Apuro, pichisi uye muti wemuarumondi zvakafanana kuti iwo miti yemhuri yeRosaceae, uye michero yavo inofarirwa zvakanyanya. Muarumondi muti unodonha unobereka maarumondi, muchero wakaomeswa unonaka kwazvo. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo, inowira muchikamu chemuti wemichero, kuvandudza kukura kwayo uye goho, inotemwa panguva dzakasiyana. Pano ndipo pauchaziva, kana miti yomuamanda inochekererwa uye kuti zvinoitwa sei.
Miti yomuamanda inochekererwa riini?
Iyo phytosanitary manejimendi yemiti inorimwa, ingave yekugadzirwa kwayo, michero, zvishongo kana mishonga, inokurudzirwa kune zvikomborero izvo tsika iyi ichaunza, kana kugadzirisa kukura kwavo, kurapa chero chirwere uye kunyange kukurudzira kuvandudza goho ravo. Sezvinoita nekuchekererwa kwemuti wemuarumondi (prunus dulcis), muti wemhuri yeRosaceae, ane michero, maarmond, anonaka kwazvo uye anozivikanwa pakati pevatengi vemichero yakaomeswa pasi rose.
Almond Management
Kana miti yemichero inokura semaranjisi, miti yemaapuro, koko, tangerines nemiti yemuarumondi, tsika dzetsika dzinofanirwa kuitwa kuchengetedza minda yavo ine hutano nekuvandudza goho ravo. Mamwe maitiro ezvekurima anoshandiswa pamiti yemuarumondi, senge phytosanitary pruning, inofanirwa kuitwa mukati mekurima kwavo, sezvo zvichikosha kuwedzera kunaka kwemichero yavo. Mamwe maitiro etsika anoitwa ndeaya:
Variety Selection
Kusarudzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvemuti wemuarumondi uchadyarwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yenyika ichashandiswa, kunyanya kuti inobata sei mamiriro ekunze munguva yechando.
Amai chirimwa kana mudzi
Kuparadzira miti yemuarumondi, tsika yetsika yekubatanidza inoitwa, nekuda kweizvi, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa pakusarudza amai chirimwa kana midzi. Kazhinji inonamirwa pamhando mbiri dzezvirimwa zvaamai kana midzi, idzi dziri mhando yemahara uye yakasanganiswa. Zvichienderana nenguva yegore, varimi vanoshandisa dovi semudzi wemudzi mumwaka wakaoma kana kuti wakaoma. Pane kudaro vanoshandisa midzi yakasanganiswa muzvirimwa zvinenge zvichidiridzwa kana kudiridzwa.
Place Guardians
Kana uchidyara muarumondi mugomba uye uchiwedzera ivhu kuti risimbe, zvinokurudzirwa kutsika kana kubatanidza ivhu rakatenderedza muarumondi nemvura. Kana izvi zvangoitwa, danda rinoiswa kuitira kuti hunde yemuti wemuarumondi yatwasuka.
pest management
Zvipembenene zvinonyanya kukanganisa zvirimwa zvemuarumondi iaphid, gonye remuarumondi, dandemutande reyero, midge yegirini, kunyanya. Kuti twupukanana utwu twusakanganise goho remuarumondi, zvinokurudzirwa kuita ongororo yechirimwa nguva nenguva kuti zvionekwe kuvepo kwezvimwe zvacho uye kuti zvikwanise kuzvidzora nenguva.
Irrigation frequency
Kushandiswa uye kuwanda kwekudiridza muchirimwa chearumondi zvinoenderana nezera rechirimwa chemuti uyu wemichero. Kudiridza kunofanirwa kuve kwakakwira apo miti inokura uye nhamba huru yemidzi inokura nekuumba. Kana chirimwa chatova munhu mukuru, kuwanda kwekudiridza kuchaderera, kunyange iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti muti uyu wemichero unoda mvura yakawanda.
