Imwe yemhando dzinonyanya kudiwa uye dzinovhimwa munyika ndeye ma dolphin, pane ino chiitiko tichataura nezve idzi mhuka dzemugungwa, maitiro avo, zvishoma nezve echolocation, kubereka kwavanobereka, panguva ipi yavanoda kuita kudaro, kuti ma dolphin ari sei. vakazvarwa uye zvese zvine chekuita nekuzvarwa kwavo, zvavanodya uye pakupera iwe uchadzidza zvimwe zvekuda kuziva nezve idzi dzakanaka, dzakangwara uye dzinodyidzana mhuka.
Chii chinonzi Dolphins?
Delphinidae ndiye dolphin sainzi zita iyo inonziwo oceanic dolphin, inoonekwa seodontocete cetaceans. Iyo infraorder yecetaceans inosanganisira iyo yose mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzine placenta dzinogara mugungwa, mhuri yose iyi ine miviri yakaita se-spindle inovabvumira kuva hydrodynamic kupfuura dzimwe hove.
Zvakare, cetaceans ndeyekurongeka Artiodactyla, suborder whippormopha uye kirasi yema dolphin mammalia. Kana iri kupatsanurwa kwe "odontocetes", izvi zvinobva parvorder mukati mecetaceans inoratidza avo vane mazino pane baleen.
Zvinokwanisika kuvaona pamahombekombe uye munzvimbo idzo dzavanowanzo onekwa pane kudyidzana nevanhu, hukama hwavo nevanhu huri pedyo. Tichifunga kuti ma dolphin ane huvepo mune ngano uye ngano, senge Ngano dzechiGiriki uko kwakaratidzirwa kuti idzi mhuka dzaichimbova varume uye dzakachinjwa kuva ma dolphin naDionysus.
Mhuka dzemugungwa idzi dzinoshandisa ruzha kukurukura nevamwe, pamwe nekutamba nekusvetuka nezvinangwa zvakafanana uye kufamba kana kuvhima. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pamusoro pema dolphin nedzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa ndechokuti vanoshandisa echolocation kutaurirana uye kutsvaga.
Echolocation ndiyo nzira iyo ma dolphin anogona kudzidza nezve nharaunda yaari uye nzvimbo dziri kure kubva kwavari kuburikidza nemanzwi aanoburitsa nekugona uku. Vanodudzirawo maungira anogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakavapoteredza.
Ma<em>dolphin nema<em>whale zvakaonekwa zvichikwanisa kushandisa maungira mushure mekunge zviremwaremwa zvawanikwa zvichiita izvi nekuburitsa maungira uye nekugamuchira maungira. Muchidimbu, uku ndiko kubuda kweruzha rwunobhururuka kubva pachinhu uye kuburitsa maungira anosvika panobva ruzha rwepakutanga (dolphin, bat, whale, nezvimwewo)
Kunyange zvakadaro, maungira aya haasviki mhuka dzose dzine simba rakafanana, kana panguva imwe chete kana kuti nenhamba imwe chete, tichifunga kuti kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakavapoteredza uye zvinoputika inzwi rinobudiswa. Musiyano wemaungira unoonekwa nekuti mhuka dzinoita maungira dzine nzeve mbiri uye izvi ndizvo zvinovabvumira kuti vadzorere mupfungwa dzavo nzvimbo iyo zvinhu zviri, chinhambwe chiri pakati pazvo uye zvakafanana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
La njere yezvipenyu izvi chimwe chinhu hunhu hwayo uye kuti kwemakore akashanda kumiririra iyi inoshamisa mhuri yemugungwa, ivo vakadzidza uye kukura kwetsika yavo kwakawanikwa, muenzaniso weizvi ndiko kuwanikwa kwaFlemming Nic muAustralia, uyo akaita. basa rekuferefeta rinoratidza kuti ma dolphin aiendesa ruzivo kubva kuna amai kuenda kuvanasikana nezve mashandisirwo emidziyo yekudyisa.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kukakavara uye hutsinye huripo, kunyange zvazvo zvisingaoneki sezviri mune mamwe marudzi akadai El Tigre, Chokwadi izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekukwikwidza kwevakadzi kana kunetsana pakati pevarume kune zvimwe zvinhu.
Pakati pezvimwe zvezviitiko izvo ma dolphin akatungamirirwa kuita isu tine show, kwavanodzidziswa kuita acrobatics, aerial pirouettes, kufamba nemiswe yavo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu mumapaki emvura uye zoo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunyanzvi hwavainahwo hwekusvetuka uye nehungwaru hwavanoratidza.
MaDolphin akaonekwawo achiita mabasa echiuto akadai sekuona zvimbambaira uye kuchengetedza mugungwa kwekuisa mauto, pamwe nekupamba. Izvi zvinoonekwa muchirongwa chave chiripo kubva kuma60 muUnited States uye haingobatanidzi ma dolphin chete, asiwo mahova anouraya enhema, mawhale anouraya, pilot whales, pakati pedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa.
Zvichida chiitiko chakanyanya kuda kuziva ndechekubata hove nevanhu: muguta reLaguna - Brazil, vanhu vanoita mutsara wevabati vehove nemagwa padyo nemahombekombe, kana ma dolphin aita chitarisiko nekudzingirira hove kuvarume ndiko kuti kuredza kunotanga.
Havadyidzane nekuredza kwevanhu chete, asiwo nedzimwe mhuka dzakaita semapenguin nemashearwaters, izvi mushure mekuvhara mhuka dzadzo kuitira kuti dzidyiwe dzichichinjana.
Zviratidzo
- Dzinokwanisa kuyera kubva pamamita maviri kusvika pamapfumbamwe kureba asi paavhareji dzine urefu hwemamita 3,5
- Ivo vanogara mumapoka eanopfuura 1000 ma dolphin nekuti imhuka dzinoshamwaridzana, izvi zvinovatendera kuti vagadzire zvisungo zvakasimba nevamwe vanhu zvinoratidzwa mukuchengeta uye kuperekedza mamwe ma dolphin kune vamwe vakakuvara.
- Dzinogona kuita kurira kwakasiyana-siyana nemasaga emhepo emumhino pazasi peburi rinofuridza, zvakadai semuridzo, kudzvanya (ne maungira), uye kuputika kwemanzwi asingadiwi. Matinya avanoburitsa anogona kusvika 1000 sekondi yega yega.
- Murusununguko vanogona kushambira nekumhanya kwemakiromita anopfuura makumi matatu paawa, chiratidzo chekumhanya kwavo kukuru. Pakutuhwina dzinouyawo pamusoro kuzofema kaviri kana katatu paminiti yega yega.
- Bottlenose dolphin imhuka ine humwe huchenjeri hukuru mu animalia.
- Dolphin inogona kurarama pakati pemakore makumi matatu nemakumi matanhatu, zvese zvinoenderana nerudzi rwema dolphin, ma dolphin ane mitsetse ndiwo anorarama kwenguva yakareba kupfuura bhodhoro kana bhodhoro.
dolphin kubereka
Usati waziva kuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei kupindura mubvunzo nezve Ma dolphin anoberekana sei? Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti mhuka idzi hadzina kunyanya kubereka, hadzi hadzina vana vakawanda, kunyange zvazvo dzichiita zvepabonde kakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe ivo vane libidious zvakanyanya ivo havana kubereka uye vakawedzerwa kune kuti vanogona kubatwa hove kana vanogona kutambura nezvinetso nekuda kwekusvibiswa, izvo zvisingavatenderi kuwedzera zvakanyanya.funga nhamba yako.
Vanoita bonde kwete kungoberekana chete, ndosaka vachihura, vanoita zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana siyana zvepabonde zvekungonakidzwa, sevanhu nemaprimates, muenzaniso wekupedzisira ungave Gorilla remakomo. Zvisinei, vanoita izvi kana vasvika pakukura pabonde, zvinova pavanenge vava nemakore mashanu kana manomwe.
Varume vanosvika pakukura pamberi pehadzi uye ndivo vane simba kupfuura ivo. Kana kuri kusvirana, ma dolphin anotanga apfimba, varume vanosvika mushure mekunge vapfimbana izvo zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutuhwina dzakatenderedza hadzi, izvi zvinogona kuita semitambo yepasi pemvura asi ndiyo tsika yekusvirana.
Mushure mekunge azvigamuchira kuti aroorwe, anoregedza murume achiunza nhengo yake nemachende padyo nebeche ravanaro, vobva vaunza matumbu avo pedyo voita kusvirana mushure mekuita bonde, ipapo hurongwa hunotsanangura kuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei. .
