Isu tinokuunzira ruzivo rwese nezve andean condorUnoda kuziva nezveshiri iyi inoshamisa? Muchiitiko ichocho, tinokukoka iwe kuti ugare nesu, mune ino positi iwe uchawana ruzivo, maitiro, morphology, chikafu chetsika uye pekugara kweAndean condor, usapotsa!
Ruzivo nezve condor
El andean condor inomiririra shiri ine chimiro chaicho, ine zita resainzi rinozivikanwa zviri nani se vultur gryphus, iyi inowanzowanwa munharaunda yeSouth America kondinendi, inonzi ndiyo shiri hurusa pasi rose, iyo inotanhamara pakati pemhatsa huru yeshiri dzomunyika dzine ukuru hwakati kuti.
Gomo reAndes rinomiririra imwe yenzvimbo inogara Andean condor, maererano nehunhu hwayo, ine ruvara rusingawanzo siyana mumhando dzakasiyana, nekuti dzinogara dzakasendamira kune ruvara rwemavara matema, hunhu hwayo hwakavakirwa. , pamusoro pekorona yemusoro wake, iyo isina chero rudzi kana chimiro cheminhenga.
Hatigoni kukundikana kutaura kuti shiri iyi ine simba rekushandura ruvara rwechitubu chayo, nekuda kwekuita kwehupenyu hunowanzo kuitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwemanzwiro kwakasiyana kunoitika mumhuka. Zvinofadza, handiti? Kana iri saizi yaro, tichange tichitaura nezverudzi urwu rweruzivo muzvikamu zvinotevera.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti condor imwe yeshiri huru dzakaora. Inowanzogara ichidya pamhuka muhutano hwepamusoro hwekuora. Imwe yeruzivo rwe data yaunofanirwa kuziva ndeyekuti zvinoshamisa kuti condor haina kunyatsobudirira kubereka maitiro, chiitiko ichi chakati kushomeka.
Kutenda kune izvi, vakadzi veizvi Mhando dzeshiri, dzinowanzoita dendere kamwechete pamakore maviri ega ega, imhando yeshiri yakararama, sezvo ichikwanisa kusvika makore anotarisirwa kurarama makore makumi masere kunyange mukuzviisa pasi, ndiko kuti, kutapwa.
Iyo condor inogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore munharaunda yemasango anogeza America, tichifunga kuti aya anomiririrwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemasango, ane Mamiriro ekunze eTropical zvinogamuchirwa chaizvo, kwete kushiri chete, asi kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana anoita hupenyu mukati mezvipenyu izvi.
Aya ecosystems anopa iyo condor nzvimbo yakanyatsogadzikana yekugara sezvo vachikwanisa kushanda zviri nyore, panguva imwe chete iyo vanogona kuwana zviwanikwa zvinodiwa kuti vararame uye vararame zvizere munzvimbo idzi. Pakati penyika dzinowanzomirira rudzi urwu rweshiri, tinowana:
- Venezuela
- Korombiya
- Ekwadho
- Peru
- Chile
- Borivhiya
- Argentina
Idzi ndidzo dzimwe dzenyika dzavanogona kuwanikwa andean condor, apo iwe unogonawo kuonga chimwe chiratidzo uye kukosha kwechimiro chemhuka iyi. Kunyangwe kuve chikamu chenhaka yetsika yemamwe matunhu, kunyanya Ecuador.
Nekuda kweizvi, iyo Andean condor yakatora kukosha kukuru munhoroondo yezvizhinji zveidzi nyika, kunyanya nekuda kwehukuru hunoitsanangura, iyo inobvumira kuti imiririre zvimwe zviratidzo zvedzimwe nyika senge nyika yeEcuadorian, iyo ine. yakatora mufananidzo wekondori kuti uishandure kuva bhachi rayo renyika.
Kunyangwe padanho reAmerica, inoonekwa senhaka yechokwadi munharaunda yechisikigo uye kunyangwe padanho retsika. Zvisineyi, mhuka iyi iri muzvinhu zvakawanda inogara ichityisidzirwa, izvi nekuda kwekuvhima zvisiri pamutemo, vakatombobatwa nehumwe hunhu hwekudhakwa, vamwe vanoita rombo rakanaka rekuiswa muhusungwa.
