Nyika yeAfrica Ndiyo kondinendi yechitatu pakukura panyika, kune nyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu, ine vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe, kune mitauro yakasiyana-siyana uye zvitendero. Muchidimbu chinotevera cheruzivo rwese nezveKondinendi ino.
Hunhu hweAfrica Continent
Mune zvinotevera, maitiro eAfrica Continent acharatidzwa, akadai se: geography, economics, demografia, mutauro, chitendero nezvimwe.
Geography
La Nzvimbo yeAfrica Nezve territorial miganhu:
- Gungwa reMeditera riri mugungwa Mawodzanyemba.
- Continent yeAsia, Gungwa Dzvuku neIndia Ocean kuburikidza neSuez Canal dziri padivi ichi.
- Iyo Indian Ocean uye Atlantic Ocean dziri munzvimbo Sur yenyika.
- Iyo Atlantic Ocean inowanikwa Madokero.
Nyika yeAfrica yakakura uye ine chikuva chihombe chine hurefu hunosvika 600 kusvika 800 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Makungwa nemakungwa (masl), hakuna nzizi dzakawanda dzinoyambuka kondinendi uye idzo dzinoganhura peninsulas.
El Nyika yeAfrica maererano nehukuru hwayo iri pachinhanho chechitatu.
Iyo ine yakakura avhareji urefu uye kufanana maererano nemaitiro ayo. Iine matatu anoenderera emamiriro ekunze anodzokororwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweequator, kusanganisira mamiriro ekunze eMedithera, iyo Subtropical, mamiriro ekunze erenje uye zvakare kunaya kweIntertropical, umo mairi maviri makuru anosanganisirwa, ayo sango uye iro remusango.
Africa Information Importante
Iine huwandu hukuru hwesimba muchimiro chemwaranzi kana kuti insolation munenge gore rose, zvinotendwa kuti zita rayo rinobva pano, sezvo Africa muchiLatin zvinoreva; "pasina kutonhora". Kana kondinendi yakashandisa simba rose iroro, ingadai iine chimwe chinhu chinokosha kupfuura mafuta acho pachayo, inongoda kuva nemvura yakakwana kuti itore mukana iwoyo.
Ivhu rayo rakafumiswa zvakanyanya maererano nemaminerari uye akakodzera chaizvo kumafuro. With the Mhando dzemamiriro ekunze mhando yenhunzi yeTsetse inokura kwayakawanda nhasi. Nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukodzera kurima dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dziri kumabvazuva uye munzvimbo iyo Great Lakes iripo, pamwe chete ne deltas dzakasiyana, mahombekombe, kusanganisira Sahel.
Muganhu unobva kugwenga reSahara uye nepakati penzvimbo dzinopisa, unotsigirwa nekudiridza kwedzimwe nzvimbo.
Iyi nharaunda yese yaizova nemvura yakawanda inowanika nenzira yekuvaka ichiita diversion ine makonditi anotakura mvura kuburikidza negiravhiti, semuenzaniso ungave wekuzviita kubva kuRwizi rweCongo, kana vakagadzirisa kusawirirana kwavo kwezvematongerwo enyika zvaizoitwa.
Main Ecosystems yeAfrica Continent
- Sahara Desert. Ikozvino iri munguva ye Dry weather. Iyo ine kureba kwe9.400.000 square kilometres
- Namibian Desert. Nehurefu hunosvika 2.000 km.
- Kalahari Desert. Kureba kwayo i930.000 km² uye inopararira kuburikidza ne "Botswana".
- Inofukidza kureba kwe5.400 makiromita kubva kuAtlantic Ocean kumadokero kusvika kuGungwa Dzvuku kumabvazuva.
- Inofukidza kureba kwe223.100 km².
- Okavango Delta. Ine nzvimbo inotangira pa15.000 km² uye 22.000 km² kana kuine mafashamu.
- Iine vagari vangangoita 87.056.145.
- The Great Rift Valley. Iyo ine kuwedzera kwe4830 km.
- The Great Lakes. Iine vanhu vakawanda, imwe yevakawanda pasi rose, pamamiriyoni zana ne107.
- Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeKenya. Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro iPunta Lenana, 4.985 m.
- Muethiopia Massif. Misoro yayo inogona kuyera pakati pe4.600 ne4.900 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Zvitsuwa zvikuru uye zvitsuwa zveKondinendi
- Archipelago yeMadeira, ine nzvimbo ye828 km².
- Archipelago yeCanary Islands, ine kureba kwe1583 km pamhenderekedzo dzayo.
- Archipelago yeCape Verde, Bioko, chitsuwa ichi chinoumbwa nezvitsuwa gumi.
- São Tomé nePríncipe, ine nzvimbo ye1.001 km².
- Santa Elena, ine nharaunda ye121 km² uye ine nharaunda ye91 km².
- Archipelago yeMascareñas, yakawanikwa muna Kukadzi 9, 1513.
- Zanzibar ine nzvimbo ye1.666 km².
- Archipelago yeComoros, maererano ne2012 census ine vagari ve724 vagari.
- Archipelago yeSeychelles, ine nzvimbo ye455 km².
nzizi dzeAfrica
- Volta, ine nzvimbo ye407.093 km².
- Niger-Benue inoyerera ichienda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika yasvika kuGulf of Guinea.
- Congo (rwizi rwechipiri pakukura pasirese), nzira yarwo iri kunanga kuchamhembe, kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, inodira muAtlantic Ocean.
- Orange ine nzira ingangoita 2.200 km, Limpopo kureba kwayo 1.800 km.
- Nile (rwizi rwakareba kwazvo pasi rose), rune urefu hwe 6853 km.
- Zambezi, ine kureba kwe2.574 km.
Economy
Kare nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzaive nyika dzeEurope, nekuda kwechiitiko ichi vanoenderera mberi nenhaurirano dzehupfumi neEU (European Union).
Libya ine GDP yepamusoro mukondinendi yese, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi vane mukana wekumisikidza mazano akasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yekuvaka, semuenzaniso Rwizi Rukuru rweLibya runova rwakagadzirwa.
Kune Sangano renyika dzakafanana neEU, iyo ine zita reAU (African Union), uko kunowanikwa nyika dzese dzekondinendi, kusanganisira «Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic». Vazhinji vari mubudiriro, vamwe vari munzira kuenda kubudiriro.
Mukondinendi, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 350 vane dhora rimwe chete rokurarama pazuva. Africa inofanirwa kukanzura mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora echikwereti chayo gore rega rega, zvisinei nekuti mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechi20 pakanga paine zvimwe "zvakaregererwa" maererano neizvi.
Huwandu hwevanhu
Kuverengwa kwenyika kwapera, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi hapana fungidziro yenhamba yevanhu nhasi, maererano nekuverenga kwakaitwa, nhamba yevagari vomuAfrica inogona kusvika mazana mapfumbamwe emamiriyoni evanhu. Kuve nekushomeka kwehuwandu hwevanhu, kunofungidzirwa kuti kune avhareji yevanhu makumi matatu nevatatu paKm33.
Pakukura, ine chikamu chepamusoro-soro, iine (2,4%), inenge yakapetwa kaviri yeavhareji inobatwa pasi rose, inova (1,2%). Gore negore nharaunda ine kukura pamusoro pemamiriyoni makumi maviri, izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakawanda:
Mari yekuzvarwa inofambiswa sei?: nhamba dzekuzvarwa dzakanyanya. Chiyero chine chekuita nekuzvara chinowanikwa pa (36%), chinopeta kaviri chiyero chinobatwa pasi rese. Mudzimai wepakati ane avhareji yevana 4,8, yepamusoro-soro papasi.
Mafambisirwo ezvirwere uye kufa kuri sei mukondinendi: Nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka mune zvekurapa, vakakwanisa kumisa kufa mukondinendi ino, nezviitiko zvezvirwere zvinotapukira, yellow fever kana marariya. Ivo havasati vakwanisa kumisa kukura kweAIDS, iyo inoramba iri chisakiso chikuru chorufu mukondinendi.
Nyika yevechidiki: Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Africa idiki sekondinendi, 50% yenharaunda iri pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu uye chete (3%) inopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Hazvigoni kurambwa kuti pane zvimwe zvakasiyana.
Sezvinoita mu“nyika dziri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara” dzakadai seUganda, vanhu vacho vari vaduku uye vari kukura nokukurumidza kupfuura muRepublic of South Africa nenharaunda dziri kuchamhembe.
Avhareji yehupenyu muAfrica: avhareji yehupenyu mukondinendi ino ndiyo yakaderera pasi pano, vakadzi vane avhareji yemakore makumi mashanu nematanhatu uye varume vane makore makumi mashanu nematatu.
Zvitendero: pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa iIslam kuchamhembe uye yekare "animist" kana zvitendero zvekuzvarwa zve "sub-Saharan" Africa, chitendero chechiKristu chinowedzerwa nekusiyana kwacho se: Catholicism, Coptic Christianity, muEthiopia, makereke evangelical uye machechi anobva kuAfrica uko anobatanidza tsika dzetsika dzavo nedzechiKristu.
Mukondinendi, 80% yevagari vatema, chikamu chekuchamhembe chinogarwa nevanhu vane ganda jena vakaita seBerbers neArabs. Kumaodzanyemba kwepasi kune vanhu vachena, ruzhinji runobva kuEurope, avhareji yemamiriyoni mashanu inofungidzirwa.
Mukondinendi mune mitauro inenge chiuru, chikamu chikuru chayo chinoshandiswa nezvikamu. Nekukurumbira kukuru ndeiyi: ChiArabic kuchamhembe, French, Chirungu pamwe nemitauro yeSudan mu "sub-Saharan" Africa kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba iSwahili.
Munzvimbo Dzinopisa dzeCapricorn neCancer, vagari vemo zvikurusa vatema, avo vakakamurwa kuva mapoka anokosha akati wandei.Zvakajairika kuona nzvimbo dzakaganhurana dziri pakati pemapoka aya, dzine vanhu vakavhengana.
mapoka
- Sudanese (Gulf of Guinea uye Sahel nyika).
- Nilotic (Nile, kubva kuSudan kusvika kuGreat Lakes).
- Kushitic (Eriopean Plateau neNyanga yeAfrica)
- Bantu, dzinza guru, iro rinowanikwa munzvimbo yose kubva kuEquatorial Jungle Belt, chaizvoizvo musanganiswa wemakirasi maviri ekare akapararira, nhasi uye nhamba yakaderera, mapoka aya ndeaya:
- The Twá: avo vakatumidzwa zita remapygmies, vanowanikwa vachigara munzvimbo dzesango.
- The Kung-San: Vanodaidza boka iri kuti maBushmen uye vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemaodzanyemba kwakanyanyisa.
- Huwandu hwevanhu verudzi rwechiFrench hunowanikwa muMaghreb uye mune vashoma mumaguta makuru kuWest Africa, muAngola nemamwe maguta ari kumahombekombe. Kune vashoma vari musanganiswa weAfrica nemaPutukezi.
Nyika dzeKondinendi
La Chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika cheAfrica inotsanangura kuti kondinendi iyi yakaumbwa sei, saka zvakakosha kuziva kuti inoumbwa nenyika dzinozvitonga makumi mashanu neina, nyika mbiri dzisingazivikanwe nenzvimbo mbiri dzinotsamirana. Pamusoro peizvi, kondinendi iyi inosanganisirawo dzimwe nyika, dziri muEuropean Continent, idzi ndiSpain, Portugal neFrance.
Nyika dzeAfrica:
- Angola
- Algeria
- Bassas da India
- Benin
- zimbabwe
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Green Cable
- Comores
- Kongo
- Cote d'Ivoire
- Jibhuti
- Ijipiti
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Gabon
- Gambiya
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Equatorial Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Bouvet Island
- Europe Island
- Juan de Nova Island
- Tromelin Island
- Glorious Islands
- Kenya
- Lesotho
- Raibheriya
- Libya
- Madhagasika
- Malawi
- Mali
- Morocco
- Mauricio
- Mauritaniya
- Mayotte
- Mozambiki
- Namibhiya
- Naija
- Naijeriya
- hapana nyika yemunhu
- Central African Republic
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Republic of Chad
- kudzokerana
- Rwanda
- Western Sahara
- Santa Helena
- Mutsvene Thomas uye Muchinda
- Senegal
- Secheres
- Sierra Leona
- Somaria
- Swaciland
- South Africa
- Sudan
- Tanzania
- Nzvimbo yeBritish muIndia Ocean
- French Southern uye Antarctic Nyika
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Uganda
- Zambia
- zimbabwe
Mitauro
Kune boka remitauro ingangove yakare seyavanhu, kubva ipapo pakazvarwa marudzi maviri ekutaura anonzi ndiwo makuru uye kubva mumapoka maviri aya mamwe mapoka emitauro yakakosha akabuda, senge:
- Madimikira eKondinendi.
- Boka reNiger-Bernue.
Kune mitauro yakanyanya uye yakasarudzika, senge mitauro yeClicks inobva kuKung Sang, inofungidzirwa kuti mitauro yakasiyana-siyana inotaurwa pasi rose yakazvarwa kubva ipapo.
Pakati pemitauro iri kuwedzera, pane iyo ine vanopfuura mamirioni zana nemakumi maviri vatauri vakaita se:
- Arabic, El Kiswahili, (nemwewo Swahili), Haussa, (Fulbé kana Fulfuldé), ese ari "lingua francas" kureva kuti, mitauro inotaurwa netsika dzakasiyana, inoteverwa nevashandisi vane mutauro wekuEurope.
- Chirungu, chiFrench, chiPutukezi chechitatu, chinoshandiswa nevakuru ve postcolonial uye makirasi ekuronga maguta.
Chitendero
Munyika yose, zvitendero zvakawanda zvinoitwa ndezvemuAfrica, izvo zvinowanikwa muboka risingaverengeki rinonzi "animist". Zvitendero izvi zvinowira muboka iri revaanimist zvinozviratidza sezvitendero zviri pasi rose, ndizvo zvakaita chitendero chechiKristu neIslam.
Iyo Islam: Inoratidzika sechitendero chikuru kuchamhembe uye chakatanhamara munharaunda yeSahara, West Africa, Sahel neEast Africa.
Chikristu: pasinei nokuti yakakura kudarika Islam, yakaramba yakavharirwa muEthiopia kwenguva yakareba, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX ndiyo yaive nekukura kwakakosha mukondinendi yose.
Zvitendero zviviri izvi, Islam neChristian, zvinoita zvakabatana mukondinendi, vazhinji vakazvipira, nenzira imwechete sezvazvinoitika nechitendero cheKimbanguism kana Chechi yeCelestial Christianity, iyo inosara uye inokura ichikurudzirwa nemafungiro uye chirevo che. zvitendero zvose zvechivanhu.
Zvitendero Zvegamuchidzanwa: izvi zvine huvepo hwepamusoro muAmerica, pakati pezvitendero zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
- voodoo: Inowanikwa kunyanya kuHaiti.
- Yoruba: inogona kuwanikwa muCaribbean, uye muBrazil.
Zvitendero zveHumambo hwekare hweCongo: Ivo varipowo muCaribbean uye kunyanya muBrazil yose.
Zvitendero zveHindu neJudhiya: Ivo havana nhamba yakakura yevateveri.
Zvido zveAfrica Continent
- Munhu wekutanga panyika. Zvagara zvichifungwa kuti Homo Sapiens yakatanga mukondinendi ino, makore angangoita 190 apfuura, uye ndokupararira pasi rose.
- Nyika dzeArabhu dziri kuchamhembe kwekondinendi. MaArabu akakunda North Africa yese muzana ramakore rechinomwe. Kubva panguva iyo nyika dzakaganhurana neGungwa reMediteranian iArab.
- Makoroni eAfrica. Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nyika dzinoverengeka mukondinendi yeEurope dzakagoverana nyika dzeAfrica.
- Hondo nemakakatanwa mukondinendi mukati mezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kubva muzana remakore rechi25 kwave kune misiyano yakawanda mukondinendi ino, zvekuti nhasi ndimo mune makakatanwa akasiyana-siyana, maererano nekuverenga kwakaitwa ikoko kunosvika makumi maviri nemashanu munharaunda yese.
- dzidzo nevana. Havasi vana vese vanowana dzidzo, vana pavana gumi vasina kudzidza vanobva muAfrica. Upenyu hwekondinendi ino hwakaomera vana. Munyika dzinochengetedza hondo kana kuti dzine musiyano, vana ndivo vanotanga kubatwa, vanoshandurwa kuva varwi, vanomanikidzwa kushanda, vanopedzisira vave varanda. Vazhinji vanobiwa uye kana tichitaura nezvechikafu uye mvura yakakosha kushomeka.