziva.
Zvese zvakakosha ruzivo
Zvakaipa zvekunze Investment
Nepo Foreign Direct Investment yanga ichiitika uye ichiramba ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma pasi rose, Mexico ichange iine chikamu chimwe chete chayaive nacho makore makumi matatu nemashanu apfuura; asi unogona kubvunza kuti, sei izvi zviri kuitika?
Kana iwe ukashanda nekukwezva kweKune dzimwe nyika Direct Investment chave chiri chinangwa cheHurumende yese yeMexico kwemamwe makore, unofanirwa kuziva kutaura kuti hazvina kukwanisa kuwedzera nzvimbo yemusika munyika yese.
Ichokwadi chose kuti huwandu hwegore rega rega hweguta guru hwakawedzera kana tikaenzanisa nenguva iyo yakawanikwa mugore ra1994, Mexico inoramba ichiwana inofungidzirwa zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana pagore zvezvese Zvekune dzimwe nyika Investments.
Zvakaipa zveKune dzimwe nyika Investment: Mexico
Mexico inozivikanwa nekuve imwe yenyika dzine mukana mukuru mukudyara uye muInternational Trade; nguva dzakanakisa dzenyika dzakataurwa dzanga dziri mumakore 1994, 2001, 2007 na2013 apo vakakwanisa kudarika nezvikamu zvina kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwakawanikwa nekutorwa kwemakambani makuru eMexico.
Mhando iyi yemaitiro inozivikanwa sea Kukanganisa kweKune dzimwe nyika Investment, nekuti pese pese pese mabhenefiti kana mabasa akagadzirwa, ruzivo rwunobatwa nekufambiswa kubva panguva iyoyo ndiyo purofiti.
zuva
Kuvhurwa kwekutengeserana kwaitwa uye kusavapo kwegwaro remaindasitiri raita kuti Mexico, ive nyika iyo (kusiya maindasitiri parutivi) zviri nyore kutumira zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kutanga kubva pakutanga uye kuisa. Nzira yakanakisa yekuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeyekuvandudza Chikamu Chikuru icho chinokonzeresa kuderera kwechigadzirwa chenyika (masevhisi nehurumende).
Zvakaipa zveKune dzimwe nyika Investment: mamwe mashoko
Aya mabhenefiti anoita kuti zvive nyore kuita hukama hwehukama nemamwe makambani emuno kuti akwanise kubatsirana, izvi kuitira kuti vakwanise kutora nzira dzekushambadzira dzagara dziripo kana kungowedzera musika wekunze kuti vagutse zvigadzirwa zvavo.
Zvimwe Chokwadi nezve Zvakaipa Zvekune dzimwe nyika Investment
Kune nyika dzese dzinogamuchira, mabhenefiti anopihwa neFDI panguva yekusimudzira hupfumi akakura kwazvo; Hezvino zvimwe zvezvibatsiro izvi:
- Kuzadzikiswa kwemukati.
- Iine simba rakanaka pachiyero chekubhadhara.
- Ipa uye gadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
- Ita kuvandudzwa kwemichina.
- Product inopa kuwedzera.
- Inogadzira makwikwi ari nani nekuwedzera kushanda kwemakambani avo.
- Ipa zvigadzirwa nemitengo yakakodzera kuti uite makwikwi.
- Inoedza kuderedza kuwanda kweinflation.
- Inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekugovera mukati menyika, dzine capital capital.
- Uye pakupedzisira, iyo inonyanya kukosha inobatsira: inogadzira mabasa, iyo inoshanda neinobatika inobatika pachizvarwa chese chehupfumi, pamwe nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehuwandu hwayo.
Negative Effects yeIED
Pasinei nekuva nenhamba yakawanda yemabhenefiti, FDI zvakare ine nhevedzano yemhedzisiro yakaipa; tobva takuzivisa kuti ndezvipi mhedzisiro iyi kuitira kuti iwe uzviverengere nguva dzese.
- Inokwanisa kudzikamisa nzira yenyika yeindasitiri.
- Pane dzimwe nguva, inotora chikamu mukugadzira hupfumi huviri hwakasiyana.
- Masekita ese anozopedzisira ave kusimukira anopedzisira aita izvi kuburikidza nekukosha kana huwandu hwekufarira hune kambani kana mugadziri weFDI.
- Kazhinji, huwandu hwemidziyo inowanikwa inobvisa mabasa; Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yakagadziridzwa sekugadzirisa patsva kwemafemu kana kudzoreredzwa kwezviitiko.
- Nekune rimwe divi, mari yainge yabhadharwa kuzvizvarwa zvemunyika pazvose zvakatengeswa nemakambani aya, yave kufanirwa kuisirwa kunze kwenyika kuti mushure menguva refu, pundutso inenge yawanikwa nemakambani ekunze ichizoendeswa kunyika yavo. ; nemamwe mazwi, purofiti haipere nenyika inogamuchira.
Zvakaipa zveKune dzimwe nyika Investment uye Little National Integration
Mexico yaive nezvinangwa zvakati kuti panguva yekusaina NAFTA muna 1994, zvinangwa izvi ndizvo zvatichataura pazasi:
- Wana mubatanidzwa wekutengeserana neUnited States neCanada.
- Tora zvakanakira kuenzanisa zvinopihwa nenyika yega yega mukugadzirwa kwakagovaniswa.
- Wedzera mwero wekukwikwidza mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana uye masevhisi mukutengeserana kwenyika nekunze.
- Tora huwandu hukuru hwevhoriyamu mukudyara zvakanangana nekunze uye nekudaro uwane mamwe mabasa (uye ari nani zvakanyanya) kuwedzera hupenyu muhuwandu.
Chinangwa Kukundikana
Pasinei nezvose izvi, zvakanga zvisingabviri kuti zvinangwa zvakarongwa zviitwe uye kuti pave nenzira yakanakisisa. Muchinzvimbo chayo, dzidziso yekusununguka yakamiswa, iyo yaiverengwa semusimboti "yakanakisa Industrial Policy ndiyo isipo".
Pamusoro peizvozvo, isu tinogona kutaura chokwadi chekuti mutemo wekutengeserana wekunze wakaramba wakavakirwa pane kusava nehanya kwehupfumi hwayo, kutora iyo inomanikidza Siginecha yeFree Trade Agreements uye kutora unilateral tariff kuderedzwa.
Dambudziko iri rakakonzera kushaya simba kukuru muNational Productive Plant, iyo yakamanikidzwa kushanda nemitengo zvakanaka kupfuura iyo inotungamirirwa nemasimba ayo, sezvo Mexico inoumba hurongwa hwehutano apo kukwikwidza kuduku kunoratidzwa.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, yakakwanisa kuchengetedza makwikwi asina kunaka kune vese vashandi nevazvinabhizinesi muMexico, izvo zvinoratidza kudzokororwa kwese kufambira mberi kwehupfumi kwaonekwa mumakore gumi nematatu apfuura.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zvekunze Investment
Kuti utarise mabhenefiti anounzwa kunyanya nekudyara, kana kweiyo yekunze yakananga mari yekudyara iyo inowanzoenda kunyika ichiri kusimukira, zvinogona kunzi kune gumi Mabhenefiti:
- Iyo inobatsira zvakanaka kukura kwehupfumi hwenyika, pamusoro pekugona kuderedza hurombo uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemari.
- Inoshanda muchimiro chinotarisa pakudyara kwekudyara kwenyika nekutengeserana.
- Iine zviwanikwa zvishoma zvishoma zvisina kugadzikana pane mamwe makuru anoyerera.
- Inogona zvakare kukupa ruoko rwekubatsira kana zvasvika pakukwidza mari yemutero.
- Iyo inokwanisa kukonzeresa akati wandei eTechnology Transfers kana Management Capacity Transfers.
- Panguva imwecheteyo, inokwanisa kuvandudza kudzidziswa uye mihoro yese inopiwa kune vashandi.
- Kuwanikwa kune misika yekunze kunogona kuita nani.
- Iyo inoburitsa imwe kudiwa kwekugadzirwa kweMakambani Makambani.
- Inopa mipiro ine mutengo wakaderera kune vese vanopa veko.
- Inobatsira kuvandudza zviyero zvinotsigira kubhadhara uye capital account yenyika dzinogamuchira.
payakaipira
Zvisinei, mari kana kunyange Foreign Direct Investment portfolio inosvika munyika inewo zvimwe Zvakaipa; Izvi zvinokanganisa zvingave:
- Kana muridzi wekambani inobatwa nemapato ekunze akapedzisira awedzera zvakanyanya, chirongwa che "decapitalization" chinogona kutanga.
- Makwikwi asina kunaka emabhizimisi emuno anogona kugadzirwa.
- Izvo zvinogona zvakare kutungamira kune ese emarudzi akawanda kuwana yakazara musika kutonga.
- Pane yambiro yekuti panogona kuita kuratidzira kwevanhu,
- Kugadzirwa kwemiti mitsva kunogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya munyika.
Kana wakafarira chinyorwa ichi, tinokukoka iwe kuti upinde inotevera apo iwe uchadzidza chaizvo Chii chinonzi kukwikwidzana?, kunyanya munyika dzeMexico.