Hunhu hweAndean condor
Iyo condor ine akati wandei anonakidza maitiro anoita kuti inakidze uye hukuru maererano neiyo morphology uye chimiro, pazasi isu ticharatidza mamwe ayo anonyanya kukosha maitiro:
Mutero
Mutero weshiri iyi unoshamisa sezvatambotaura, asi chii chinoshamisa uye chinoshamisa pazviri? Eya, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvine shiri iyi izvo, mumeso emeso emunhu, zvinoyevedza zvikuru. Imwe yacho imuromo wayo unoshamisa, uyo wakareba masendimita 13, iyo yainoshandisa kudyisa, kubvambura mhuka yayo.
Humwe hunhu hwayo hunoisiyanisa neminhenga yayo, sezvo ine minhenga mikuru, yakawanda ine ruvara rwutema, mukuwedzera kukuva nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wayo dzine minhenga michena. Chifuva chake, semuenzaniso, chikamu chetaxonomy yakaoma kwazvo.
Descripcion
Sezvatakambotaura muzvikamu zvakapfuura, Andean condor inomiririra imwe yeshiri huru dzepanyika pasi rose, pane shiri imwe chete inogona kuidarika maererano nehuremu, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti condor inopfuura kune yechipiri. flat. Izvi zvine hurefu hwakati wandei, hunotenderera, hunosvika masendimita mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu pakukwira, huremu hunosvika 350 kilos.
Pazvikamu zvadzo, hadzi dzerudzi urwu rweshiri dzinowanzoita zvishoma muhuremu uye kureba. Mazhinji ayo ane anenge 10 kilos, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti vanogovana hunhu hwemusoro usina kupfeka sevarume. Iyi magumo kazhinji inokwevera kutarisisa kwakawanda kubva kumunhu, izvo zvakati wandei zvidzidzo zvakaitwa nezvehunhu uhu.
Kazhinji, chikamu ichi chekondori chinowanzosiyana-siyana ruvara rwayo, kunyange zvazvo nguva yakawanda inoramba iine tsvuku, chete kana mhuka yakashandurwa manzwiro inoita kuchinja ruvara, kunyange kutora ruvara rwakanyanya. Kana ari mapapiro adzo, aya akareba, ari chimbo chakakwana chinovabvumira kubhururuka nekukurumidza uye nekukasira, pamwe nekuvabatsira kuronga uye kubatirira kunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Kune chikamu chayo, makumbo ane kushanduka kukuru uye kugadzirisa, ane rudzi rwemahwanda, izvo zvinovabvumira kuita zvakasiyana-siyana maererano nekuvhima, sezvo kuburikidza neizvi shiri inokwanisa kubata mhuka yakachengeteka zvakakwana. Nezvepabonde rake, iye andean condor inowanzotanga kuita zvepabonde paanenge ane makore mapfumbamwe.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vazhinji vevarume verudzi urwu, kunyanya varume, vanowanzova nekrete inoshandura chimiro chayo nekufamba kwenguva, ichiwedzera kukura kwayo. Muchiitiko chemaziso avo, aya anowanzoonekwa pasi peruvara rwakanyanya kujeka, kana ari emadzimai, haana mufaro, uye maziso avo ane rimwe jira rinonongedza kune toni dzvuku.
Ongororo dzakasiyana siyana dzakasimbisa kuti andean condor Inogona kusvika paurefu hukuru kana yagadzirira kubhururuka, uye seshiri zhinji dzinobhururuka, ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubhururuka, iyo inobatsira zvikuru nekuda kwemaitiro emapapiro ayo, sezvainoisa nyasha dzayo zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa senge mhepo, iyo inomubatsira kuti azvikwidziridze nesimba rose.
Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro peshiri iyi yakanaka ndechekuti inogona kubhururuka kwenguva yakati rebei, pasina chikonzero chekuvhuvhuta mapapiro ayo makuru. Zvechokwadi unhu hunofadza zvikuru. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, mhuka haidyi simba guru.
Nekuda kwekushamisa kweminhenga yayo, mhuka iyi haitamburi nekuchinja kwakasiyana kwemamiriro ekunze kunoitika mumasikirwo, sezvo vachiidzivirira zvinogutsa kubva kuchando chinokura mu ecosystem. Iwe unofanirwawo kuziva kuti kondori haikwanisi kuburitsa chero rudzi rweruzha, sezvo chikamu chezwi rayo chiri atrophied.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVENj7D7bAA
Zvokudya
Kudyiswa kwemhuka idzi kunouya nenguva, sezvo kudya kwadzo kwakavakirwa pamhuka kana miviri iri mukuora kwepamusoro, sezviri pachena, kwete nguva yose yadzinowana muviri une hunhu hwakafanana. Iyi ishiri inokasika kukasika, inogara ichiziva pekuwana mhuka yayabata, sezvo iine kamunhuwi kanoshingaira, kanopfuura kemunhu chero upi zvake.
Kazhinji, idzi dzinoramba dzichishanda uye dzakangwarira chero tsvina yakaora iyo inogona kuwana munzvimbo ipi neipi yenzvimbo. Kwavari hakuna zvinogumira, nekuti kana vangowana mhuka yavanenge vagadzirira kuiravira nekunaka kwese.
Kakawanda, zvinonzi shiri idzi dzakangogadzirirwa kugadzira zvinhu zvakadai. Nokudaro, hurongwa hwayo hwekudya hune hutsika hunodiwa kuti huparadze zvokudya zvakakanyiwa, kureva kuti, yakaora inodya. Iyo Andean condor inodya inokwana matanhatu kana makirogiramu enyama. Sezvinongoita mavhiki matanhatu pasina kudyisa, izvi zvinoitika kana pasina chikafu nekukurumidza. Nechikonzero ichi inoonekwa seimwe yemhando dze Shiri dzinobvambura.
Andean condor nzvimbo
Nzvimbo iyo macondors anowanzogara achigara nguva dzose haawanzo mubvunzo uyo vazhinji vanoda kuziva, zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvakanaka nezvechokwadi ichi ruzivo rwatisingafaniri kufuratira.
Kazhinji condor inowanzozorora munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakanyanya, dzinodaidzwa kuti mawere. Imo ivo vanowana nyaradzo yakakwana yekuzorora uye kugara. Nzvimbo idzi dzinotodzipa dziviriro huru munguva yekunaya kwemvura, zvakatoonekwa kuti dzakachengetedzwawo nedzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzinokwanisa kuita mhuka dzinoparadza mhuka.
Zvizhinji zvezvitsuwa izvi zvinoshomeka mune dzimwe nguva, saka shiri dzakawanda dzerudzi urwu dzinowanzo kwikwidzana nenzvimbo, kunyanya idzo dzinopihwa chiedza chikuru chezuva. Izvi imhaka yokuti shiri hadzina nzvimbo yokuzororera yakadzikama, sezvo dzichigara dzichitama kubva panzvimbo imwe dzichienda pane imwe, zvikurukuru dzichitsvaka zvokudya, muchiitiko ichi chakaora.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanouya kuzokakavadzana pakati pavo dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanikwa kune nzvimbo iyo shiri idzi dzinosangana, sezvo dzakawanda dzadzo dzichigona kuonekwa nhamba huru yeshiri dziri pamwe chete, dzichitenderera pane dzimwe mhuka dzakagadzirira kudyiwa, saka Kusvika kushiri dzinosvika makumi maviri nenomwe. vakawanikwa pamwe chete vachibhururuka munzvimbo imwe chete iyo chero yakaora inowanikwa.
Kuberekerwa
Kuberekwa kweAndean condor inomiririra chinhu chisingazivikanwe nevakawanda, ndosaka muchikamu chino tichapa mamwe maidi achakubatsira iwe kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehunhu hweshiri iyi. Muzhinji, iyo condor inowanzove yakanyatso kusarudzwa nemumwe wayo, izvi zvinoreva kuti waakasarudzwa achave iye ega waachava naye kwehupenyu hwose.
Ichi ichokwadi chinonakidza chaizvo. Chete kana mumwe wevakaroorana akafa, condor ichaedza kutanga kutsvaga mumwe murume nomudzimai, zvisinei, kana izvi zvikasaitika, shiri haizove nechido chekuita chiito ichi.
Nezvekutenderera kwayo kubereka, tinogona kujekesa izvi kubva pakuita kusvirana, uye kusvika pakuzvarwa kwehuku dzakasiyana, kutenderera kunowanzo kuitika kweanenge makore matatu. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo Andean condor yave ichionekwa seimwe yeshiri dzinowanzoita yakaringana kuita incubation process maererano nekusiyana kweshiri dzese.
Kana iri nguva yekuberekwa kwehuku, inowanzogara kweinenge mwedzi miviri yekuvharirwa kwezai uye zvino inopa nzira yekuzvarwa kweshiri. Nhengo itsva yemhuri, kana iri chikamu chayo, inowanzochengetwa nehadzi nerume, kazhinji nhiyo inodya nyama muzvidimbu zvidiki zvakanyanya, kana yave nemwedzi mitanhatu yekuzvarwa nhiyo inotanga kubhururuka padyo kubva. dendere umo vabereki vanowanzoidzivirira kubva kune chero rudzi rwechikara.
Kana gore rekutanga rehupenyu rasvika, huku inonyanyo kwanisa kuita ndege refu nevabereki vayo vaviri. Kutenda kune maitiro evabereki vake, anowanzo kurekodha kunyangwe yakanyanya kukosha kufamba, obva azviita uye achidzokorora. Neiyi nzira nhiyo inodzidza uye inoshanda muzviito zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ezvinhu umo inokura.
Mushure menguva iyi, uye zvishoma kana kusvika makore maviri ehupenyu, shiri inowanzoita chikamu chemapoka makuru, ayo anosangana nawo kuti ararame uye adye zvakaora zvinowanikwa kana izvi zvaitika kune shiri. mapoka senhengo inoshingaira inouya kuzorwira chikafu kana akachiwana.
Nest
Dendere rinomiririra chinhu chakakosha kushiri idzi, sezvo mukati maro dzichikwanisa kuzvidzivirira, uye zvakare dzinochochonya nekuyamwisa vana vadzo. Ichi chimiro chinowanzo kuwanikwa panzvimbo dzakaoma, kunyanya pamatombo, nechinangwa chokuti matendere asakanganiswa nemhepo ine simba.
Dendere rine nzvimbo ine jecha kuzasi, ndiko kuti, chikuva, icho chinowanzoitwa neshiri pachadzo, padzinowanzo zorora, uye dzinopfurira vana vadzo, shiri idzi dzinowanzovaka maumbirwo ematendere adzo Nekuda kwemuromo wadzo. , izvo zvinovapa chimiro chavanoda, semakumbo avo, vanoitawo basa rinokosha mukugadzira imba. Ndivo varume vanowanzotora chikamu mukutsanangura kwayo.
Phylogeny
Ichi chikamu chine chekuita nekurongwa kwekondori yeAndes, iyo yaiwanzobatanidzwa nedzimwe mhuka (dzinonziwo shiri), zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti condor ine vazukuru vemamwe marudzi ehumbwa. Nekudaro, iyi data inofanirwa kuve yakadzama zvakanyanya. Chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho ndechokuti, kazhinji, kondori inowanzoratidza nharaunda yayo, kana kuti iyo yakabvumira kuvapo kwayo kuti iitwe munyika dzakasiyana-siyana muAmerica.
Kuparadzirwa
Muchikamu chino, tichave tichitaura zvishoma nezve kugovaniswa zviri pamutemo kwecondor, zvisinei muzvikamu zvakapfuura takakupa mamwe mashoko pamusoro peichi chokwadi. Takataura kakawanda kuti shiri iyi iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAmerica. Nyika zhinji dzichataurwa dzine nzvimbo yakakura ine nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinofarira shiri neimwe nzira.
Kana iri iyo, paivhu reVenezuela, iyo Andean condor inowanzonzi chimwe chinhu, nekuda kwevamwe zvizvarwa zvedzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika avo, mukumanikidzwa, vakasvika pakusangana nemhuka. Chokwadi chokuti mumarudzi akawanda adudzwa pamusoro apa vakaumba dzimwe ngano pamusoro pedzimwe tsika dzenhema dzinotanga nekondori.
Kufunga
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvemashura zvatinazvo kusvika zvino, chinonyanya kuoneka inyaya yekuti mune dzimwe nyika condor inonzi imhuka inoita kuti igadzirise masikirwo ayo painochembera, ichiedza kufa yobva yararama ichitsva. masimba ayo.
Shiri iyi, sezvatakambotaura pakutanga, inofananidzira mamwe maitiro akakodzera. Sesimba, kunyengetedza, dynamism, uye hungwaru hwepamusoro. Zvakare, ichi chinoshandiswa sechiratidzo chechimiro chakasiyana mumativi akasiyana, zvichienderana nemamiriro atiri kutaura nezvawo.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti iyi ishiri inonakidza chaizvo sezvo iine morphology yakakura, pane dzimwe nguva yakatorwa semhando yechiratidzo chekuda nyika, inoshandiswa uye yakagadzirirwa maererano netsika dzenyika dzakasiyana-siyana umo inozivikanwa.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kudzivirira shiri iyi kuti irege kuramba ichityisidzira, tichifunga kuti nyika dzakasiyana dzakagadzira mitemo yemagariro evanhu kuitira kuti pave neruzivo mairi pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwete kwekondori chete asi yeshiri mu. general..
CONCLUSIONS
Parizvino, kuedza kwakaitwa kufambisa nhamba huru yezvirongwa zvinobvumira uye kukurudzira zviito zvekuchengetedza shiri iyi, munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoreva kuti kune zvakawanda zvakaedza izvo imwe neimwe yenyika dzakaita. Tichifunga kuti marongero akagadzirirwa kuvandudza anonyatsofarira kuwanda uye kuvapo kweiyo condor.
Kune rumwe rutivi, imwe neimwe yenyika inogara mhuka iyi, yakaedza kuchengetedza mhuka, sezvo ichokwadi shiri iyo mune dzakawanda dzenharaunda idzodzo inokosha zvikuru pamasikirwo uye tsika, tichifunga kuti ine yakatorwawo seshiri yenyika.
Zvinotogona kuonekwa kuti rudzi urwu rweshiri rwaishandiswa sechiratidzo chinoratidzwa mune zvimwe zviratidzo zvenyika, zvakadai senhoo nemireza. Kuve munhu anonakidza chaizvo mune zvakawanda zveizvi zviratidzo zvenyika, zvichibva kunyika dzeSouth America.
Saizvozvowo, shiri imwe chete iyi ine rimwe simba rezvakavanzika uye mashura, izvo nekuda kwengano dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatengeswa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, shiri iyi yakatora kukosha kwakati, nekuda kwengano dzakasiyana dzinomuka zvakanyanya kubva kumatunhu mamwe maguta.
Neizvi, iyo condor yeAndes inotonyanya kufarirwa, uye kutarisirwa kwezvipenyu kunogadziridzwa nekuda kwemazinga matsva ekukosha ayo zuva rega rega rinotora rega. Hapana mubvunzo kuti iyi ishiri yechiratidzo uye ine gakava guru.
Kutenda kune mufananidzo uri pamusoro. Tasvika kumagumo echinyorwa chedu, tichitarisira kuti wawana ruzivo rwakakwana nezve hunhu hunoshamisa hweshiri iyi yechiratidzo. Tichifunga kuti nzira yatakakupa iwe nezve pekugara, chikafu, kukosha, morphology uye nezvimwe, ndeyekuda kwako kwakakwana.