Fertilization
Munguva yekukura kwemuti uyu mumakore ekutanga, nitrogenous fetiraiza inofanirwa kuiswa pakuumbwa kwemashizha nemidzi yemuti. Zvikumbiro zvinoverengeka zvinoitwa gore rega rega. Kana kukohwa kwekutanga kwawanikwa, huwandu hwemakirogiramu kana matani emuchero wakakohwewa hunofanirwa kutariswa, neruzivo urwu runoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekuona huwandu hwekudya kunotorwa panguva yekukohwa.
Almond Pruning
Kuchekerera kunobata zvakasimba hutungamiri hwechirimwa ichi, nekuona kwetsika iyi mumatanho akasiyana echirimwa ichi, goho racho rinodzorwa nekudaro makirogiramu emichero yemuarumondi panguva yekukohwa.
Zvishandiso nemichina inoshandiswa kuchekerera
Kuita kuchekerera kwemuti uyu wemichero, kune zvishandiso zvakasiyana uye michina, inozoshandiswa zvichienderana nekukura kwemuti wemichero uye rudzi rwekuchekerera kunofanira kuitwa. Chekutanga, rangarira kuisa disinfectant pamberi uye mushure mekuchekerera. Izvi zvinodzivirira kutapurirana kwezvirwere kubva kune chimwe chirimwa kuenda kune chimwe uye, zvakare, kuchengetedza zvirinani maturusi. Maturusi aya nemichina chii?
Kuchekerera shears, handsaw, danda rekuchekerera kureba, chainsaw, unofanirwa kungwarira nekushandisa kwavo uye uzvidzivirire nemagirovhosi uye magirazi ekudzivirira. Masitepisi kana scaffolding. tambo Zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza zvakakosha zvakaita sengowani nemagirovhosi.
Kuchekerera kunobatsira
Kuchekerera ibasa rekurima, rinosanganisira kudimburira matavi emuti wemuarumondi. Kana chiitiko ichi chikaitwa nemazvo uye nemazvo, kuchekerera kunobatsira kuwedzera goho uye kuumbwa kwemichero yearumondi.
- Inobatsira muti wemuarumondi kuti uve nemwenje uri nani, aeration uye kunyura kwezvigadzirwa zve phytosanitary mukurapa.
- Inobatsira kuva nekugoverwa kwakarurama kwemichero, munzvimbo dzakakodzera zvikuru dzechirimwa.
- Wedzera zviyero uye ruvara rwemichero.
- Rongedza kugadzirwa kwemuti wemuarumondi uye dzivirira makore akawanda kana kusakwana mukutumbuka uye kubereka michero.
- Kuenzanisa hukama pakati pemitezo yezvinomera nekugadzirwa.
- Bvisa matavi anorwara, akaoma kana asingabereki, neizvi kukwegura kwemuti kunononoka uye kupararira kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvinodzorwa.
Miti yomuamanda inochekererwa riini?
Kuchekerera kweAlmendrón kunoitwa pamatanho akasiyana ekukura kwayo, ichiri muchikamu chevadiki: panguva yekudyara, mugore rekutanga muzhizha nechando, mugore rechipiri rekudyara mumwaka wechando uyezve panguva yekudyara. gore rechitatu kusvikira chirimwa chasvika pakukura.
Muti womuarumondi rudzi rwakaoma, runorasa mashizha pakati pemwaka yamatsutso kusvikira mwaka wechirimo unotevera. Kana mashizha akaraswa, inguva iyo kuchekerera kunoitwa, sezvo iri nguva iyo muti une simba rekuchengetedza. Chinofanira kutariswa ndeye ambient tembiricha.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana chirimwa chiri munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera uye chando chakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kuita kuchekerera pakutanga kwechirimo. Kana iwe uchigara munzvimbo ine tembiricha yepamusoro uye pasina chando, unogona kuchekerera chero nguva panguva yekukura kwemaarmond. Kumwe kuchekerera kuchaitwawo pamuti womuamanda, sokuchekerera matavi akaoma, kuchekerera matavi akasvibira anoitwa muzhizha.
kuchekerera sei
Panguva yekurima muarumondi, marudzi akasiyana ekuchekerera anoitwa zvichienderana nenguva yaanoitwa. Kuchekerera kwakajairika mukudyara kwemiti yemichero nemiti yemarumondi, hazvipunyuke izvi. Mhando dzekucheka ndeidzi: formation pruning, fruiting pruning uye restoration pruning. Kuchekerera kwakasiyana kunoitwa munguva yechando uye munguva yemiti yemiti yemiti. Mhando yekuchekerera kunoitwa zvinoenderana nezera uye hutano uye chibereko chemuti wemuarumondi.