Kana ma dolphin maviri emhando dzakasiyana dzinenge dzemhando imwe chete dzechikadzi dzichienda kumurume, dzinodanwa hybridization, Muenzaniso weiyi mawhale, ari musanganiswa pakati pewhale yenhema yemhondi kana black killer whale nebottlenose dolphin, saka vane mazino makumi matanhatu nematanhatu (nhamba yepakati pakati pehuwandu hwemazino evabereki vavo). MaHybrids anowanzo kubereka, asi ma balfin anobereka.
mwaka wekubereka
Vanoita bonde kakawanda zvisinei nenguva yegore, zvisinei kuti vabereke vanoda chirimo kana chirimo (mwaka inodziya). Vanozviitawo munzvimbo dzine mwero dzegungwa. Kuberekana kwema dolphin aya kuita zvepabonde kungofanana nekwevanhu, ndiko kuti, kuburikidza nekubatana uye kubereka vanoberekana.
Vanhukadzi havagoni kunzi vane mwaka wekusvirana, nyangwe zvazvo vasinganyanyi kuita zvepabonde pane varume. Chero zvazvingave, vanogona kuvhuvhuta pakati pekaviri nekanomwe pagore, izvi, sehupenyu hwehupenyu, zvinoenderana nemhando mukati memhuri ye dolphin. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva yaro yekubereka inowanzova pakati pemwaka wechirimo neyematsutso.
Gestation period
Kana urume huchiitika, kubata pamuviri kunotanga, kunotora mwedzi gumi nemiviri kumwana wedolphin ari mudumbu raamai vake, kunyange zvazvo inogona kureba zvichienderana nerudzi. Munguva iyi, vanaamai vanodya zvokudya zvakawanda kuti mwana ari mudumbu akure pasina zvinetso uye kuti mukaka wavo wamazamu wakanakira kuudyisa mumwedzi yokutanga.
Vanaamai verudzi rwemabhodhoro ma dolphin vanowanzoenda kunzvimbo dzinodziya dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya vasati vazvara uye ndiko kwavanozviita, zvino iwe uchaziva kuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei.
Kuberekwa
Kana nguva yekuzvitakura yapera, uchaona kuti ma dolphin anoberekwa sei: kutanga abudisa muswe uye ozobuda zvachose, rukuvhute rwemhuka idzi haruna kuchengetwa asi runoputsika apo fetus inobuda. Panguva yavanozvarwa vanosimuka pamusoro kuti vafemere.
Zvinotora nguva yakadii kuchechenya? Izvi zvinogona kutora maminetsi makumi mana kana awa, asi zvinogonawo kutora nguva yakareba (maawa matatu). Panguva yese iyi pane njodzi inotyisa nekuti hadzi dzinorasikirwa neropa rakawanda, izvo zvinodana zvikara zvinogona kuvhima nekumudya iye nevana vayo.
Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti mamwe ma dolphin ari sei panguva ino yekuzvarwa, anomubatsira uye mushure mekuchengetedza kuti ma dolphin anoberekwa sei, mamwe anopoteredza mukadzi sechimiro chekudzivirira. Saizvozvowo, dzimwe hadzi dzinosvika panguva yekusununguka kuti dzibatsire amai panguva yekusununguka.
Ichi chimwe chiratidzo chehungwaru hwavo uye hunhu hwavo hwekushamwaridzana, izvo zvinovatungamira kuti vabatsirane kana vari mumapoka. Madolphin imhuka dzine runyararo uye dzinotamba kwete nevanhu chete asi nemamwe ma dolphin, emhando ipi neipi. Ehe, ivo vanoshinga kurwisa zvikara uye vanogona kuve nehasha kuzvidzivirira ivo nemamwe ma dolphin muboka.
Kuziva vangani vacheche vanogona kuita ma dolphin vatsvakurudzi vakacherechedza rudzi urwu kwemakore, kuti vaone kuti vane mwana mumwe chete makore maviri kana matatu oga oga. Hazvigoneki kuti vane mafetus maviri mukati mavo, vanogona kuramba vachirasikirwa nemwana, vanogona kuzvarwa vakafa, nezvimwe.
Vana vachangozvarwa vanogona kuyera mita kana mita nechidimbu kureba, zvisinei, uye vanogona kuyera pakati pemakumi matatu nemakumi mana emakirogiramu. Zvose zvinoenderana nemhando, nokuti dolphin yakakura inogonawo kuyera 30 kilograms.
Nguva yekugara ye dolphin naamai vayo
Mukudyiswa kwema dolphin tinoona kuti anogamuchira mukaka wezamu, izvi zvinoreva kuti anofanira kuva naamai vavo mumwedzi yekutanga kuti ararame. Iyi inonzi nguva yekuyamwisa uye inotora mwedzi gumi nembiri kana kaviri kureba mushure mezvose zvatakaona pamusoro pekuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei. Kunyange zvakadaro, ma dolphin anogona kugara pakati pemakore matatu kana matanhatu naamai vawo kunyangwe nguva yekuyamwisa yapera.
Mumakore aya pane imwe nzira yekudzidza inovabvumira kudzidza kushambira nekukurumidza, kushamwaridzana nemamwe madolphin, kuzviwanira zvekudya uye kuvhima mhuka dzadzo nemaitiro akasiyana aanowanzo kushandisa. Munguva iyi haisi iyo nyaya yekuti vana dolphin vanogara vachigara naamai vavo, dzimwe nguva vanogona kuvasiya vari voga kuitira kuti vadzidze kuva mumwe nomumwe nemamwe ma dolphin.
Chinangwa ndechekuvadzidzisa kuzvimiririra uye kuti vararame vasina amai vavo parutivi rwavo, kunyange zvazvo ma dolphin achiwanikwa ari mumapoka, rimwe nerimwe rawo rinogona kuvhima rimwe nerimwe. Mamiriro ezvinhu umo ma dolphin anoita zviitiko zvakabatanidzwa zvakare akakosha kwazvo, imhaka yehunhu uhu kuti ivo vakasiyana uye vane hungwaru mhuka.
Zvokudya
Kuva mhuka dzinoyamwisa, vana ma dolphin vanodya mukaka wezamu kwemwedzi yekutanga yekuvapo kwavo kusvika vasvika gore rimwe chete, vobva vatanga kudya hove kana squid. Zvadaro, zvichienderana nezera ravo, vane zvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sehove dzinorema makirogiramu mashanu uye pasi, octopus, molluscs kana mhuka dzomugungwa dzakafanana muhukuru kune dzakataurwa.
Nzira dzekuvhima dzadzo dzinobva pakudzingirirana vachishandisa kumhanya kwadzo, kusvika pakushandisa echolocation kuwana mhuka yakavigwa mujecha, ivo vanowanzoda kukona mhuka dziri kumahombekombe, dzichitora mukana kana masaisai auya kuzodzivhima. Chimiro chekuvhima chinoonekwawo muFlorida uko madhongi emabhodhoro akatenderedza mullet nemaketeni ematope kuti avabate.
Imwe nzira yekuvhima nayo ndeyekuisa makona mapoka ehove, asi izvi zvinoitwa kana dziri mumapakiti kana kuti nekunyangira mhuka yadzinenge yabata nekuibvisa pachiyero nekurova mazaya echando, nzira dzinosiyana zvichienderana nemhuka yadzichavhima. Mamwe masayendisiti akawana mhedziso pamusoro pekushandiswa kwe echolocation uye kubuda kwemanzwi kuuraya mhuka diki kuburikidza neacoustic shock.
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti ruzivo rudiki runoitwa nezve kubereka uye kuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei, musango hazvina kukwanisika kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda uye ndosaka zvese zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pavo zvinoenderana nenguva yehupenyu hwavo mumapaki emvura. muutapwa nomumadziva efundo.
Pamusoro peizvozvo, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwuri kubvunzwa, sezvataona mukati meiyi post. Bottlenose ma dolphin ndiwo akadzidzwa zvakanyanya, izvo hazvireve kuti ndiwo anozivikanwa zvakanyanya, nekuti mhondi whale, ma dolphin nedzimwe mhuka dzakangofanana. Izvo zvishoma zvakaonekwa zvakaratidza kuti pane kusiyana kwemaitiro avo kana vari muhusungwa uye kana vari musango.
Chero zvazvingava, zvinozivikanwa kuti kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunobvumira nzvimbo yakawanda yemvura kuti ifukidzwe, mhuka dzakawanda dzinogona kuzivikanwa, data rakawanda rinogona kuwanikwa pamusoro pekuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei uye ruzivo rwakawanda runogona kuwanikwa nezve maitiro avo murusununguko, izvo zvechokwadi. kupfuura zvakaonekwa muzvidzidzo zvema dolphin akatapwa.
Curiosities
Isu taona kuti ma dolphin anozvarwa sei uye kubereka kwaanoita ikozvino tichanyora zvimwe zvinonakidza chokwadi kuti iwe udzidze zvishoma nezvawo.
8 chokwadi chekuziva nezve ma dolphin
- Mhuka idzi dzinorara kunyangwe dziri muchadenga dzichifamba nguva dzose nekuda kwemafungu egungwa, kunyangwe zvakadaro dzinozviita nekudimbura hafu yehuropi hwadzo kuti dzizorore uye panguva imwe chete dzinogara dzakangwarira kuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvikara zvakaita se. Shark kana kutyisidzira kwakavapoteredza.
- Dzinoonekwa kumahombekombe nekuti ndiko kwadzinofarira kushambira, dzinofarira mvura isina kudzika munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa uye anodziya.
- La hydroplaning Zvinoitwa nerudzi urwu gore rega rega kuti zvibve mumwaka umo mamiriro ekunze anoita kuti mvura itonhore, panguva yekutama uku vanogona kushambira nekumhanya kunodarika makiromita makumi mashanu nemana paawa.
- Echolocation inovabvumira kuona kubva pamamita makumi matatu kana chinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi, plastiki kana huni, pamwe chete vanogona kuona manzwiro ekurira ayo mamwe ma dolphin anogamuchira kuziva izvo "zvavanoona" ne echolocation yavo.
- Kune vanopfuura zviuru zviviri vakatapwa ma dolphin mumapaki emvura uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune anenge mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe musango, vachiziva kuti mhuri yavo inosanganisira marudzi akawanda.
- Pamwe chete nekugona kwavo kuita maungira, vanonakidzwa nekunzwa kwakakudziridzwa, kusiyanisa manzwi kubva kune akasiyana zvinhu.
- Ungwaru hwavo hunova pachena pavanodzidziswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva nemanomano matsva, pavanodyidzana nevanhu, panoonekwa hunhu hwavo, pavanoona mazvarirwo anoitwa ma<em>dolphin, pavanodzidza nhamba yemanzwi avanobudisa uye hurongwa hwakaoma kunzwisisa hwaanoita. gadzira.yekutaurirana.
- Takamboratidza kuti "vanodzima" hafu yehuropi hwavo, zvinoda kuziva kuti kana vakarara vanochengeta ziso rimwe rakavhurika uye rimwe rakavhara.
Mhuri Delphinidae
Kwete chete ma dolphin akajairika ari chikamu chemhuri iyi, iyi mhando ine nhengo dzinoverengeka mukati maro uye yakakamurwa kuva murume kana mukadzi, inokwanisa kusiyanisa imwe dolphin kubva kune imwe nemaitiro ayo emuviri. Idzi ndidzo nhengo dzemhuri iyi:
- common pilot whale
- short-finned pilot whale
- Coastal (yemhuri yeSotalia)
- Narrow-beaked stunt dolphin
- Long-beaked stunt dolphin
- Antarctic dolphin
- Heinsohn's beluga dolphin
- Irrawaddy river beluga dolphin
- Burrunan dolphin
- coastal common dolphin
- oceanic common dolphin
- akayambuka dolphin
- atlantic dolphin
- melon-headed dolphin
- Fraser's dolphin
- Heaviside's Dolphin
- Hector's Dolphin
- white beaked dolphin
- Risso's dolphin
- Indo-Pacific Dolphin
- pacific dolphin
- Tropical mavara kana akagadzikwa dolphin
- Atlantic humpback dolphin
- mitsetse dolphin
- Atlantic yakaona dolphin
- tropical spotted dolphin
- southern finless dolphin
- bottlenose dolphin
- dolphin yakasviba
- Hong Kong pink dolphin
- northern Finless dolphin
- false killer whale
- common killer whale
- pygmy killer whale
- Chilean dolphin
- tonina pamusoro
- tucuxi
