Mamiriro ekunze ndicho chose chinomisikidza zvakatipoteredza uye chinovhiringa kugona kwedu kurarama panyika, mweya watinofema, mvura inofukidza nzvimbo zhinji dzepasi, zvirimwa, mhuka dzakatipoteredza nezvimwe zvakawanda. Muchikamu chino tinokuratidza iwe Hunhu Hwezvakatipoteredza!
Zvakatipoteredza chii?
Izwi rekuti Nzvimbo ichokwadi mukushanduka-shanduka, mune yayo kongiri, yazvino uye synoptic pfungwa, nharaunda saka inoratidzira iyo biophysical nyika inorarama, yakashandiswa uye yakashandurwa nemunhu, pakupedzisira, iwo ese zvinhu zvinotitenderedza uye zvinotibvumira kugara mukati. imwe nzvimbo munyika.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anofukidza zvinhu zvese zvakatenderedza mhuka uye inobvumira kuti irarame, nharaunda yedu itsigiro yedu yakakosha, inoumbwa ne zvakatipoteredza uye zvinoriumba: mhepo, mvura, mhepo, matombo, zvidyarwa, mhuka, zvisinei, zvakatipoteredza chinhu chinokosha chekurarama kwedu, zvinokanganiswa zvine ngozi nemabasa edu, chaizvoizvo, nharaunda (mhepo, ivhu, mvura) yakasvibiswa zvikuru.
Hunhu Hwezvakatipoteredza
ari maitiro ezvakatipoteredza Ndizvo zvinotevera:
Zvipenyu
Chese chipenyu, kana chipenyu, chinogara munzvimbo, nharaunda yechinhu chipenyu chine zvese zvakaikomberedza, mweya, mvura, chiedza chezuva nevhu mienzaniso yezvakatipoteredza, mhoteredzo inogovera chipenyu chimwe nechimwe nezvose zvachinoda kuti chirarame.
Kwese kwePasi kune marudzi mazhinji akasiyana ezvirimwa nemhuka zvinonyanya kukodzera kugara munzvimbo dzadzo, zvisinei, zvakatipoteredza dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukuvadza kune zvipenyu zviri chikamu chazvo, zvisinei kuti zvakasiyana sei nharaunda imwe neimwe, ivo vese. vane chinhu chimwe chete zvakafanana, zvinogara zvichichinja, zvinomera nemhuka zvinofanirwa kuita kune idzi shanduko kuti dzirarame.
Mhepo
Mamiriro ezvinhu anomiririra mhepo yatinofema, sezvo iri iyo yakazara yakazara yatinoti kusvibiswa kwemhepo, asi mhedzisiro pavanhu uye zvisikwa zvinobatika: mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja, zvisingawanzo mhando dzemhuka uye Zvirimwa zviri kutyisidzirwa, madziva ari acidifying, zvivakwa zviri kukoromoka, nezvimwewo.
Mvura
Mvura iyo yakanyatsogoverwa uye inotungamirirwa kuvandudza hutano hwenzizi, Wetlands uye mafashama anozivikanwa semvura yezvakatipoteredza, nzizi, nzizi, uye manyoro anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda dzine hutano uye hupfumi, zvichipa kubatana kwenzvimbo-yakafara kwevanhu, zvirimwa, uye mhuka zvine pundutso dzinowedzera kure mhiri kwemahombekombe erwizi.
Kudyara masango
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kudyara kwemiti kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka pavhu rakasakara, kusanganisira kuchengetedza ivhu pavhu rakasakara kuburikidza nekuderedza kukukurwa kwevhu, pamwe nekuwedzera organic matter yevhu, kuvandudza chimiro chevhu, sequestering carbon, kuwedzera kudya kunovaka muviri, kupa pekugara mhuka dzesango. , kuvandudzika Kusiyana kwezvisikwa zvipenyu nekudyidzana kwazvo, Kugadzira raramo yevarimi kuburikidza nekugonesa agroforestry inoisa dzvinyiriro panyika yesango.
Kutemwa kwemasango
Kutemwa kwemasango ndiko kutema, kurasikirwa kana kubviswa kwemiti nemaune, nzira dzechisikigo kana netsaona, zvinogona kuitika munzvimbo ipi neipi yakanyanyogadzirwa nemiti nemamwe marudzi emiti, asi mazhinji acho ari kuitika muAmazon rainforest.
Kuderera kwemiti nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezvirimwa zvinogona kukonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kukukurwa kwevhu, kushomeka kwezvirimwa, mafashamo, kuwedzera kwemagasi egreenhouse mumhepo, uye nhevedzano yezvipingaidzo kuvagari veko.
Geographical tsaona
Ruzivo rwekushanda rwemaumbirwo evhu rwakakosha kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi, vaongorori vanoongorora mamiriro enzvimbo, vanodhirowedza mapeji vanoshanda kunyatsomiririra kuzorora pamamepu vachishandisa nzira dzakadai semitsetse ye contour kana Irregular Triangulated Network, uye geomorphologists vanodzidza Mavambo uye kushanduka kwetsaona dzenzvimbo.
Temperatura
Kupisa kwenzvimbo kunoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo iyi paNyika (latitude yayo), nzvimbo dzekunze dzinotemerwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, tembiricha inodzikira kubva kuequator ichienda kumatanda, nzvimbo dzinotonhora dziri padyo nematanda. , nzvimbo dzinopisa dziri kumativi ose eequator, uye nzvimbo dzine mwero pakati penzvimbo dzinopisa nedzinotonhora.
Renewable zviwanikwa
Ese masimba emagetsi ane mamwe maitiro zvichienderana ne marudzi enzvimboSemuyenzaniso, zvicherwa zvakaita semarasha, oiri, uye gasi rechisikigo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kudarika simba rinowanikwazve nematanho mazhinji, sezvinoita kusvibiswa kwemhepo nemvura, kukuvadzwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji, kusakara nekubvarura mhuka dzesango nenzvimbo, kushandiswa kwemvura, kushandiswa kwevhu, uye. kupisa kwepasi.
Zviwanikwa zvisingawanikwe
Simba risingadzokerikezve rinoburitsa carbon dioxide, methane nemamwe magasi mumhepo, aya anonzi magreenhouse gases nekuti nenzira imwechete iyo greenhouse inogadzira mhepo inodziya yezvirimwa, magasi anoita kudziya kwezvinhu zvese.Panyika, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinobatidza moto dzinoburitsa mwero wakasiyana wemagasi egreenhouse, marasha achigadzira zvakanyanya.
Kudzokorora
Kudzokorodza kunoderedza kudiwa kwekudonhedzwa uye kudonha, kunatsa uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, izvo zvese zvinoburitsa yakakosha kusvibiswa kwemhepo nemvura, sezvo kudzokorodza kunoponesa simba, kunoderedzawo kuratidzwa kwegreenhouse magasi, ayo anobatsira kutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kukosha Kwezvakatipoteredza
Mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha zvikuru kuhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, ndizvo zvese zvakatikomberedza, zvinogona kunge zvipenyu kana zvisiri zvipenyu mafomu, zvine muviri, makemikari uye mamwe masimba echisikigo, zvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo yazvo, zvichiramba zvichibatana nazvo. uye kuchinja maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo yavo yekugara.
- Mhoteredzo inoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hune hutano hwevanhu.
- Yakakosha nekuti ndiyo chete imba ine vanhu uye inopa mhepo, chikafu, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa.
- Hupenyu hwese hwekutsigira hurongwa hwevanhu hunoenderana nekugara zvakanaka kwezvinhu zvese zvakatipoteredza.
- Mamiriro ezvinhu anoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirisa mhepo uye mamiriro ekunze.
- Chimwe chikonzero nei mhoteredzo ichikosha zvikuru imhaka yokuti ndiyo manyuko orunako rwomusikirwo, uye inodiwawo nokuda kwoutano hwakanaka hwomuviri nowendangariro.
Kuchinja Kwezvakatipoteredza
Hukuru-hukuru, njodzi dzepasirese dzezvakatipoteredza kuhutano hwevanhu dzinosanganisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kupera kwe stratospheric ozone, shanduko ye ecosystem nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, shanduko kune masisitimu emvura uye kupihwa kwemvura yakachena, kushatiswa kwevhu, maguta uye kushushikana kwemaitiro ekugadzira chikafu.
Matambudziko Ezvakatipoteredza
Imwe yematambudziko makuru ndeyekutsva kwemafuta emafuta, kutemwa kwemasango ekurima uye zviitiko zveindasitiri zvakasimudza mumhepo CO2 yakadzika yezvikamu mazana maviri nemakumi masere, kuwedzera kusati kwamboitika, zvese muhukuru uye nekukurumidza, mhedzisiro yekushandurwa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Masango emusango ane marudzi akapfuma ari kuparadzwawo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa, kazhinji kugadzira nzira dzekupfuya mombe, soya kana minda yemafuta emichindwe kana zvimwe zvekurima, mhuka dzesango dziri kuvhimwa kuti dziparare kuti dziparare nyama yemhuka dzesango, nyanga dzenzou kana "mishonga. "zvigadzirwa.
Kusvibiswa
Kusvibiswa idambudziko guru repasi rose, nekuti mararamiro emazuva ano, kunyanya munyika dzakapfuma, anosvibisa zvakanyanya mhoteredzo yaro iri pedyo uye iri kure. Kunyangwe zviri zvimedu zvakanaka zvinoburitswa kubva kumagetsi ekupisa, endocrine zvinokanganisa, izvo zvave kungotanga kuyera kukanganisa kwehutano hwevanhu, nitrate inobuda kubva kuminda yekurima ichienda Rivers, kana kunyange Muradioactivity yemavambo evanhu, yedu nzvimbo yakasvibiswa zvikuru kupfuura yaizivikanwa namadzitateguru edu, kunyange ari pedyo.
njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza
Njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinokanganisa zvakanyanya zvipenyu, njodzi idzi dzinowanzogara kwenguva pfupi, asi dzine simba risingaperi pamhuka nezvirimwa zvinogara munzvimbo ine njodzi, apo neapo njodzi dzenharaunda dzinochinja nharaunda zvekuti kukuvadzwa kweiyo ecosystem. haigadziriswe, mune dzimwe nguva, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunogona kuwanikwa uye nzvimbo yekugara ikagadziridzwa.
Marara ane muchetura uye tsvina ine ngozi
Marara ane muchetura anokuvadza zviri nyore vanhu, mhuka, uye zvirimwa.Ingave inoperera muvhu, hova, kana kunyange mumhepo, imwe chepfu, yakadai semercury nemutobvu, inoramba iri mumhoteredzo kwemakore akawanda uye inochengetwa nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu. kana kuti mhuka dzesango dzinogara dzichinhonga zvinhu izvi zvine chepfu padzinodya hove kana dzimwe mhuka.
Kuchengetedza Kwakatipoteredza
Funga nezvechikamu chose chemhoteredzo, kusanganisira miti, nyanza, uye ivhu, miti inotibatsira kufema inoparadzanisa magasi egreenhouse anogona kuita kuti Nyika iwedzere kudziya, ibate ivhu panzvimbo, uye kusefa mvura inenge yatorwa nevhu nenzira kwayo. .
Pane zvakawanda zvokuita kana tasvika pakuvaka patsva nekuchengetedza zvakasara zvezviwanikwa uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mezvipenyu zvedu, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza ishoko rinotsanangura zvose zvatinoita kuchengetedza nyika yedu uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvayo.kuti chipenyu chimwe nechimwe chipenyu chega chega inogona kuva nehupenyu huri nani.
Kukanganisa kwepasi rose pane zvakatipoteredza
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa pasi redu rose, kubva kumhuka dzesango kusvika kumamiriro ekunze, nhamba dziri pazasi hadzina kuitirwa kukuvhundutsa, asi penda mufananidzo wezvatiri kutarisana nazvo.
Greenhouse effect uye kudziya kwepasi
Muchadenga wePasi unoshanda segiant glass greenhouse, kana mwaranzi yezuva ichipinda mumhepo yedu yakawanda ichiramba ichienda pamusoro penyika, painorova pasi uye pamusoro pemvura mwaranzi iyoyo inoburitsa simba rayo rakawanda muchimiro chekupisa, mamwe kupisa kunodzoserwa muchadenga.
Zvisinei, mamwe magasi ari mumhepo yedu, akadai secarbon dioxide, methane, uye mhute yemvura, anoshanda segumbeze kuti achengetedze kupisa kwakawanda ikoko.Izvi zvinobatsira kuti tidziye mhepo yedu.Magasi anoita izvi nokutora kupisa. Pamusoro penyika.
Magasi aya anodaidzwa nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti “greenhouse gases” nekuda kwekuita kwawo kupisa-teya.” Pasina “greenhouse effect,” Nyika yaizonyanya kutonhora kuti itsigire zvipenyu zvakawanda.
Ozone layer kuparadza
Iyo ozone layer ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemhepo yepasi redu, kunyangwe kudiki kwayo (inowanzo kufananidzwa nepeji rebhuku rine hukama neraibhurari yese), inodzivirira maruva nemhuka dzePasi kubva kune inokuvadza shortwave. ultraviolet mwaranzi kubva kuZuva.
Pasina ozone layer, tupukanana twakawanda twakakosha kune ecosystem twungangoparadzwa, maruva nemhuka zvingaite shanduko, uye kuona kwemhuka nevanhu kwaizokanganiswa zvakanyanya.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti ozone pachayo zvakare chinhu chine njodzi, icho muhuwandu hunokanganisa hutano hwevanhu, chinobatsira mukuparadza maitiro mumapapu emunhu, kuchembera kusati kwasvika kwematishu, nezvimwe.
Asi chikamu chayo mumhepo yakanyanyisa kuduku, inenge 0,0001%, kunhuhwirira kweozone kunogona kunzwika mushure mekutinhira kukuru, kuparadzwa kwe ozone layer ndiko kuumbwa kwemakomba e ozone kuburikidza neanopinda nemirairo ye ultraviolet.
Acid mvura
Acid mvura ndiro zita rinowanzoita kunaya kwemvura ine acid oxides (kazhinji sarufa kana nitrogen), uyezve, inogona kunge isiri yemvura, asiwo mhute, chando, chimvuramabwe, guruva kana magasi, mune yekupedzisira, izwi rekuti "deposition" rinoshandiswa.” dry”.
Asidhi inonaya inokuvadza munhu wese. nzvimbo, inokanganisa kwete zvinomera chete, asiwo zvivako, zvinokuvadza zvivakwa zvekuvaka, kubvisa firimu inodzivirira kubva pamashizha emiti uye inodzivisa kukura kwavo, uyezve, kunaya kwakadaro kunogona kushandura kuumbwa kwevhu uye kusvibisa miviri yemvura , zvichiita kuti zvive zvisina kukodzera hupenyu.