Kugadzira kuchekerera
Kudzidzira kuchekerera kunoitwa kana muti wacho uine zvishoma physiological chiitiko, munguva yechando, mumwedzi waNovember kusvika February. Kuchekerera uku kunoitwa kwemakore mana. Munguva iyi yenguva, gore rimwe nerimwe kudzidzira kuchekerera kunoitwa pamuti wemuarumondi, uyo uchave wakasiyana zvichienderana nekushanduka kwemuti.
Mhando iyi yekuchekerera inoitwa kuti ipe chimiro chakaenzana kumatavi emuti wemuarumondi. Nguva yekutanga kuchekerera kunoitwa apo muti unosvika anenge mita paurefu uye, kubva panguva ino yekutanga yaitwa, kuchekerera kwekudzidzira kunoitwa gore rega rega kwemakore mana anotevera. Chinangwa chekuchekerera uku ndechekuona kuti muti une chivakwa chakaenzana kana saizi, nekuchekerera uku chinangwa ndechekuisa matavi anobereka mukorona uye akananga kunze, pasina ivo vachikwikwidzana kune chiedza nemvura.
Paunenge uchiita kuchekerera gore rekutanga, matavi makuru anotemwa, kureva, epamusoro matatu kana mana matavi, pamatavi maviri ega ega uye mamwe matavi ari chinhambwe chebud rimwe. Kuchekerera kwekudzidzira kunoitwa mugore rechipiri kunosiya matavi makuru pa3/4 yehukuru hwawo uye mamwe matavi pa2 bud kure.
Mukugadzirwa kwekucheka kwegore rechipiri, matavi emukati anobviswa uyewo matavi ari pasi pehunde. Munguva yekudzidzira kuchekerera kwegore rechitatu nerechina, suckers nematavi mukati memuti wemuarumondi anobviswa, pazera rino mamwe ose emuti anofanira kunge atove akaumbwa zvakanaka.
Gore rokutanga
Ungave wakarima muamanda kubvira uchiri muduku kana kuti wakautenga kukireshi, muti wacho unofanira kupfuurira kuchekerera bazi rinopfuura mita imwe chete kana kupfuura. Iwo matavi anosarudzwa anenge matatu kana mana kuti ave matavi makuru, anozochekererwa kuita 3 buds pamusoro pebud rezasi. Mapazi anotevera ari pasi pematavi makuru aya anochekwa kuita bud. Mapazi aya anonzi tirasavias uye anobatsira hunde kukora.
Pashure pemwaka wechando, apo muarumondi uri munguva yawo yokumera, nhungirwa ina dzakasimba dzinosarudzwa uye chisungiso chinoiswa mashizha matatu kana mana kubva pabukira rakabuda mubukira rechipiri. Matavi aya achachekererwa mukuchekeresa kwemwaka wechando unotevera.
Prune green muzhizha
Muzhizha rekutanga kudyara muarumondi, kuchekerera kwakasvibira kwemuti uyu kunoitwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti haasi ese matavi anomera mumwaka wechirimo anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa, isu tinoenderera mberi nekubvisa masiketi nematavi akarasika. Kuchekerera uku kunosanganisira kucheka kudiki muchikamu kana apical chikamu chenhungirwa kumisa kukura kwawo. Iyi nzira inobatsira kukura kwematavi makuru, nenzira iyi chimiro chayo chinosimbiswa.
Gore rechipiri
Mugore rechipiri, matavi akasarudzwa seanonyanya kukura uye matavi ekutanga anotanga kubuda. Matavi makuru anotemwa kusvika pakureba kwe2/3 kureba. Mamwe matavi anosara pasi pemutsara wekuchekerera, anenge masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu, anochekwa kuita bud. Matavi ezasi anosiiwa kuti aite matavi echipiri. Mugore rechipiri iri, matavi etirasavias akanga asara anochekwa kubva pachigadziko.
