Kuburikidza neiyo inotevera positi iwe unokwanisa kuziva zvese zvine chekuita nezvinonzi minor arts, inozivikanwawo seapplied arts, idzo dzine hunyanzvi hwekushandisa, kuwedzera kune inongori hunyanzvi. Mukati meboka iri mune unyanzvi hwekushongedza uye kugadzira goridhe.
Minor Arts
Muchinyorwa chedu nhasi tichave tichidzidza zvishoma nezve diki arts, inozivikanwawo nevakawanda seApplied arts. Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kunakidza mataurirwo eunyanzvi munhoroondo uye anosanganisira ese aya hunyanzvi ane mashandisiro anoshanda, kuwedzera kune yehunyanzvi chete, mukuwedzera kwayo.
Mukati meboka rehunyanzvi hudiki tinogona kuratidza humwe hunokosha hwakadai sehunyanzvi hwekushongedza, kuwedzera kune kugadzira goridhe, zvisinei zvakakosha kujekesa kuti kana tichitaura nezvehudiki hunyanzvi tinenge tichireva kune zvese zvinosanganisa zvinhu zvehunyanzvi nezvinhu zvechigarire.
Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro pemusiyano uripo pakati pezvinonzi diki art uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya Fine Arts: mutsauko unobva kuGreece. Kunyange zvazvo kune avo vanoedza kurerutsa izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti unyanzvi huduku, zvokwadi ndeyokuti uku kutaura kwave kuchishanda munhau sezvakaita unyanzvi hukuru.
Kwakawanda kwave kuri pesvedzero yehunyanzvi hudiki zvekuti mazhinji ezvivakwa zveprehistoric zvinogona kushanyirwa parizvino zvakaiswa mukati meiyi rudzi rwehunyanzvi rwunozivikanwa seApplied arts. Muenzaniso wakajeka weizvi ndewechero amphora yeRoma, kana mamwe maturusi akanyatsoshandwa uye maturusi akasiiwa nenhengo dzepre-Hispanic civilizations.
Kwemakore, kutanga panguva yeRevolution Revolution uye mushure meimwe nhanho yemazuva ano, iyo pfungwa yanga ichiwedzera huwandu hwayo hwemabasa. Kune dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti hunyanzvi hwekuona, semuenzaniso kutora mifananidzo nemabhaisikopo, zvaifanira kutorwa semhando yehunyanzvi hudiki, nepo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichisiyana neongororo iyi.
Chokwadi ndechekuti pari zvino kune mapazi akasiyana mukati mediki art, kunyangwe rimwe nerimwe rawo rinomira pachena nekusava nekwakabva kwehunyanzvi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa zvezvishandiso zvehunyanzvi ndezvekuti mashandiro avo ari pachena. Mukati memhando iyi yeunyanzvi, marudzi ese ekugadzira anomira pachena, kana kunyange ayo ane hukama nekuvaka.
Nhoroondo yeakashandiswa kana diki arts
Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa chedu tichafamba zvishoma munhoroondo yezvinonzi maApplied arts kana kuti anozivikanwa nevakawanda semadiki arts. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani nyaya iyi, tichakamura rwendo rwacho kuita nguva yakati wandei:
Mavambo epfungwa
Maererano netsanangudzo yaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti unyanzvi huduku hwakanga hwatove huri kushanda kunyange kubva kuPrehistory; zvisinei, vakanga vari vaGiriki avo vakanga vane mutoro wokusiyanisa dzidziso. MaGiriki aitsanangura Hunyanzvi Hwakanaka seaya anogona kufarirwa kuburikidza nekuona nekunzwa, pasina kubata kwenyama.
Nepo hunyanzvi hudiki, sekureva kwevaGiriki, hwaida kupindira kwemamwe ese epfungwa kuti akwanise kunzwisisana chaizvo, ndiko kuti, kwete kuona nekunzwa chete sezvakaitika kune Fine Arts. Mukati meboka iri, mamwe mafungu anogona kuratidzwa, senge perfumery uye gastronomy.
Imwe nguva gare gare, pfungwa yezvidiki zvehunyanzvi yaive kuwana zvinhu zvitsva uye kutora shanduko diki, kuisa simbiso chaiyo yekuti izvo zvakaitwa zvine mashandisiro anobatsira kana kuti zvaingova zvehunyanzvi.
