Muchikamu chinotevera, tichatsanangura kuti ndezvipi madhipatimendi ekambani Uye mumwe nemumwe anoita basa rei?
Madhipatimendi ekambani
Zvakajairika kuti paunotanga bhizinesi rako pachako, unoda kuchengetedza kurongeka, nenzira iyi basa richava rakawanda uye iwe uchave nemhedzisiro iri nani, asi pane izvo, munhu wega wega anofanira kuzadzisa basa rake mukati mekambani, nemamwe mazwi. , kambani yega yega inofanirwa kupatsanura kuita madhipatimendi anozadzisa rimwe basa kuti basa rirambe richiyerera.
Madhipatimendi ese aya anozadzisa basa rekuzadzisa chinangwa mukati mekambani.
Haasi ese makambani anogona kukwanisa kuve nemadhipatimendi ese aanofanirwa kuve nawo kana nhamba yevanhu inodiwa kune rimwe nerimwe, kureva kuti, haugone kuenzanisa iyo chaiyo sangano remadhipatimendi iyo kambani hombe ine kugadzirwa kwepamusoro ingave nayo, kune diki senge. mhuri.
Kukosha kwekugovera madhipatimendi mukambani
Kuchengetedza kuyerera uye kurongeka mukati mekambani kwakakosha zvakanyanya kuti ishande nemazvo. Dzimwe nguva saizi yekambani inogona kukanganisa kuti madhipatimendi mangani auchazoda, asi nenzira imwechete, zvisinei nehuwandu, huwandu hwese madhipatimendi aya hunobatsira iwe kuzadzisa chinangwa chako semuzvinabhizimusi.
Kupatsanura madhipatimendi aya nekushanda kunoita kuti munhu mumwe chete asanyanya kuremerwa uye anogona kuita basa raakapihwa chete.
Ndeapi madhipatimendi ekambani?
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekambani yako kana bhizinesi, pamwe nehukuru hwayo, unofanirwa kunge uine rimwe remadhipatimendi aya:
Management
Kunyangwe izvi zvisingatariswe sedhipatimendi rekambani, inozadzisa akatevedzana mabasa mukati mayo. Basa rayo nderekutarisa madhipatimendi akasiyana ane kambani yako uye kuita sarudzo dzekupedzisira, kunyangwe zvakadaro, inofanirwa kutsanangura chikonzero nei ndaita sarudzo, pamberi pevakuru vari pamusoro pavo, kureva varidzi vebhizinesi. .
Dhipatimendi Rekutonga
Iyo ine basa rekunyora uye kuongorora basa mukati mekambani, kuita mishumo yekutanga iyo yakapfuura nekudzidza, isati yatumira kune manejimendi kana vakuru.
Mukati mehutungamiri, mune mamwe madhipatimendi maviri, ayo anowanzo shanda ari ega. Izvi ndezvi:
Human resources
Iri iboka revanhu vari kutungamira kutsvaga uye kutonga vashandi mukati mekambani. Bazi iri ndiro rakapihwa basa rekuona kuti munhu wese anenge apinzwa basa akwanisa kuita zvinotarisirwa pabasa rake, nemamwe manzwi, kuti akakodzera basa racho.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, vane mamwe mabasa akawanda akadai se: kudzidziswa kwevashandi vatsva, mihoro maererano nechinzvimbo chebasa, basa rezororo, kutevedzera mitemo, kukwidziridzwa, kukwidziridzwa, pakati pevamwe.
Human Resources inofanirwa kuchengetedza manejimendi akanaka evashandi uye kuona kuti nzvimbo yebasa yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka, kuti munhu wese anzwe kugutsikana nebasa rake.
zviri pamutemo
Inowanikwa mukati menzvimbo yekutonga, inotarisira kuongorora zvibvumirano uye kuona kuti hapana yemitemo iripo iri kutyorwa.
Dhipatimendi reMari
Ndiro dhipatimendi iro rinotungamira chero nyaya dzehupfumi mukati mekambani, zvakaita sekudyara kana kutenderera kwemari. Inopa zviratidzo, zvinokubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo dzekutonga.
Iyo inewo basa rekuongorora mamiriro emari ebhizinesi, pamwe nenjodzi, kushanda nesimba uye mutengo chimiro.
Makambani makuru anoona nzvimbo yezvemari, accounting uye treasury seimwe, kunyangwe muchokwadi, iwo matatu anozadzisa mabasa akasiyana:
chizvidavirire
Inoita basa rekunyora mafambiro emari. Nzvimbo iyi inorekodha chero kutenga mukati mekambani, nemari yaiti yakatengwa, kuti yakaitwa sei uye kwakaenda mari iyoyo. Pamusoro pezvo, vanorekodha mafambiro pakati peakaundi, ndiko kuti, kana mari ichibva kune rimwe bhangi ichienda kune rimwe.
Zvinokurudzirwa kudzikisa mari yekushandisa yevashandi veakaunzi, vachishandisa software kuchengetedza kurongeka, izvi zvinodzivirira mukana wekukanganisa, kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kudhura.
Treasury
Iyo ine basa rekuunganidza nekubhadhara zvese zvine chekuita nekambani, ingave mubhadharo, vatengi, mutero kana vatengesi. Muhomwe, panofanirwa kuve nekutanga kudzidza kuti uone nguva yakanakisa yekuunganidza mari yakakweretwa uye kubhadhara masevhisi anopihwa kukambani.
Kana tichitaura nezvehomwe, hatisi kutaura nezvekuti mari yekambani inoiswa zvakananga muzvigadzirwa.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekuita sei Masvomhu emari, tinokukoka kuti uverenge nyaya yedu, iyo ichakubatsira.
Dhipatimendi rekutengesa kana rekutengesa
Idhipatimendi rinoona nezvekushambadza kwekambani. Dzidza musika une chekuita nekambani, uye tsvaga yakanakisa nzira yekuzvisimudzira mukati mayo, kukwezva ikozvino kana vangangove vatengi.
Pakati pemabasa anoitwa nedhipatimendi rekushambadzira, tinogona kutaura zvimwe zvezvinotevera:
- Ronga zviitiko mukati mekambani.
- Inotarisira kushambadza kunopiwa kune chigadzirwa, chingave mufananidzo kana nzira yekukurukurirana ichashandiswa.
- Inobatsira kuita uye kusimudzira zvidzikiso zvinogadzirwa, zvingave zvechigadzirwa chimwe kana akati wandei.
- Ronga kukwidziridzwa mukati nekunze kwebhizinesi.
- Kugadzirwa kwenhau dzinozoshandiswa kuita mushandirapamwe, angave echinyakare (terevhizheni, redhiyo, mapepanhau) kana dijitari (social network, mapeji ewebhu, mablog), pamwe chete nekugadzirisa uye kutonga kwavo.
- Advertising media dhizaini.
Chinangwa chedhipatimendi iri chakafanana neicho chekushambadzira, kudzidza zvinodiwa neveruzhinji uye kugadzira chigadzirwa chinoenderana navo, nechinangwa chekuwedzera kutengesa uye kukwezva vatengi venguva yemberi.
dhipatimendi rezvokutengeserana
Pamusoro pekugovera nekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, inoshanda pamwe chete nedhipatimendi rekushambadzira kusimudzira nekupa basa revatengi, pamwe nerutsigiro uye rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi. Dhipatimendi rekutengeserana rinotarisirawo kuita mabasa aro, pamwe nemamwe madhipatimendi kuitira kubatsira kambani, pakati peatinawo:
- Inoshanda nemabhajeti pamwe chete nedhipatimendi rezvemari.
- Inomisikidza mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira yakabatana nedhipatimendi rekushambadzira, pamusoro pekutonga kukwidziridzwa uye zvinopihwa.
