Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi nezve Masayenzi ebetsero enhoroondo, ndiyo seti yesainzi inotsigira vaongorori nevanyori venhoroondo kuti vazive zvese zvakaitika munhoroondo yenyika yedu, chinyorwa chekuti nhoroondo inodzidzwa sei kuburikidza neakasiyana ebetsero nhoroondo.
UNOZIVA RUDZIDZO RWESAYENSI YENHOROONDO?
Iyo yebetsero sainzi yenhoroondo, haisi sainzi yakazvipira zvizere kune chirango. Kunyangwe, kana zvakabatana nechidzidzo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ivo vachikupa rubatsiro, nokuti marudzi avo akasiyana-siyana ekuzvipira anounza rubatsiro rukuru kune kufambira mberi kwechirango chaani.
Anenge ese ebetsero sainzi enhoroondo akabatanidzwa kune akasiyana hunyanzvi umo, kazhinji, iwo ndiwo ayo sainzi iyi inonyanya kufarira kudzidza. Zvimwe zvehunyanzvi zvaunogona kuzvitsaurira kwauri, senge Literature munzvimbo inozvimiririra kana imwe nzira yekuziva. Sezvo nzira iyi yainayo nenhoroondo inopa nzira yekubuda kweyatinodaidza kuti nhoroondo yezvinyorwa: chikamu chebazi rakasiyana uye rakasiyana.
Aya maitiro emaitiro anochengetedza hukama hunoenderana nemisoro ine hukama kana iyo yakaumbwa neNhoroondo. Sezvo vachizivikanwa, imhaka yezvimwe zvikamu zvakazaruka nenzira itsva iyo yakatsaurirwa kufundo yenhau, sezvo ichiuya kuva nechinangwa uye icho chiri kudzidza.
Nekune rimwe divi, zvinogoneka kuti zvinomirira idzi nzvimbo dzechokwadi chisingaonekwe, senge nhoroondo. Ndiyo nzira iyo yakachengetedzwa, nekuda kwemaitiro, kubva munzira dzekunzwisisa shoko kana kutarisana nezvimwe zviito zvakaitika munhoroondo. Uye nenzira imwechete chengetedza zviitiko zvose nenzira yakarongeka.
Nechikonzero ichi kuti zvakakosha kuti zvese zvifayerwe zvichitevedzana. Muenzaniso ungave uri, ndewekuti ine chinangwa chekuva nechokwadi chekuti zviitiko zvese zvenhoroondo zvakarongwa nenguva, uye imwe yenzira ine mutsara wenguva.
Nguva
Ndiyo iyo iri chikamu cheiyo yekubatsira sainzi yenhoroondo, iyo ine basa kana kuti inovavarira kuita mamwe maitiro eNhoroondo.
Zita rayo rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwemazwi echiGiriki anoti Chronos (zvinoreva nguva) uye Logos (zvinoreva kunyora, kuziva). Ichi chiito chakanangana nekurongeka kwenguva yezviitiko.
Epigraphy
Inowanikwa muAuxiliary Sayenzi yeNhoroondo uye zvakare kazhinji inozvimiririra. Inobata nezvinyorwa zvekare zvakaitwa pamatombo, pamwe chete nemamwe marudzi enheyo chaidzo dzakanga dzakasakara zvikuru. Kuti tidzidze kuchengetedzwa kwayakachengetedza nekufamba kwemakore, kuverenga nekududzira macode emitauro. Pamwe chete neizvi, zvine hukama, kune rumwe rutivi, kune dzimwe sainzi dzakadai sepaleography, archeology kana numismatics.
Numismatics
Zvinogoneka kuti ndiyo imwe yesainzi yekare yesainzi yebetsero munhoroondo, kubvira payakabuda muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Sainzi iyi yakatsaurirwa chete pakudzidza nekuunganidzwa kwemari nemabhiri zvakapihwa zviri pamutemo nechero nyika pasirese panguva yakatarwa. Kudzidza kwaani kungangove kwedzidziso uye pfungwa (dzidziso) kana nhoroondo (inotsanangura).
Paleography
Icho chikamu chebetsero yesainzi yenhoroondo iyo ine basa rekuita ongororo yakatsoropodza uye yakarongeka yezvinyorwa zvekare, se: kuchengetedza, kududzira, kududzira uye kufambidzana kwemakopi akanyorwa pane kumwe kutsigirwa uye nekwakabva kutsika dzemadzitateguru.
Pane dzimwe nguva inoderedzwa kune rubatsiro maererano neRuzivo Sainzi, senge Library Science.
Heraldry
Chirango icho, sechapfuura, chinosanganisirwa pakati peaya esainzi yenhoroondo iyo inonyatso gadzirisa uye inoongorora zviratidzo uye hunhu hunomiririra weheraldry yezvombo. Ivo vanozivikanwa zvakanyanya panguva yega yega nemhuri dzedzinza munguva dzakapfuura.
Codicology:
Ichi Chirango chakatsaurirwa kudzidza mumabhuku emadzitateguru. Zvisinei, kazhinji havaoni bhuku racho sezvariri.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vasinganzveri zviri mumabhuku sezvavanoita apo vanonzvera nzira yavakagadzira nayo bhuku, zvakadai se: kushanduka kwaro munhau, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Kuisa rubatsiro rwayo zvakananga mumafaira, makodhi, papyri uye dzimwe nzira dzenheyo pamusoro pekutsanangurwa kwekare.
Diplomat
Iyi ndiyo imwe yesainzi yebetsero yenhoroondo inotarisa pakudzidza kwemagwaro. Pasinei nokuti munyori ndiani, kuchengetedza nheyo dzemukati dzekunyorwa kwezvinyorwa zvakadai se: tsigiro, mutauro, chimiro, pakati pedzimwe nzira dzinomupa simba rekubudisa mhedziso pamusoro pehuchokwadi hwayo uye inogona kubvumirwa. kumiririra kwayo chaiko.
Sigillography
Icho chikamu chekubatsira kwesainzi yenhoroondo iyo inotarisira zvisimbiso zvinoshandiswa kuona matsamba uye zvinyorwa zvekwakabva zviri pamutemo: mutauro wavo kunyanya, miganhu yavo yekusika uye nhoroondo inogona kuve.
Historiography
Pane dzimwe nguva sainzi iyi inoonekwa seye meta-nhoroondo, izvi zvinoreva, kuti iNhoroondo yeNhoroondo. Sezvo iri chirango chinotarisira kuferefeta nzira iyo iyo yepamutemo (yakanyorwa) Nhoroondo yenyika dzepasirese inotangwa uye nzira iyo yakati sainzi yakachengetedzwa mumagwaro kana muzvinyorwa zvechimwe chimiro.
unyanzvi
Icho chidzidzo cheunyanzvi kuti panguva imwechete chirango chinozvimiririra zvachose. Kune izvo zvakatsaurirwa kana zvine chekuita nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi munharaunda yevanhu. Sezvo chinangwa chayo chiri chekupindura mubvunzo usingaperi wekuti chii.
Zvisinei, iyo yakabatanidzwa nenhoroondo, vanogadzira Nhoroondo yeArt, iyo inongonakidzwa neunyanzvi nekufamba kwenguva: mafomu makuru ayo aive nawo, kushanduka kwayo uye nzira yekuratidza kufamba kwenguva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Literature
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinyorwa chikamu chebetsero dzesainzi dzenhoroondo. Ndiyo nzira iyo inopindirana nenyaya. Saka ivo vanobatsira kugadzira nzira yeNhoroondo yeMabhuku. Nekune rimwe divi, Iyo Nhoroondo yeArt inonyanya kutungamirwa nechinangwa chayo chekudzidza, sezvo yakatarisana nenhoroondo yekushanduka kwemabhuku kubva kune yayo yekutanga ngano maitiro aripo nhasi.
Mutemo
Zvakafanana nezviri muzviitiko zvose zvakasimudzwa kare, mubetsero dzesainzi dzenhau. Kune zvarinopa rubatsiro pakati peNhoroondo neMutemo, rinogadzira bazi rezvidzidzo zvenhoroondo iro rinoputira chinangwa chayo chekudzidza nenzira idzo vanhu vakaziva kurongedza uye kutonga kururamisira.
Kubva panguva dzekare (imwe yacho yaive nguva yeRoma, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti yakakosha pakuziva kwedu kururamisira) kusvika nhasi uno.
Archaeology
Pamutemo, Archaeology ndiyo yekudzidza kwezvakare zvakasara zvevanhu vakanyangarika, mukutsvaga kwezvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvekuti vanhu vekare vairarama sei. Izvi zvinoshanda nenzira ine chinangwa chakakura kwazvo cheavocation, sezvo anogona kunge ari mabhuku, mafomu eunyanzvi, matongo, maturusi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Pamwe chete nekutsvaga nzira dzekukwanisa kuvanunura. Nenzira iyi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti isainzi inozvimiririra yakataura kuti kuvepo kwaisazobatsira pasina Nhoroondo uye saka, panguva imwecheteyo, inopa yakakosha chitupa maererano neiyo theoretical formulations.
Linguistics
Icho chikamu chesainzi yekubatsira iyo yakanangana nemitauro yemunhu, izvi zvinoreva kuti mune dzakasiyana masisitimu ezviratidzo nezviratidzo zvakakodzera kutaurirana. Inogona kubatanidzwa pane dzimwe nguva nenhoroondo kugadzira chii chinonzi Historical Linguistics kana Diachronic Linguistics: inova chidzidzo chekuchinja munguva yenzira dzekutaura kwekutaura uye yemitauro yakasiyana yakagadzirwa nevanhu.
Stratigraphy
Ichi chirango chinosanganisira kana kudzidza bazi re geology, iro chinangwa chikuru chiri chekutarisa pakurongeka kwematombo anopisa, metamorphic uye sedimentary pasi pevhu, anoonekwa muzviitiko zvetectonic cuts. Nokushandira pamwe neNhoroondo, iyo inopa kusimuka kwekuchera matongo stratigraphy, iyo ruzivo runofamba pamusoro pematombo uye strata kubvumirana pane nhoroondo yedzidziso yepasi.
cartography
Isainzi inova chikamu chesainzi yebetsero yenhoroondo, inobva kubazi rejogirafi. Iyo yakatsaurirwa kune spatial abstraction nzira dzepasi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanoita kugadzira mepu uye maatlasi kana planispheres. Vanoita kudyidzana nenhoroondo kuti vagadzire Nhoroondo yeCartography: chirango chakavhengana chinotsvaga kunzwisisa chingave nhoroondo yemunhu kubva munzira yaakadudzira nayo nyika pamepu dzake.
Ethnography
Ethnography ndiyo sainzi inobata nehukuru hwekudzidza uye tsananguro yevanhu netsika dzavo. Nechikonzero ichi vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kana kuitora sebazi remagariro kana tsika anthropology. Chokwadi ndechekuti inopa ruzivo rwakawanda kuNhoroondo sezvainopa rubatsiro rwayo semamwe sainzi anobatsira enhoroondo.
Saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chimwe chezvishandiso zvakanyanya uye zvakashandiswa nenyanzvi dzemadzinza iNhoroondo yeHupenyu. Iro basa rayo rose rine kana rakavakirwa panhaurirano iripo pakati pevanhu uye inoshandiswa, senzira yayo yakakosha, inova fungidziro kune tsika yainowirirana nayo.
Paleontology
Paleontology isainzi inodzidza zvisaririra zvezvisikwa zvakararama munyika ino makore apfuura, nechinangwa chekunzwisisa mararamiro avaiita uye nekunzwisisa zviri nani enigma yekuvapo panyika.
Muiyi sainzi zvinogona kuonwa kuti yakafanana zvikuru nenhau, sezvo ichitarisana nenguva isati yasvika munhu, ichipa vanyori vezvakaitika kare kufamba kwokuchenjera kuti vafunge nezvenhau pamberi penhau.
Economy
Isainzi inodzidza nzira dzakasiyana idzo vanhu vanoshandura zviwanikwa kuti vabatsirwe. Izvi zvinoreva, kuti modhi dzekuita imwe mhando yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye masevhisi. Sezvo kugutsa zvinodiwa nemunhu panofanirwa kuve nekugadzirwa.
Iine hukama hwepedyo hwenhoroondo, inova chikamu chebazi rinodzidza kuti chii: Nhoroondo yeEconomy, iyo inotarisa kushanduka kwakaitwa nenzanga munyaya dzehupfumi kubva pakutanga kwekuonekwa kwedu munyika. .
Uzivi
Iyi ndiyo sainzi iyo chikamu chesainzi yese. Sainzi dzebetsero dzenhoroondo dzakaumbwa nesainzi yakakosha senge Philosophy.
Zvakaita sainzi iyi ndeyekuti inobata nemafungiro emunhu. Pamwe chete nenhoroondo, inopa nzira yekutanga kweNhoroondo yeKufunga, chidzidzo chekusiyana kwenzira yekuzvifunga iwe uye mune zvakasikwa zvemunhu kubva panguva dziri kure kwazvo kusvika ikozvino.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi iyo yekubatsira sainzi yenhoroondo yakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: