Muchinyorwa chino chinonakidza iwe uchadzidza nezvazvochii chakanakisa afp muChile? maitiro ayo uye iwe uchaziva zvakare inobatsira zvakanyanya. Enda mberi uye sarudza yakanyanya kunaka!
¿Ndeipi AFP yakanakisa muChile?
Usati wapinda zvizere mune ino inonakidza uye yakakosha musoro wenyaya, iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvinoreva acronym AFP. Izvo zvinoenderana neAdministration yePension Funds muChile.
Uyu mubvunzo unova mumwe wezvinetso zvinonakidza kugadzirisa, asi isu tichataura kuti zvinhu zvose zvakabatana nezvido zvega izvo mushandi ane, ndiko kuti, vamwe vachapa kukosha kukuru kune maonero ehupfumi, ayo anoita basa rekugadzirisa.
Nekuda kwavo, vamwe vashandi vanogona kufungisisa kuti mutengo wekudyara ungave wei, kana wakachipa uye uchisvikirwa, uye kune vamwe, kugadzirwa kwezvizhinji uye zvirinani kudzoka kunokunda sechisarudzo chekusarudza. Dzidza nezve purofiti, mune iyi inonakidza link iwe unowana izvo zvaunoda Annualized return
Zvichida inzira inoshanda yekusarudza AFP maererano nekuronga ramangwana uye kutsvaga homwe ine pundutso yakanaka; Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, iwe uri munhu ari kunakidzwa nemuhoro wakanaka, sarudzo ingave yekusarudza AFP ine yakaderera makomisheni uye mari.
Kubatsirwa
Vashandi vazhinji vanofunga kutsvaga AFP vachifunga nezve purofiti chinhu. Mupfungwa iyi, Superintendency yepenjeni inoburitsa runyoro (Chiyero) chemhindu mwedzi wega wega, ichitsvaga idzo dzinosangana nezviyero zvehunyanzvi maererano nemaitiro akatarwa nedare rinokwanisa.
Nekuda kwezviri pamusoro apa, mushandi ane mukana wekugamuchira ruzivo rwakavimbika uye nenguva kuitira kuti akwanise kuona maitiro eMarudzi A, B, C, D uye E Mari dzeAFP yega yega kuitira kuti asarudze iyo yakakodzera kwazvo inogutsa. zvinovanetsa uye/kana kana zvavanoda.
Kuenzanisira zviri pamusoro, isu tichaita shanduko ine chinangwa chekuratidzira maitiro eHomwe A uye E.
Type A Fund inoonekwa seine pundutso zvakanyanya mukufamba kwenguva, asi ikakundikana, ndiyo ine njodzi huru yekurasikirwa. Inofungidzirwa kuti ine kushanduka kwakanyanya, asi kana yapora ndiyo inosimuka zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando.
Muchiitiko chekuti mushandi ane makore akawanda ehupenyu hunobatsira akasara, kubva pakuona kwekushanda, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza rudzi urwu rwehomwe muakaunti inosungirwa.
Kune chikamu chayo, Type E Fund ine hunhu hwekuva nenjodzi shoma maererano neyakapfuura uye inoita sarudzo yakanaka. Sarudzo yako yekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi mune inodaidzwa kuti account 2, nemushandi, inokupa iwe purofiti yakakura kana tikaienzanisa neyenguva dhipoziti mubhangi rekutengesa.
Ndeipi yakachipa muChile?
Sezvatakataura mundima dzakapfuura, kusarudzwa kwehutungamiri hwehomwe yepenjeni kunoramba kuchinyanya kuzviisa pasi, ndiko kuti, zvinoenderana nezvishuwo, zvido kana zviri nyore zvemushandi.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kana tikatora zvikonzero izvi mukufunga, zvakaoma chaizvo kumisikidza mwero chiyero chekunyatsoona kuti ndeupi mutengo wakaderera munyika.
Kubva pamaonero aya, mucherechedzo wekusarudza imwe nzira inoratidza mutengo wakaderera mumakomisheni kana kuchengetedza mari yeakaundi muHomwe uye zvakare iyo inopa mushandi basa rakakura kana pundutso inoonekwa.
Ndeipi yakanakisa AFP muChile muna 2020?
Isu tinoziva kufarira kukuru kune vashandi mukuvandudzwa maererano nevakuru vehomwe yepenjeni maneja, nechikonzero ichi tinopa ongororo yekupindura mubvunzo wauri kuzvibvunza iwe.
Kuona kuti ndeipi inonyanya kukosha ibasa rakaoma, zvisinei, zvinokwanisika kufunga nzira nhatu dzinogona kukubatsira iwe kumisa mamwe mayunifomu maitiro anobvumidza iwe sarudzo yakaenzana.
Tichifunga nezvemapoinzi aya, tinoenderera mberi nekukurukura zvinhu zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo usati wasarudza homwe yepenjeni.
Zvinhu izvi ndezvi: Chekutanga, purofiti iyo mari idzi dzinotipa, chechipiri, makomisheni anobhadhariswa nemari yakataurwa uye chekupedzisira, asi chisiri chidiki, zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
Kutungamirirwa kwemari yepenjeni
Tinokuudza kuti Chile parizvino ine nomwe Pension Fund Administration, dzinoti dzinotevera:
- AFP Capital
- AFP Cuprum
- AFP Habitat
- AFP Model
- Planvital AFP
- AFP Prolife
- AFP IMWE
Sarudzo maitiro eiyo yakanyanya afp
Pazasi pane ongororo yeakanakisa pension fund mamaneja. Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa kubva kuSuperintendence yePension, zvichibva pane kuyerwa paramita: Profitability uye Volatility of Returns (2019).
- Zvirinani AFP - Riskier mbiri:TEse maAFP akave nekudzoka kwakashata kweakapoteredza -5% munguva uye kusagadzikana pamusoro pe7%.
- Yakanakisa AFP - Nengozi mbiri: Zvakare, Ese maAFP akave nekudzoka kwakashata kweakapoteredza -3% uye kushanduka kuri pamusoro pe5%.
- Kune chimiro chepakati, iyo AFP ine pundutso yepamusoro ndeye AFP Capital nekudzoka kwe -0,89%.
- Kune chimiro chepakati, iyo AFP ine pundutso yepamusoro ndeye AFP Capital nekudzoka kwe -0,89%.
- Yakanakisa AFP - Conservative Profile: Kune chimiro chekuchengetedza, iyo AFP Model Ndiyo inopa yakanyanya purofiti ine 0,88% uye kusagadzikana kwe2,36%.
- More Conservative profile: Mune iyi index, iyo AFP ine pundutso yepamusoro kune yakanyanya kuchengetedza njodzi mbiri ndeye AFP Habitat ine yakaderera volatility level ye3,04%.
Kubva pane yakapfuura ongororo isu ticharatidza inotevera data yaunofanirwa kufunga nezvayo:
- Profitability: Iyo AFP inoona hunhu hwakanaka, pasi pemutsara wakasarudzwa (purofiti) iGuta.
- Kutora chikamu: Nezve chiratidzo ichi, maererano neSuperintendency yePensheni munaNovember 2019, maererano nemutsara nekutora chikamu kwakanyanya, tinowana inotevera data: Habitat. (27,9%), ichiteverwa naProvida (24,9%), Equity (19,2%) uye Cuprum (19,0%). Nepo maAFP ane yakaderera muzana yemidziyo inotungamirwa ndeiyi: Modelo (5,5%) uye Planvital (3,4%).
- Affiliates: Nezve chiratidzo ichi, isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti mukurumbira chinhu chakakosha chepfungwa-sociological chiitiko chinogona kukanganisa kusarudzwa kweimwe homwe yekutonga mudyandigere, kufungidzira zvinhu zvakaita semhando yepamusoro yemasevhisi kana mari shoma yekugadzirisa. account uye kugona mukubata nevashandisi.
Tevere, tinopa mhedzisiro yenhamba yevanobatana neAFP yega yega mumakore mashanu apfuura maererano neSuperintendence yePension. Mumutsara uyu, chigumisiro chaiva seizvi: PLANVITAL , nekukura pedyo ne5%, inoteverwa neMODELO, iyo yakakura 300%. Kune rumwe rutivi, maAFPs akarasikirwa nenhamba huru yevabatanidzwa yaiva PROVIDA neCAPITAL, iyo yakawira inenge 17% imwe neimwe.
- Makomisheni: Chimwe chiratidzo chekufunga nezvacho kuunganidzwa kwemakomisheni mashoma.Dzidzo inobhadharisa makomisheni mashoma ndiyo inonzi Model ine chikamu che0,77%. Kusiyana neProvida ne1,45%.
Tichifunga nezvese ruzivo rwakaongororwa uye nekupindura mubvunzo, isu tinogona kutenderedza pfungwa yekumisikidza izvo zvichave maitiro ekururamisa kusarudzwa kwehomwe yacho.
Mupfungwa iyi, kana tikasarudza Planvital tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwevashandisi, kana chirevo chiri chemamiriro ehupfumi zvichienderana nemakomisheni akaderera, ipapo iyo AFP yekusarudza ichava Model uye kana kufarira kuine pundutso, ipapo hunhu hwaizova Capital. . Zvese zvinoenderana nezvido zvako uye zvinoda kuumba sarudzo yako.
Kupfupisa, kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa mundima dzakapfuura, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakusarudzwa kweAFP, senge zera remushandi uye mupiro wemudyandigere, zvese zviri zviviri zvinoita basa rakakosha. .
Zera rinocherechedzwa sezvo riri iro rinokonzera mavambo emudyandigere kuti anakidzwe nepenjeni yake yekurega basa uye rinopa chikonzero chakasimba chekuronga purofiti mune ramangwana uye maererano nemitengo yemupiro, sezvo ichichinja. uye zvisingatarisirwi, izvo zvinoshanduka zvichienderana nemasimba ekunze anopindirana muhupfumi hweChile.
Zvimwe pamusoro peiyo yakanyanya kunaka AFP
Kuti tikupe rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi, tinoda kukuudza kuti vatariri vehomwe yepenjeni masangano emari akazvimirira ane chinangwa chikuru chekubata mari kubva kuvashandi veakaundi yekuchengeta penjeni.
Mari idzi dzinodzorwa nehurongwa hwemacapitalization system, hunosanganisira munhu wega wega kuchengetedza chikamu chemari yake kuti atsigire penjeni panguva yaanoenda pamudyandigere. Izvo zvinodikanwa kufunga kuti iyi kuchengetedza, senge chero chiridzwa chemari, inogadzira purofiti iyo inotendwa kune iyo saver.
Pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwakaitika muChile maererano nekushandiswa kwega yega capitalization system, pakanga pane hurongwa hwemari yepenjeni, iyo vashandi vakapa mipiro yavo maererano nemhando yebasa ravakaita mumapazi akasiyana-siyana emabhizimisi.
Mashandiro emari aya aive akadai: Vakabvisa mutero wemutero kuvashandi vaive kuhomwe iyi kuitira kuti vabhadhare mudyandigere kuvashandi vayo vakasiya basa; yaizivikanwawo segadziriro yokugovera, mumutauro unonyanyozivikanwa.
Kutungamirirwa kwehomwe yepenjeni kwakagadzirwa panguva yehurumende yeGeneral Augusto Pinochet uye inoonekwa sesimba remhando yehupfumi hwenyika.
Chiitiko chiri kuitika muChile chinonakidza. Vanhu vasingaverengeki vave pedyo nekukwanisa kutora chikamu chemari yavanenge vachengeta kubva kuvakuru vehomwe yepenjeni.
Tichipihwa mvumo muCongress ye "10% mutemo", kubviswa kweiyo muzana yemari. Sarudzo iyi inokurudzirwa nemamiriro ari kuita pasi rose nedenda reCovid-19, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushaya mabasa uye kudzikira kwakanyanya kwehupfumi kuri kusangana nenyika. Ichi chiyero hachina kugamuchirwa zvakanaka nemainshuwarisi akazvimirira kana nehurumende yenyika.
Tevere, tinokupa iwe audiovisual material kuitira kuti ugone kuona mashandiro ehomwe yepenjeni parizvino.