- Isa huwandu hwemutengo pane chigadzirwa. Izvi zvinoitwa pamwe chete nemamwe madhipatimendi maviri: Kushambadzira uye Zvemari.
Iri dhipatimendi rinofanirwa kuyedza nepazvinogona kuita kutenderera, kurerutsa, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwevashandi vebasa.
dhipatimendi rekutenga
Iyi nharaunda ine basa rekuona kuti ndepapi yakanakisa kuwana iyo mbishi, pamutengo wakanakisa uye mhando, zvichienderana nebasa kana chinangwa chekambani. Kana iri hofisi, dhipatimendi iri ndiro rinenge richiona nezvekutenga zvekushandisa nemidziyo.
Kana iri bhizinesi rekudya, izvi zvaizopa basa rekutora zvinongedzo nemidziyo.
Semuyenzaniso: Dai wanga uine resitorendi yechikafu yekuItaly, dhipatimendi rinotenga ndiro rinenge riri basa rekusarudza kuti ndeipi nzvimbo yakanakisa yekuwana zvinongedzo, ingave muriwo wesoso kana hupfu hwekugadzira pasta, kuita hukama pakati. huwandu uye mutengo.
Logistics department
Ndiro dhipatimendi rinotarisira kushambadzira uye kugovera zvigadzirwa zvekambani, pamwe nekuita mabasa ekudzoka nekutora. Inozadzisawo basa rekutsvaga mutengesi kana mutengesi, anovapa iyo yakabikwa, izvi zvinoponesa basa rekuenda wega kunovatsvaga, sezvo vachikuunza iwe. Muchokwadi, kana uine nzvimbo dzakati wandei, mutengesi anofanira kuenda kune imwe neimwe kuti aendese.
Nemuenzaniso wambotaurwa, kana dhipatimendi rekutenga riri kutungamira kuwana zvinongedzo, bazi rezvekufambiswa kwezvinhu rine basa rekuzvitora nekusarudza kwazvichagoverwa pakati pezvitoro zvakasiyana kana maresitorendi.
Dhipatimendi rekugadzira
Ndiro rinotarisira kuita maitiro ekugadzira chigadzirwa chekambani, kubva kune zviwanikwa kana zvekushandisa kusvika kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Ivo vanosarudza nzira ine mari yakawanda yekuita chimwe chinhu, uye vashandi vanodiwa pazviri.
Iyi mhando yedhipatimendi ichaita basa rakabatana nedhipatimendi rekutakura zvinhu uye dhipatimendi rekutenga.
Nzira yekuronga sei madhipatimendi ekambani?
Pakati pemadhipatimendi ese aripo mukati mekambani, pane nzira yekuaronga, iyi inonzi: Departmentalization.
Dhipatimendi rinosanganisira kurongeka kwemabasa anoitwa mukambani, ayo akaunganidzwa zvinoenderana nebasa rawo, ndiko kuti, kuumbwa kwemadhipatimendi anoita basa rekubatsira kambani, bhizinesi kana brand.
Mukurongeka kwemadhipatimendi ekambani, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa, sehukuru hwayo, nekuti bhizinesi diki harina kufanana nekambani huru yekugadzira kana chitoro chiri munzvimbo dzinoverengeka.
Zviviri izvi zvine zvinodiwa uye mabasa akasiyana, zvichienderana nekuti, dhipatimendi rimwechete rinogona kutarisira zvinhu zvakati wandei kana, nemamwe mazwi, dhipatimendi rinogona kuva nezvikamu zviduku.
Chimwe chinhu chinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuvepo kwekambani yako padanho renzvimbo, izvi zvinoreva, kana iwe uri munzvimbo imwechete (guta) kana munyika dzakasiyana, inogona kutova imwe kondinendi.
Kunyangwe zvese izvi zvinotarisa pachinangwa chimwe: Chii chaunoda kuzadzisa nekambani yako? Iyi ndiyo pfungwa pakugadzira madhipatimendi ekambani, kuti vanozadzisa basa, kusvika kune chinangwa chekambani.
Kune akawanda marudzi edhipatimendi zvichienderana nerudzi rwekambani yauri kugadzira, pakati peizvi tinogona kutaura:
Traditional departmentalization
Rudzi urwu rwakavakirwa pacheni yaMichael Porter, iyo inosimbisa basa redhipatimendi rega rega rekambani uye kuti vane hukama sei, nechinangwa chekuzadzisa chinangwa chainogadza kubva pakutanga.
Iyi departmentalization ine madhipatimendi mana: Administration/Human Resources, Production, Accounting/Finance, uye Marketing/Sales. Pamusoro peizvi, tinogona kuwana general management.
Kuipa kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete izvo, kunyange zvazvo zvakafanana, hazvina kufanana, zvakadai sekutengesa nekutengesa.
Geographic departmentalization
Madhipatimendi anogadzirwa zvichienderana nedunhu kana nyika kwairi, kana madhipatimendi enzvimbo akagadzirwa, kureva, imwe yemahombekombe, imwe yemakomo, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinopesvedzera zvikuru chimiro chokugovera uye zvinhu zvokurangarira, zvakadai somugariro wokunze.
demographic departmentalization
Rudzi urwu runofunga nezve izvo zvinodiwa neruzhinji zvauri kuda kugadzirisa, zvinotarisa pa: zera, murume kana mukadzi, nyika, nezvimwe. Inogona kutoendeswa mberi, sekunge veruzhinji zvichienderana nesocial network.
Departmentalization nechigadzirwa
Zvinonyanya kubatsira kana uine kambani inogadzira akawanda zvigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso: kana uine kambani yehunyanzvi, unogona kuve nedhipatimendi remafoni, mamwe emakomputa, nezvimwe.
departmentalization by process
Inosanganisira kupatsanura maitiro echigadzirwa, mumadhipatimendi akasiyana ane mutoro. Semuyenzaniso: timu imwe chete inotarisira kuwana zvinhu zvakabikwa, imwe yekugadzirwa uye imwe yekugovera, pfungwa iri pakuti ndiyo chete inotarisira basa iroro.
Zvakaipa zvekusava nemadhipatimendi ekambani
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika mumakambani ndechekutenda kuti vashandi vese vane dzidzo yakafanana vanogona kuita basa rakafanana, izvo zvisina musoro.
Somuenzaniso: Ngatitii makaita chidzidzo chekicheni. Kukanganisa kwakajairika kuti varidzi veresitorendi vafunge kuti unoziva zvese zvine chekuita nechikafu, nekuti wakadzidza kubika, asi chokwadi chisiri chokwadi.
Semubiki, kune akawanda hunyanzvi, angave: chef cook, keke chef, keke chef, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda. Kureva kuti, dai pasina dhipatimendi revanhu rakakupa chinzvimbo zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwako, unogona kunge uri mubiki wemakeke anoshanda munzvimbo yenyama, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukanganisa uye kuunza kurasikirwa.
Iwo mastudio anogona kunge akafanana, asi haana kufanana, panofanirwa kuve nesangano nezvikamu kudzivirira mhirizhonga.
Zvipo zvakawanda zvingangoitwa zvinoraswa kana zvisingashandiswi munzvimbo inodiwa, ndosaka madhipatimendi ekambani achikosha kwazvo, sezvo achibvumira kukamura nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye kugovera munhu anonyatsokwanisa kuita basa rimwe chete. .
Madhipatimendi ekambani akagadzirwa kuti munhu mumwe nemumwe aite basa raanodzidza uye kusimudzira mukati menzvimbo iyoyo kuitira kuti kambani ibatsire.
Tinokukoka kuti utarise vhidhiyo inotevera kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo: