Muchikamu chino, tinokudzidzisa mari yekudyara inoshanda sei. Nekudaro, usati wanyura mumusoro wenyaya, unofanirwa kuziva zvakakosha zvinokubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti zvinoshanda sei.
Pamwe mukutsvaga kwako sarudzo dzekuwedzera purofiti yako, ungangodaro wakanzwa nezvekutora chikamu muhomwe yekudyara, zvisinei, unoziva here kuti chii?
Chekutanga, chii chinonzi investment fund?
Chaizvoizvo, homwe yekudyara chimbo chemari chinobvumira kuchengetedza; asi, unofanira kuziva kuti kubata kwayo kunoenda mberi zvishoma. Panyaya dzemari, iCollective Investment Institution (CII), iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane musika wekutsinhana kwemari (securities, fixed income, shares, pakati pevamwe) pasi pemamiriro akanaka kwazvo.
Aya akaunganidzwa ekudyara masangano masangano ehunyanzvi anoita basa rekukwezva nekubata mari yehuwandu hukuru hwevanoponesa, vachiitora yakawanda uye kutsvaga mubairo wepamusoro kuburikidza nekushanda mumisika yemari, uko vanoponesa, ivo pachavo, vangave vasina mamiriro ezvinhu. kutora chikamu mune izvi.
Nenzira iyi, inotsvaga kusiyanisa mari yevanochengetedza nenzira inoshanda. Naizvozvo, aya akaunganidzwa masangano ekudyara anozoona nguva dzese kuti aongorore kutora chikamu mumisika zvichienderana nenjodzi uye mazinga ekudzoka anotsvakwa nevaisiri mari.
Muchidimbu, homwe yekudyara ndiyo mudziyo watinova nawo vatori vechikamu, ndiko kuti, tinoisa mari yakawanda mukutsinhanisa imwe nhamba yezvikamu zvehomwe. Izvi zvichatiunzira kudzoka zvinoenderana nemusika wazvinopindirana uye zvichave zvakananga kuenzanirana nehuwandu hwedu hwekutora chikamu.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva mamwe mazano, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu pane chii a Investment portfolio, kuwedzera ruzivo rwako nezve maturusi emari.
Iyo Management Kambani uye iyo Depository Entity
Zvimwe zvinhu zvatinofanira kujeka pamusoro pazvo inhamba dzinokosha pakushanda kwemari idzi. Pakati pavo isu tine manejimendi kambani uye iyo depositary entity.
Iyo Management Company
Homwe yemari seyakadaro, haina hunhu hwepamutemo. Naizvozvo, zvine chekuita nemusika wemari kuburikidza nekambani manejimendi. Iri imhando yekambani inoongorora uye kutora sarudzo dzekudyara kwemari inopihwa pamwe chete nevachengeti.
Saizvozvo, iyo manejimendi kambani inotarisira kuita manejimendi uye anomiririra mabasa evanoisa mari mumusika wemari, saka, vanosungirwa kuzivisa nezvemhando yekudyara kwega kwega homwe uye nekupa tarisiro yehunhu hwayo. Nenzira yakazara, isu tinotsanangura iwo makuru mabasa eiyo investment fund management kambani:
- Sezvatakambotaura, chikuru ndechekutonga nekumiririra IIC.
- Tonga mari yemasavha panzvimbo yevatatu.
- Ipai zano rezvemari kuCollective Investment Institution munyaya dzehomwe uye mukupihwa kwekuiswa kwayo.
- Verenga iyo Net Asset Kukosha kwehomwe, zuva nezuva uye zivisa IIC.
- Rondedzera nguva nenguva pamusoro pemaitiro ehomwe, purofiti yayo uye chero shanduko yakaitika, pamwe nesarudzo dzakakodzera dzakatorwa.
- Shambadzira zuva rega rega purofiti yehomwe yehomwe, pamwe chete nereshiyo inoenderana nemari.
Isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti iyo manejimendi kambani haizivikanwe uye nekudaro haipindure kune zvayanofarira, izvo zvinoita kuti iwedzere kuzvimiririra uye yakazvimirira musarudzo dzayo.
Iyo Depository Entity
Depository entity inhengo inochengetedza. Munhu ari pamutemo kana sangano rinochengetedza mazita, zvibatiso uye marudzi ese ezviridzwa zvemari zvinoumba midziyo yemasangano ekudyara mari.
Sezvatinoona, dhipoziti inomiririra rudzi rwekuchengetedza uko midziyo yemusika wemari inoiswa, inotungamirirwa uye inotariswa; saka, ivo vane basa rekuunganidza kwezvipo, zvikamu uye zvikomborero zvingamuka, pamwe chete nekutenga nekutengesa kwezvivimbiso. Kuti uite izvi, inobhadharisa mari yekuchengeta.
Masangano aya anodzorwa nemasangano ane ruzivo rwemari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mubatanidzwa wedhipoziti unofanirwa kuve nevimbiso yekupihwa mvumo zvakafanira mushure mekuzadzisa zvakatevedzana zvemutemo zvinochengetedza zvido zvevanochengeta kana vanoisa mari, sangano redhipoziti rinozadzisa, pakati pemamwe mabasa, kunyanya anotevera:
- Chengetedza zvinzvimbo zvevatengi zvinoenderana nemazuva ano.
- Nenguva zivisai investor kana saver nezve mashandiro anoda mvumo yavo.
- Bvumira nzvimbo yacho kushandisa kodzero dzakabva mukuve nemazita ari muusungwa hwavo.
- Zivisai ruzivo rwune chekuita nekushanda kweakaundi yemutengi.
- Zivisa kodzero dzazvinoitika, pamwe chete nezvisungo izvo mutengi anofanira kuzadzisa.
Homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei?
Kana tangoongorora pfungwa dzakapfuura uye nhamba dzakakosha dzinotora chikamu mazviri, tichatsanangura pazasi kuti homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei. Pamberi, tinogona kutaura kuti iri nyore.
Paunosarudza kutora chikamu muhomwe yekudyara, uri kutora chikamu chidiki chepotfolio yayo. Rangarira kuti masangano ekudyara akaungana anodzora capital yenhamba huru yevasevha uye imwe neimwe yadzo inowana chikamu cheiyo portfolio.
Izvi zvikamu zvidiki, kana zvikamu, zvinoshanda semasheya ekambani kana coupon yebhondi. Ndiko kuti, inomiririra chikamu chezvikamu zvese zvinoumba iyo capital capital uye chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi zvehomwe inotungamirwa. kutora chikamu.
Ehe, kutora chikamu uku kune huwandu kana kukosha kunosiyana zuva nezuva uye iyo iyo manejimendi ine basa. Kotesheni iyi kana kukosha ndiyo inonzi Net Asset Value yeFund uye, mumashoko mashoma, ndiwo mutengo wemugove panguva yakatarwa.
Kuti tiratidze hukama hwekutora chikamu net net asset value yehomwe, ngatitii muenzaniso unotevera: kana tikafunga kuisa 750 euros uye tova vatori vechikamu muhomwe yekudyara, iyo iyo mambure easset kukosha i50 euros, isu tinozogamuchira. huwandu hwezvikamu gumi neshanu kubva kumashure ikoko.
Kana iri portfolio
Sezvaungaona, homwe yekudyara kazhinji ine portfolio yezviridzwa zvemari. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti capital inowanzo kupihwa kune akasiyana zviridzwa kuitira kuderedza njodzi dzekudyara.
Iyi portfolio inonyanya kugadzirwa, pakati pezvimwe, yemasheya ekambani, midziyo yemari, migove yekuwana mari yakatarwa uye kunyange mabhondi echikwereti cheSpanish cheveruzhinji kana musanganiswa wezvose zvinoenderana negwaro rakagadzwa nehomwe yekudyara.
Kuve mutori wechikamu muhomwe, kambani yekutungamira inotora mari uye inowedzera kune homwe nekudyara mune zvemari zviridzwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Mupfungwa iyi, huwandu hwemari iri muhomwe, zvese zviri mumvura uye nenzira yekudyara, inoumba midziyo nemidziyo yehomwe. Pamwe chete, zvinhu zviviri izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti homwe yemari.
Kana tikaisa mari muhomwe, tinogashira kutora chikamu muchikamu chidiki cheiyo portfolio. Muchiitiko chakareruka uye chekufungidzira, ngatitii isu tafunga kuisa zana remaeuro muhomwe yekudyara uko midziyo yayo i100 euros yezvinhu muBBVA (1.000.000%) neCaixabank (30%) shares. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, pane zvakaiswa mari, tine makumi matatu emaeuro muzvikamu zveBBVA uye makumi maviri emaeuro muCaixabank shares.
The Fund's Valuation
Isu takaona kuti mari yekudyara chinhu chakanakisa chekudyara mari yedu. Saizvozvo, isu tinokwanisa kutora chikamu kuburikidza nemari iyi yekudyara, mumisika yatisingakwanise kuzviita isu pachedu.
Naizvozvo, chero munhu anogona kudyidzana muhomwe yekudyara, kungave nekuwana migove kuburikidza nekutenga kwavo kana nekuvatengesa.
Kutengwa kwemashares uku kunonzi kunyoresa, ukuwo kutengeswa kwemashares kunonzi rudzikinuro. Kudyidzana uku nenzira imwe kana imwe kune kukanganisa kwakananga pamidziyo yehomwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ichachinja zvichienderana nekunaka kwekunyoreswa kana kudzikinurwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo midziyo iyo iyo homwe inodyara inopa yakasikwa oscillations yekufamba kwemisika yemari uye izvo zvinogona kuita zvakanaka kana zvakaipa kukanganisa kuenzana uye nekudaro, kukosha kwayo kweasiti.
Hunhu hwehomwe yemari
Kuziva kuti homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei hakuna kukwana kuti uve nechokwadi chekubudirira kwemari. Iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti mari yekudyara ine mabhenefiti akakosha uye mabhenefiti kune vadiki vanoita mari mukupesana nekudyara kwavaigona kuita kuburikidza nemamwe marudzi ezviridzwa ega.
Aya mabhenefiti ndiwo maitiro makuru erudzi urwu rwekudyara. Pakati pezvizhinji, tinogona kunyora mashanu makuru uye anogona mabhenefiti:
A Professional Management
Muridzi anogona kuvimba nechokwadi chakakwana chekuti mari yakaiswa naye inotungamirwa nevanoongorora nyanzvi uye nyanzvi munzvimbo yezvemari.
Ava vamiririri vane ruzivo rwekutanga-ruoko nezve maitiro emari emisika. Izvi zvinoumba chinhu chekufarira kukuru pakuita sarudzo dzine chinangwa chekuwana mabhenefiti makuru.
Greater profitability
Nekuva nenyanzvi munzvimbo dzemisika yemari, kune hukuru hukuru hwekuwana mibairo yepamusoro kubva mukudyara kudiki kwakaitwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo manejimendi kambani inoziva shanduko uye zvido zvemisika yekudyara.
immediate liquidity
Kudyara mari kuburikidza nemari iyi kutengeserana kuri nyore kuburikidza nekunyoreswa kana kudzikinurwa kwemasheya, sezvo vaine mapuratifomu etekinoroji echinangwa ichi.
Kuderedza njodzi
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekudyara mukati meinvestment fund portfolio, njodzi yekudyara inoderedzwa. Pamusoro peizvi, mari iyi inobvumira kuwanikwa kune zvakasiyana siyana zvemidziyo zvinonetsa kuwana mumwe nemumwe.
mashoko echokwadi
Iyo manejimendi kambani inosungirwa kupa vatori vechikamu ruzivo rwenguva uye nguva nenguva nezve maitiro ehomwe yekudyara. Nezve mamiriro enhaka uye sarudzo dzakaitwa.
Ruzivo rwunofanirwa kupihwa neinvestment fund kune vatori vechikamu
Kana tangoziva mashandiro anoita homwe yekudyara, isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti iyo manejimendi kambani inosungirwa kugara ichipa ruzivo nezve maitiro ehomwe, purofiti yayo uye chero shanduko yakaitika, pamwe nesarudzo dzakakodzera dzakatorwa. . Tinogona kutsanangura izvi:
Periodic mishumo
Zvingave zvepagore, semi-pagore kana kota, iyo manejimendi kambani inofanirwa kutumira yega yega investor ruzivo nezve mashandisiro uye mabatirwo emidziyo inoumba portfolio uye kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvehomwe kusvika parizvino, pakati pemamwe dhata rekufarira kwemari. .
Background position inoti
Iyo manejimendi kambani inofanirwa kuburitsa, kanenge gore rega rega, shumo pamusoro pekutora chikamu kwemuridzi muhomwe uye chinzvimbo chayo maererano nemari inoiswa mariri. Ichi ndicho chigadzirwa chekunyoreswa kana kudzikinurwa kunoitika panguva yekudyara muhomwe.
Core notices
Nekufamba kwenguva, mugovani anofanira kuziviswa nezve musiyano kana shanduko dzinofanirwa kuitika kana kuti dzakaitwa muhomwe nenzira yakakodzera. Izvi, kuitira kuti vanoisa mari vave neruzivo rwakakwana runovatendera kushandisa kana kuti kwete kodzero yavo yekubuda muhomwe yekudyara.
Mamwe mashoko ekufarira kwemari
Pakati peaya data, tinogona kutaura izvo zvinonyanya kufarirwa kune investor, senge zvemari marongero ehomwe yekudyara, zvinangwa zvayo, nhanho yenjodzi yezviridzwa, nhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka, purofiti inotarisirwa, mari nemakomisheni, pakati. vamwe, kwenguva yakati.
Bhurocha
Izvo zvakakosha kuti manejimendi kambani iunze prospectus yehomwe. Iyo prospectus ishanduro yakapfava yegwaro rezvemari rehomwe yekudyara uye nemirau yayo. Pamusoro pezvo, igwaro rakakosha kuve nerumbidzo yeNational Securities Market Commission (CNMV).
Iri bhurocha rinofanirwa kudonongodza ruzivo nezve mashandiro uye mashandiro ehomwe yekudyara, mamaneja, vimbiso yekudzoka, pamwe nenguva yekutarisa kwekudyara uye huwandu hwenjodzi. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo rwekambani manejimendi uye iyo depositary entity.
Zvinhu zvakakosha paunenge uchiongorora kuti homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei
Paunenge uchidyara mune ichi chiridzwa chemari, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu zvinozoita kuti unzwisise zvirinani kuti homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei. Izvi zvinoona kuti zvakakunakira sei kuti uenderere mberi nekudyara. Isu tinotsanangura pasi apa:
Nguva yenguva yekudyara
Iyo nguva yekudyara ndiyo nguva iyo mutori wechikamu angave achida kuchengetedza mari yake muhomwe yekudyara, asingatarisire nzira yekudzoserwa kune zvimwe zvinangwa.
Iri izwi rinofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nechigadzirwa chekudyara. Panyaya yeidzi mari dzakavimbiswa dzekudyara, pane inokurudzirwa horizon. Kana iwe ukatendeukira kukubhadhara nekukurumidza, panogona kunge paine chirango chinoshandura kuita dissuasive komisheni, nekuti inogona kukanganisa tarisiro yemhindu uye vimbiso isingashande. Muchidimbu, zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa.
Mwengo wengozi
Mutori wechikamu anofanirwa kufunga nezve mazinga enjodzi dzinomuka zvichienderana nechimiro chehomwe, kune zviridzwa zvemari zvinomiririra njodzi yakakura kana ichienzaniswa nevamwe, nekuda kweizvi, tarisiro yekuwana purofiti inogara ichienderana nezvikamu zve. njodzi yepamusoro. Kana mutori wechikamu akasarudza kuderedza njodzi dzekudyara kwake, anofanira kusiya chikamu chekudzoka.
Mari Zvinangwa
Vatori vechikamu vanofanirwa kufunga kuti mari yekudyara haina zvinangwa. Izvi, sezvo vari mari yakavimbiswa. Kana iwe ukadyara muhomwe inotsvaga pundutso sechinangwa chayo, unofanirwa kufunga kuti mhedzisiro inotsamira pane manejimendi uye sarudzo yekambani yekutarisira uye maitiro emisika yemari.
Nhamba yemakomisheni
Chimwe chezvinhu zvekuongorora kana uchiziva kuti homwe yekudyara inoshanda sei zvinoenderana nekubhadharwa kwemakomisheni ekutungamira, dhipoziti, kunyorera uye kudzoreredza.
Kune mari dzine nzira dzekudyara dziri nani pane dzimwe uye, nekudaro, dzine maturusi akawandisa anowanzo buritsa mari dzekutonga dzepamusoro, uye izvo zvinozopedzisira zvashandura mukudzoka kwepamusoro.
Saizvozvo, kufarira kwemuisi wemari mukugarisa muhomwe kunogona kutariswa nehuwandu hwemakomisheni. Kana idzi dzakakura dzekudzikinura kana kunyoreswa makesi, izvi zvinoona mukana wekudyara kana kusaisa muhomwe.
Kuendeswa kwemari
Iyo otomatiki uye yakapusa maitiro anowanzoitika kana isu tisiri kufara nekudyara kwedu. Muchiitiko ichi, tinokumbira kudzoserwa kwehomwe yacho yese kana kuti chikamu chehomwe uye isu panguva imwe chete tinonyora mari iyi mune imwe homwe yekudyara mukati mekambani imwe chete yekutarisira.
Kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo nezve iyi poindi yekupedzisira, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu pa nzira yekukanzura homwe yemari, saka iwe unogona kuvandudza purofiti yako pasina akawanda matambudziko.