Gore rechitatu
Gore rino rechitatu, matavi makuru anochekwa kusvika ku 2/3 yehurefu hwavo, uye matavi anoramba ari pasi pe 25 centimita kubva pamutsetse wekuchekerera anotemwa kusvika kune bud. Iwo matavi anoenda mukati memuti anobviswa, kusiya chete anoenda kunze. Matavi ezasi akasara, sezvo achaumba matavi echipiri echipiri chechipiri.
Gore rechina
Gore rino rechina kuchekerera kunosanganisira kubviswa kwemasveta, ayo anopinda mukati. Mukuona kuti matavi makuru anotokura zvishoma.
Kuchekerera michero
Kuti uwane kubereka kukuru kwemuti, fruiting pruning inoitwa, nekuchekerera uku chinangwa ndechekuenzanisa matavi uye nhungirwa itsva kuvandudza uye kuwedzera fruiting yemuti wemuarumondi. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekumisa mapazi echipiri seanobereka. Kuchekerera michero kunoitwa mukati memakore mana kusvika mashanu echirimwa, kunosanganisira kubviswa kweanoyamwa.
Kuenzanisa kwematavi anobereka kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekubviswa kwemashizha, kubvisa matavi akaoma, kutema matavi akareba, kubvisa matavi asina kubereka uye anorwara. Sezvo kudyarwa kwearimondi kuchikura, miti yakasimwa inenge isisabereki zvibereko.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemiti, zvichipiwa kuti kana yangosvika pakugadzirwa kwayo kukuru, kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwemichero kunotanga. Kuwana kurebesa kugadzirwa kwemuti wemuarumondi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita kuchekerera kwakapfava kwega kwega makore matatu, izvi zvinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwenhungirwa uye kuchengetedza matavi echipiri achibereka.
Kudzorera kutema
Kuchekerera uku kunoitwa pamiti yemuarumondi, kana vangove vanhu vakuru vane bhonzo vane makore akati wandei ekugadzirwa, kubereka kwavo uye saizi yemichero inotanga kuderera. Zvakare, kuchekerera uku kunoitwa kana iwe uchida kuporesa muti kubva pakurwisa denda kana chirwere chechirimwa. Kusimbisa miti iyi, kuchekerera kwakanyanya kunoitwa kuitira kudzorera simba rayo. Kuchekerera uku kunonzi kudzoreredza kana kudzoreredza.
Kunyangwe kudzoreredza kana kuchekerera patsva kunoitwa kuti kuwedzere simba rechirimwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa uku kuchekerera, kana pasina imwe mhinduro. Izvi nekuda kwezera uye phytosanitary mamiriro emuti, dzimwe nguva muarumondi haupindure mushe mukuchekeresa uku. Vamwe vanogadzira uye nyanzvi dzekurima havakurudzire kudzidzira rudzi urwu rwekucheka pamatavi ane dhayamita rakakura kupfuura masendimita gumi, saka vanosarudza kutsiva muti wemichero.
Kana kudzoreredza kana kuchekerera patsva kunoitwa, matavi makuru anotemwa anenge masendimita makumi mashanu kubva paanobva, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana davi rechipiri rinosara. Chinangwa chekushandisa kuchekerera uku ndechekudzosa muti kunguva uye mamiriro ezvemuviri akafanana sezvazvinogona neapo yekutanga kudzidzira kuchekerera kwakaitwa. Saka kana muti wacho ukagara pakuchekererwa uku, unomutsidzira zvakanaka uye wova nesimba.
Rangarira kuti panguva yekupedza kuchekerera matavi akakora, shandisa kudzivirira mvura uye fungicide muronda kudzivirira fungi kupinda mumuti. Saizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza kupora kwemaronda anokonzerwa nekuchekerera. Kana iwe ukaona chero zviratidzo zvechirwere chinogona kuitika mumuti wako wemichero, sekukuvara kunokonzerwa nefungi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa fungicide yepamba.