Middle Ages
Zvinotendwa kuti maive mukati meMiddle Ages apo hunyanzvi hudiki hwakaratidza hunhu hwavo hwekutanga. Kukurudzira uku kwaikonzerwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, asi chimwe chainyanya kukosha kwaiva kutaridzika kwemasangano emhizha, aiona nezvekugadzira misangano nekudzidzisa vashandi vavo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakonzera kusimudzirwa kwehunyanzvi hudiki mukati meMiddle Ages kwaive kutaridzika kwemabhunu, uko kwakakurudzira zvikuru kuwanda kwevatengi vatsva, kupfuura madzishe kana Chechi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva yeRomanesque anenge mabasa ese aichengeta chinangwa chechitendero.
Hunyanzvi hudiki hwakasimudzirwa muMiddle Ages hwaive hunenge hwakanangana nevatengi vaive nemari yakawanda, saka kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita segoridhe nematombo anokosha ekutsanangudza kwerudzi urwu rwebasa kwaive hunhu.
Textile dhizaini zvakare inowana inonakidza kukurudzira panguva ino. Kwete chete zvekupfeka, asiwo nematepi akanaka edzimba kana nhare dzevane simba. Makushe nehemp zvinomira pachena sezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa, zvichiteverwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sesirika nerineni yekumabvazuva.
MuGothic, chinonyanya kushamisa pasina kupokana mavakirwo ane kuvakwa kwemacathedrals nematemberi anoyevedza. Zvisinei, yakanga isiri iyo chete chivako chakadaro chakaita chimiro, asi kupfuura zvinhu zvose zvekushongedza zvakashandiswa kushongedza rudzi urwu rwekuvaka: kubva pamahwindo egirazi akasvibiswa kusvika kune zvivezwa.
Kugadzirwa kwefenicha kunobatsirwa nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi, sezvakaita pfuma yakashongedzwa.
neoclassicism
Neoclassicism yaive imwe nhanho munhoroondo umo madiki art akakwanisawo kuwana nguva huru. Kubva 1750 hunyanzvi hwekushongedza hunoratidza kukwezva kunonakidza, kunyanya munyika dzakaita seEngland neFrance.
Nzira yekushanda hunyanzvi hudiki panguva ino yaizivikanwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuremedza, kunyangwe kutonhora. Mafomu akapfava, akapfava ainyanya kushandiswa, zvichida mukupindura maitiro ekare eRococo, ayo akanga akazara nekuwedzeredza kwemaitiro.
Industrial Revolution
Iyo Industrial Revolution yaive imwe yematanho ane simba uye akakosha kune diki arts kazhinji, kunyanya nekuti zvaireva shanduko kubva mukugadzira manyorerwo ehunyanzvi kusvika mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Yakanga iri mushure meIndustrial Revolution apo rudzi urwu rwezvinhu rwakatanga kugadzirwa nenzira huru, yakaitirwa veruzhinji.
Ikoko ndiko kwaive kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa neIndustrial Revolution mudiki arts, zvekuti mukati memakore ekutanga ekugadzirwa, kufarira mukushongedza, uko kwaimboratidza hudiki hunyanzvi, kwakasiiwa parutivi. Kubva panguva ino zvinhu zvinova zvekushandisa chete.
Munguva iyi yenhoroondo, vaingova vanhu vakapfuma chete vaigona kuwana kugadzirwa kwemaoko, kunyange kutanga maitiro anoenderera mberi nanhasi: kukoshesa kukuru kwemhizha dzakagadzirwa zvichienzaniswa nemabhizimisi.
Arts & Crafts
Raiva sangano rakatora matanho ekutanga mukati memakore ekuma60 nema70. Chete kana tikaongorora zvinoreva zita rayo taigona kunzwisisa zvishoma nezve pfungwa yerudzi urwu rwechinangwa: Arts and Crafts.
Nenzira iyi, uye tichifunga nezve kukosha kudiki uko vakararama panguva yeIndustrial Revolution vanopa kune diki arts, vagadziri vezvino uno vanoedza kuvapa simba idzva. Nenzira iyi, vakaedza kudzokera kubasa remhizha, vachiedza kudzokera kune tsika. Kwavari, hunyanzvi hunofanirwa kunge hwakanakisa sehunobatsira, pasina chinhu chimwe chiri kupesana nechimwe.
Makumi maviri emakore
Zvingave zvisingaite kuramba kukanganisa kwakave nezana ramakore rechiXNUMX panhoroondo yehunyanzvi mune zvese, uye hazvisi kunze kwehunyanzvi hudiki. Iyi nguva yaimiririra shanduko yehunyanzvi uye yezvinhu zvisati zvamboonekwa. Dhizaini, mune yega yega yekutaura kwayo, inobatanidzwa sehwaro hweiyo yakashandiswa art.
Kupfuura izvozvo, kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kwakaramba kuchiwedzera, asi ikozvino nechinangwa chakajeka: Kuedza kuunza kukwezva kukuru mutengi.
Nekuda kwekufamba kwakadai seBauhaus uye, pamusoro pezvose, Art Deco, hunyanzvi hwekushongedza hwakakwanisa kuzvisimbisa mukati menzanga. Art Deco yaive yakakosha kusvika pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II uye yaive nemitsara yakakombama mumifananidzo yemifananidzo uye maumbirwo ejometri mufenicha.
XXI remakore
Iwo madiki art anoramba aine pesvedzero uye anonakidza kusvika muzana ramakore reXNUMX. Kunyanya rudzi urwu rwekutaura kweunyanzvi hunoramba huine maitiro akafanana uye kukosha.
Sezvazvave zvakadaro kwemamwe makore, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa padanho reindasitiri, kunyangwe hazvo zvakanakisa uye zvinoyevedza, zvakasiyana kubva kune izvo zvakaitwa nemaoko, izvo zvinopihwa zvakanyanya kukosha. Zvitaera zvishoma zvezvivakwa, zvepamusoro-soro uye deconstructivism, zvakatyora nhaka yezana ramakore rakapfuura, nehukuru hwezvinonzi post-yazvino art.
Mazhinji anomiririra marudzi eakashandiswa art
Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa chedu tichazoziva mamwe emhando dzakasarudzika dziripo mukati meanonzi madiki art:
Architecture
Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti chikamu chikuru chinotarisa kuti zvivakwa hazvifaniri kurondedzerwa seunyanzvi huduku, basa rayo risina mubvunzo risingagoni kurambwa: aesthetics uye utility.
Dhizaini dhizaini
Dhizaini yemafashoni yave makore akati wandei ikozvino imwe yemhando dzinonakidza uye dzakakosha dzehunyanzvi hudiki munhoroondo, kunyanya kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, payakatanga kuve nesimba guru. Isu tinofanirwa kusiyanisa pakati pezvipfeko-zvakagadzirwa-zhinji uye mamodheru akagadzirirwa macatiwalks, zvakanyanya padyo nepfungwa yekushandiswa art.
Graphic dhizaini
Graphic dhizaini inogona kutorwa seimwe yeazvino yekuwedzera kune chikamu chediki art. Ndiyo imwe yeayo akaita zvakanyanya matekinoroji matsva.
Industrial design
Ndiyo imwe yemhando inomiririra yehudiki art. Iri nezve dhizaini yekugadzira maindasitiri, iyo inoramba ichitsvaga nzira dzekunyanya kutaridzika kuitira kukwezva kutarisa kwevatengi.
Engraving uye mhizha
Yakarongedzerwa pakati pehunyanzvi hwepurasitiki, hapasati pave nekubvumirana kuti ungavafunga here pakati pehunyanzvi hudiki, asi zvisinei neizvi, vazhinji vanotenda kuti imhaka yehunhu hwavo.
Publicidad
Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti inoenderana neimwe yeazvino maart art, maitiro ayo achiri kunakidza. Inotsanangurwa semhando yehunyanzvi hudiki nekuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa murudzi urwu rwekutaura zvakazara nezvinokwezva zveunyanzvi nenzira inokwezva zvine simba kutarisisa kwevanogamuchira uye inoita kuti shoko rifambiswe zvinobudirira sezvinobvira.
Photography
Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti chikamu chakanaka chevagadziri vemifananidzo havabvumirani nekutora mafoto kusanganisirwa semhando yehunyanzvi hudiki, zvisinei vazhinji vanonyanya kufungidzira kuisa kutaura uku mukati meiyo inoshandiswa art. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mafoto ane basa rakajeka sechishandiso chekunyora mamiriro uye mamiriro akasiyana.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: