Sinou inoumbwa nemakristasi emvura, ayo anowanzo miririra chimiro chenyeredzi nemaoko matanhatu. Izvi zvakabatanidzwa kuita maflakes, chimwe nechimwe chichitora maumbirwo akasiyana. A Snowflake, mafomu mumakore ane tembiricha ye12 madhigirii, tsvaga mune ino chinyorwa zvese nezvemazaya echando, magadzirirwo awo uye nezvimwe!
Mazaya echando anogadzirwa sei?
Kuumbwa kunobva mukugadzirwa kwechando, kune chikamu chayo, kusikwa kwechando chechando kunotanga mumakore kubva kune guruva particles uye madonhwe kubva mumhute wemvura unouya pamwe chete uye unooma nekuda kwekushisa kwakadzika.
Makristasi echando ane hexagonal symmetry, geometrically inoonekwa semufananidzo unoumbwa nemativi matanhatu akaenzana, asymmetry iyi inogadzirwa nekuti mamorekuru emvura nemaatomu ehydrogen zvakaparadzaniswa ne12C madhigirii kubva kune mumwe, muchimiro chehexagon.
Sezvo makristasi madiki echando achidonha, mamwe zvidimbu zvemvura zvinotanga kujoinha, zvichigadzira uye kugadzira majeometri matsva uye anoshamisa. Aya makristasi matsva, akakura zvikuru anonzi ma snowflakes.
Iyo geometry ye chando zvinosiyana zvichienderana netembiricha uye mwando, patembiricha ingangoita 6 madhigirii centigrade, uye nehunyoro hushoma. Snowflakes zviri nyore hexagonal plates, asi sezvo hunyoro hunowedzera uye tembiricha inodonha, maumbirwo echando anowedzera kuoma sezvo achibuda akaenzana.
Nekuda kwekuoma nekusiyana-siyana kwezvimiro izvo zvimedu zvechando zviripo, masayendisiti akagumisa kuti chimwe nechimwe chazvo chakangosiyana. Chinhu chinoshamisa pamusoro pemazaya echando aya ndechekuti ane mativi matanhatu akaenzana.
Ichi chiitiko chemusikirwo chinoyemurwa zvakanyanya nevanhu nekuda kwezvakasiyana uye zvinoshamisa hunhu zvinozvitsanangura. Sechokwadi chinocherechedzwa, sinou kazhinji haina kuchena, haina ruvara uye yakajeka, izvo maziso edu anoona mugumisiro wekutorwa kwemwaranzi yezuva kubva pamusoro iyo inozovhara mazaya echando.
Kuumbwa kweflake hakusi nyore, makristasi aya akagadzirwa mukati megore umo mamiriro chaiwo ekunyorova, tembiricha, kudzvanywa, density uye vhoriyamu ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera mamiriro ekuumbwa kwechando.
Imwe neimwe kristaro inotevera trajectory uye inopa nhoroondo yakatsanangurwa kwazvo mukati megore raamai. Nekukwira kwakawanda uye kudzika, mapoka, uye kudhumhana, kana kristaro ikangosiya gore, inosangana neakasiyana mamiriro emuchadenga akadai sekumanikidza, mhepo, uye tembiricha izvo zvinozogadzirisa kutaridzika kwayo kwekupedzisira.
Marudzi makuru echando
Kana tembiricha ichikwira pakati pemadhigirii 0, makristasi anotora zvimiro zvinoshamisa, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwakanyanya, zvisinei, ese ane geometric chimiro, chinova chinonyanyo zivikanwa pakati pemazaya echando. Ikozvino, marudzi mazhinji emaflakes, asi aya ndiwo akanyanya kutariswa:
- mapepa ane nyeredzi: Mufananidzo waro unomiririrwa nechimiro chakaita senyeredzi, ichando chakajeka icho chinowanzopatsanurwa kuita nhanhatu dzakafara. Iyi mhando ye Snowflake Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa.
- Stellar Dendrites: Inomiririra imwe yemhando dzakatanhamara dzemazaya echando aripo pakati pawo, chimiro chayo chinonongedza kune yakanaka mapoinzi muchimiro chematavi, akaitenderedza matavi madiki anodhirowa anoshongedza chimiro chakasiyana chekristaro iyi.
- Makona matatu: Iyo imhando yekristaro inogadzirwa kashoma, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupisa uko makristasi anoumbwa, kuti zviitike zvinofanirwa kuti tembiricha isvike pakati pe2 kana 3 madhigirii, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi pane shanduko. muzvinhu zvayo. Mazaya echando anobva atora chimiro chakaita katatu, chokwadi chekuti kunyangwe zvisingawanzo, zvinoyevedza kutarisa.
- Bullet rosette: Inokwereta zita rayo nekuda kwemaitiro echisikigo ayo anoita kana asvika pamusoro penyika, kazhinji aya anouya akaungana, uye mukufamba kweaizi inoputika uye pakupedzisira inoonekwa kana ichidonha muchimiro chemabara.
Chipande chechando chakakura sei?
Sezvataratidza, hunhu huripo twumazaya echando hunoenderana zvakanyanya nemhoteredzo uye mumhepo yazvinokura, kazhinji dzine dhayamita riri pakati pemasendimita masere kusvika gumi.
Nekune rimwe divi, sezvo kuumbwa kwemazaya echando kunoenderana nekupisa, tinokupa runyoro rwenguva dzose tembiricha inoronga mhando yekuumbwa uye dhizaini umo imwe neimwe yeiyi inokura:
Nekupisa kwe -16C, maflakes anotanga kuumbwa mumhando yemakoramu. Kana tembiricha iri pamusoro -12 C, maflakes anowanzo kuwira mumhando ye dendrites. Pasi pekushisa kwe -10C, izvo zvinonzi maflakes akafanana neplate anogadzirwa.
Mumamiriro ekushisa ari pamusoro -6C, kugadzirwa kwemazaya echando kunogadzirwa nenzira yemakoramu asina maburi.
Nepo iyo -4C e ichiuya kuzogadzira zvakasarudzika zvakaita tsono flakes. Kuve pakupedzisira tembiricha ingangoita -0C tinosvika pakugadzirwa kwemafuraki anoshamisa ari muchimiro chehexagons.
Sezvatinoona, imwe neimwe yemhando idzi dze Snowflake, zvinogadziriswa nemamiriro ekunze emuchadenga aripo mumamiriro ekunze aripo mune imwe nzvimbo. Ngaave maflakes anonzi mahwendefa, mbiru, dendrites, kunyange hexagonal nyeredzi-yakaumbwa maflakes, imwe neimwe ine yakatanhamara uye yakajeka hunhu husingabviri kufuratira uye zvechokwadi yakakodzera kuyemurwa.
Sei mazaya echando akachena?
Pamibvunzo yose iripo pamusoro pemaitiro echisikigo ayo munhu anozvibvunza paanenge achipfuura nepanyika, imwe yacho ndeyekuti sei chando chakachena, kana kuti nei mazaya echando akachena. Mubvunzo watinozopa mhinduro mumitsetse inotevera:
Sezvatinotoziva, mazaya echando anomiririra chimiro cheaizi yakanatswa. Iyi ice rakanyatsojeka harina chero ruvara. Ruvara ruchena runoratidzwa muchiedza cheziso remunhu nekuda kwemwaranzi yezuva iyo yakamira pahuwandu hwemazaya echando ecrystalline. Nekuda kwemwaranzi yechiedza, kuona kwedu kunoratidza sinou pachikamu chinoenderana neruvara ruchena.
Kunyanya kupi sinou?
Kazhinji kunonaya sinou munyika dziri kuchamhembe kwehemisphere dzakadai seJapan kana kuti kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, idzi dzinomiririra nzvimbo dzinoonekwa nekudonha kukuru kwechando.
Imwe nzvimbo iyo sinou inoungana yakawanda iri kumaodzanyemba kweAlaska. Munyika iyoyo, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwayo kwemhepo, inobvumira kuumbwa kwechando chechando uye zvichida marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Inogonawo kuonekwa pamusoro pepamusoro pepamusoro pe Moutains yakakwirira nekuda kwekuderera kwekushisa.
Sinou mune dzimwe nyika inomiririra chimwe chezvikonzero nei vamwe vashanyi vachifarira kushanyira nzvimbo idzi, kuti vararame ruzivo rwekuona, kubata uye kunzwa chiitiko ichi chechisikigo, icho dzisiri nyika dzese pasirese dzine rombo rekuve. mamiriro anodiwa kuti nzira yekudzika kwechando itange.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope kondinendi zvinonyanya kuwanda kuti mumwaka wegore chando chinowira, pakati pavo France inomira kunze, iyo pasina mubvunzo nyika ine hukuru hwekushanyirwa.
Nepo mukusiyana ne America kondinendi zvakaoma zvikuru kuti chando chivepo nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo nyika zhinji dzeAmerica dziri nyika dzinopisa. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeVenezuela, Colombia, Brazil, pakati pevamwe.
Nyika dzine mwaka miviri kana mitatu chete inokura mukati megore, kusanganisira chirimo, chirimo uye matsutso, kunze kwechando, kazhinji mamiriro ekunze anopisa uye anodziya. Chiitiko icho chando chisingadzike munyika dzeSouth America.
Ipo muNorth America nyika dzine mwaka mina yegore negore, idzo dzinokonzera kuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze kunobvumira tembiricha yakaderera inosiya kunaya kwechando.
Chekupedzisira, zvinofadza chaizvo kuziva zvishoma nezve zvese zvinotsanangura, zvimiro, zvinoshongedza uye zvinovaka muviri. Isu takadzidza zvese nezvemazaya echando, kubva zvino zvichienda mberi ichave chiitiko chaicho kuona uye kuona kudonha kwechando kubva kune imwe maonero.
Chiitiko chiri chikamu chemamiriro edu ezvakatipoteredza hachimbofa chakaonekwa, uye chinocherechedzwa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti chimwe chechokwadi chakatanhamara icho zvisikwa zvinotipa, chimiro chayo, magadzirirwo, ruvara uye nezvimwe, ndezvimwe zvehunhu hwechando hwatinopihwa naAmai Pasi.
Pasinei nekutonhora kwakadii kuva pedyo nesinou, kuvanhu zvichagara zviri chiitiko chemusikirwo chinomutsa kuda kuziva, kuyemura uye kutandara. Icho chinopfuura maitiro, chiitiko chinonakidza chizere netarisiro, kunakidzwa uye kuda kuziva izvo hunhu hwedu chete hunotipa kutenda kune kwayo isingakundiki maitiro.