Kuti udzivise kuvepo kwefungi nekuda kwekuchekerera, sezvo maronda ari iwo asina kusimba mapoinzi, unogona kushandisa fungicide yepamba nekudzivirira uye zvakare kuchenesa mashears ekucheka, blade yetsvimbo yekuchekerera, saw yemaoko. uye kurima gadheni, kuichengeta isina utachiona uye yakapinza nguva dzese kuita kucheka kwakachena uye kune hutano.
Kuchekerera kwacho kwemhando ye guara
Kana iwe uine chekunetsekana pamusoro pekuti kuchekererwa kwemhando ye guara kunoitwa sei, iri mhando inozivikanwa kwazvo yemuti wemuarumondi. Kuchekerera kwakafanana kwatotsanangurwa kuchaitwa, neimwe nzira.
Almond Characteristics
Muti wealmond une zita resainzi rekuti prunus dulcisMuti wehurefu huri pakati nepakati pakati pemamita mashanu kusvika gumi. Kana muti wacho uchiri muduku, korona yawo yakazaruka uye yakadzikama, ine matavi ayo makuru akatwasuka, maduku muhukuru uye achikwira ne oblique shape. Kana muti wacho wasvika pakukura, korona yayo inoputika, inova yakakura, inoderera uye ine chitarisiko chegwenzi.
Hunde yayo yakamonyoroka, yakarerekera; ruvara rwemakwati yakasviba grey kana brownish dema, ine rough, fissured, irregular texture kana muti wacho wakura. Nhungirwa dzayo dzakati twasu uye dzakatsetseka. Yakasvibira muruvara uye wobva washanduka nekufukidzwa netuma spines.
Mashizha ayo anosiyana muhukuru pakati pe 4 kusvika ku 12 centimita kureba uye pakati pe 1,5 kusvika 4 centimita yakafara, ine oval kana lanceolate chimiro, ine jagged mupendero uye yakapetwa muV muhafu yepasi. Iwo akatsetseka uye haana pubescence, rima rakasvibira kana yero. Maruva ayo ari hermaphrodite, makuru, anozvarwa pakati pemwedzi waJanuary kusvika May, asati abuda mashizha matsva. Iwo machena kana zvakare akanyanya pink. Chibereko chacho maarumondi, akareba uye akaoma ovha.
Kurimwa kwemaamondi
Uyu muti unorimwa munyika dzeMediterranean, iyo inopindirana nemamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza. Kupisa kwakakura sei muzhizha uye kutonhora kwakadzika muchando kunotokunda mazuva mazhinji ekusanaya kwemvura. Muti unokura muvhu rakashata uye rakaoma. Kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akakodzera kurima kwayo, goho rayo rinobereka rinowedzera.
Maamanda
Chibereko chayo idrupe, inozivikanwa nezita reAlmond, inenge 4 centimita kureba; ovoid chimiro, chiedza chegirini, velvety manyorerwo ane pubescence, dehiscent. Kana iyo mesocarp (inova chidimbu chine nyama) inokura, inovhura kuburikidza ne ventral suture, uye goko rinogona kuoneka. Nyangwe riri drupe harikobvu semimwe michero yerudzi urwu.
Propiedades
Maamanda anogona kutapira kana kuvava, iwo anodyiwa maarumondi anotapira asina chepfu semaamanda anovava. Ichi chibereko chine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, inoumbwa ne50% yemafuta ayo, 80% ndiyo oleic acid; pakati pe15 kusvika 20% iOmega 6 (polyunsaturated mafuta). Iine hushoma hweOmega 3 uye nemafuta mashoma akazara.
Batsirwa
Maarumondi muchero unonaka wakaoma, uyo, unopedzwa kazhinji, unobatsira kuderedza kuitika kwezvirwere zvemoyo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemabhenefiti emafuta acids anochengeta cholesterol uye triglyceride mazinga ari pasi pekutonga uye kudzora BP. Inobatsira zvirongwa zvekudya, sezvo zvisingaite kuti uwedzere mafuta; inodzivirira chepfu kubva mukunwa doro, inodzora rudzi rwechirwere cheshuga II uye nekudaro zvakare kuvimbiswa. Iyo antioxidant inodzivirira zvirwere zvakadai sekenza uye zvirwere zvinopera zvenhengo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge zvakare nezve: