Nhasi tinokuunzira iwe kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza zvese nezve constructivism art hunyanzvi hwazvino hwakabuda kubva mairi mushure meKumukira kwaGumiguru uko kuvakwa, hunhu uye zvimwe zveiyi hunyanzvi kufamba kwakaratidzwa. Usarega kuiverenga!
Chii chinonzi Constructivism Art nezve?
Constructivism Art ndeyezvino inokurudzira kufamba kwecubism iyo yavanoshandisa hunhu hwenguva nenzvimbo nechinangwa chekugadzira mafomu ane simba.
Naizvozvo, zvisikwa zveava maartist zvaive zvakavakirwa pakuvaka kwemasvomhu uko nguva nenzvimbo inokosheswa sechinhu chakakosha muchidimbu chimwe nechimwe chakaitwa.
Izwi rechiRussian Constructivism rinosimbisa Constructivism Art kunyanya mundima yemifananidzo uye yekuvaka yakabuda muRussia makore a1914, ichiwana kukosha mushure meBolshevik Revolution ya1917.
Zvakakosha kuziva nezve Constructivism Art, iyo yaive avant-garde yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX iyo yaibatanidza mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eRussia, iyo yakanga yaparadzwa mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mamiriro emukati akaburitsa chimurenga chakatora simba.
Kubuda kweConstructivism Art
Tevere tichatsanangura kubuda kwe constructivist art:
Mabviro
Kwakabva mugore ra1914 murudzi rweRussia pashure peChimurenga chaOctober nechinangwa chokurondedzera nenzira yokuzvidza basa rakaitwa naAleksandr Ródchenko, nyanzvi yemifananidzo yakawanda yakaita zvivezwa, mapikicha, mifananidzo uye magadzirirwo emifananidzo. neimwe nyanzvi inonzi Kasimir Malevich.
Asi iri izwi rekuti Art Constructivism rakaburitsa seti yemafambiro mundima yehunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo, sezvakaita nyaya yeDutch constructivism.
Russia, kune chikamu chayo, yakatora Constructivist Art sechimiro chitsva uye yakagadzira Vkhutemas Chikoro cheArt uye Dhizaini, icho chaipesana nechikoro chekare cheFine Arts chiri muMoscow.
Musanganiswa pakati pe cubist uye futuristic avant-garde inoratidzwa kuburikidza nepurasitiki iri nyore asi izere nekufamba uko kubvisa ndiro dingindira rakakosha mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa anoitwa mune ino hunyanzvi sangano rinozivikanwa seConstructivism Art.
Constructivism Art Manifesto
Mugore ra1920 Gabo Diem achibatsirwa nemukoma wake Pevsner anopa Realist Manifesto panowanikwa izwi rekuti Constructivism Art.
Sesangano repositivist raakashandisa sezita rerimwe remabhuku ake uye aifananidzira kuita kweiyi sangano rehunyanzvi.
Easel art yakarambidzwa mumanifesto iyi, ichimanikidza maartist kuti ashandure mabasa avo kuburikidza nekushandisa dhizaini yeindasitiri.
Vazhinji maartist vakabva kuRussia panguva iyoyo, asi Constructive Art yaive manyuko ekurudziro kune vekuMadokero, saka pfungwa dzavo dzakagara kusvika gore ra1950.
Izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti Soviet Revolution inotsvaga nzira nyowani dzekuratidza capitalist system kuburikidza nedemocracy maitiro ekugovera zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye masevhisi.
Vaimbi veiyi Art Constructivism movement vanoda kushandisa kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri senzira yekunakisa pakati pavo ndiAlexander Rodchenko, Naum Gabo, Vladimir Tatlin, El Lissitzky, Wassily Kandinski naKazimir Malevich.
dingindira guru rekurudziro
Dingindira guru rekufemerwa muConstructivism Art raive kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi nechinangwa chekugadzira art, iyo yavakashandisa dzidziso dzakasiyana pakati pavo.
Mapikicha, mifananidzo, typography, dhizaini yemafashoni, kushambadza, dhizaini yemaposta uye yemukati dhizaini kuti ugadzire mabasa ako ehunyanzvi.
Iri muConstructivism Art uko kunoonekwa kuti zvinhu zvave kutora nzvimbo zvakakosha pakugadzira maindasitiri.
Art yakanga iri pakushandira nzanga, uye panguva ino yenhoroondo yemakomonisiti, kutaura kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kwekuona kwakagadzira hurongwa hutsva hwemagariro evanhu, huchiendesa kupararira kwemafungiro evanhu.
Hunhu hunokosha hwemhando iyi yeunyanzvi
Humwe hunhu hukuru hunomiririra Constructivist Art inyaya yekuti yakashandiswa kuparadzira mameseji echimurenga.
Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi midhiya senge maposter, kushambadza, typographies, mifananidzo, mafoto kutaurirana zvinoonekwa nevanhu.
Humwe hunhu hweConstructivism Art kufarira kwayo kuita matatu-dimensional mabasa apo pfungwa isinganzwisisike inounzwa.
Zvichienderana nazvo kuindasitiri uye hunyanzvi pamwe nekuitwa kwemitsara uye manhamba ejometri ane pfungwa inoshanda.
Constructivism Art ine hukama nekufamba kweCubism, Futurism uye Dadaism, kuramba hunyanzvi hwebourgeois uye chishongo chekare.
Mavara eConstructivism Art ibhuruu, yero, tsvuku, orenji, chena, pamwe nedema kugadzira zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekufambira mberi uko maturusi ebasa anorema anoshandiswa.
Naizvozvo, Constructivism Art inotaurirana kuburikidza nenzvimbo, chiedza uye nguva nharaunda yakatenderedza chidimbu kuti chisimbiswe mubasa reunyanzvi.
Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvose zviri zviviri mitsara inooneka uye yakajeka kupa simbiso huru kune basa rebasa, humwe hunhu hukuru hweConstructivist Art ndeyekuva pabasa reRevolution.
Pakati pavo tinogona kutaura nezvemitambo yeruzhinji pamwe nekusikwa kwezvinyorwa zvinoratidza mabasa akaitwa nehurumende yeRevolution yaimiririra Bolshevik.
Naizvozvo, mushure meKumukira kwaGumiguru, zvinoonekwa kuti Constructivism Art inosanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita, kusanganisira theatre umo mabasa makuru anoonekwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, mushandirapamwe wezvenhau wenhau waizivikanwa neshoko reVentana Rosta, iro raive sangano retsika rakaedza kupindura nehunyanzvi hwekuita hunopa hupenyu kuConstructivism Art.
Nzvimbo uko Constructivism Art yakagadziridzwa
Idzo nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa Constructivism Art dzakasiyana zvakanyanya murudzi rweRussia, saka mune ino chinyorwa tichakutsanangurira iwe zvakadzama.
kugadzirwa kwejira
Constructivism Art inotanga kuburikidza neiyo graphic dhizaini yeanonakidza manhamba anogona kuendeswa kune yepanyama svikiro kuti mune iyi kesi jira, iwo anogadzirwa padanho reindasitiri achigadzira anokatyamadza mamodheru.
Mavara anomira pachena mukugadzirwa kwemachira aienderana neConstructivism Art, ari tsvuku, bhuruu, orenji, yero, dema uye chena, pamwe nekuwedzera geometric manhamba.
Sezvinhu zvinogona kuoneka mune graphic dhizaini yemachira senge matatu, rectangles, madenderedzwa, madhaimondi, kunyangwe mitsetse munzira dzakasiyana.
Magadzirirwo akanaka anogadzirwa kuburikidza nemachira kuburikidza neConstructivism Art uko simba, kufamba uye multidirectionality inocherechedzwa.
Soviet sportswear
Ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iyo Constructivism Art yakapinda nekuti mutambo waive mutsara weHurumende waifanira kuzadzikiswa sechimurenga.
Vagari vacho vanofanirwa kuve nemuviri mutsva uye uzere nesimba nekuda kwechimiro chemuviri icho Hurumende yeRussia yaigona kudiwa pane imwe nguva.
zvipfeko zvemitambo
Imwe yenzvimbo idzo Constructivism Art ventures iri muzvipfeko zvaishandiswa munhau semabhaisikopo uye theatre, vaive nehunyanzvi.
Kana iri dhizaini yezviratidziro zvakaitwa nevatambi nevatambi, izvo zvipfeko zvitsva zvakagadzirirwa mukuwedzera kune kuhaya kwevamwe nyanzvi mune iyi svikiro.
Pakutanga, mukugadzirwa kwembatya dzevanyori vemifananidzo yaizoitwa, vaiti vemifananidzo, vapendi, vagadziri vezvivako, vagadziri vezvivako, pakati pevamwe, vaidiwawo.
Kugadzira zvidimbu zvinoshamisa uye maererano nezvipfeko, vakadzi vanotanga kuenzana nevarume mumashandisirwo ezvokupfeka, zvidimbu zvezvipfeko izvi zvaive bhomba guru muConstructivist Art.
Pasina kukanganwa kuti muEurope yose kwaakashandisa simba rake nekushandisa maitiro matsva apo ruvara rwakanga rwuri protagonist kuburikidza nekufungidzira kwemaindasitiri kwakabvumira kufamba, kutanga shanduko yeindasitiri.
Icho chivezwa
Vanyori vanoita zvivezwa mumhando iyi yeConstructivism Art apo nzvimbo uye kufamba zvakabatanidzwa mumabasa, izvo zvinhu zvakadai sewaya, girazi, huni, plaster, plastiki, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinoshandiswa.
Art inomira kuzadzisa basa rekushandisa munharaunda kuti rive risinganzwisisike. Parizvino ndipo apo Constructivist Art inobatanidza michina yemazuva ano kuburikidza nefizikisi nerubatsiro rwemichina sekunge injinjiniya inoda kugadzirisa dambudziko renharaunda.
Ceramics yaive imwe nharaunda yakafurirwawo neConstructivist Art, ichiita manhamba ejometri nemitsetse munzira dzakasiyana pane chena kumashure.
Iyo yakaratidza zvemazuva ano uye simba kune nzanga yeRussia muConstructivism Art uye nekudaro kune vamwe vagari veEuropean kondinendi uye kunyange America.
Kupenda mumutambo uyu
Yakanga iri ndima yakakosha zvikuru muConstructivist Art uye yakapesvedzera dzimwe nzvimbo, senge mafoto uye graphic dhizaini, zvese mumachira uye zvipfeko, uye mumaposta uye zviziviso.
Magadzirirwo akaonekwa mupendi inomiririra Constructivism Art aionekwa seabstract sezvo manhamba ejometri achishandiswa.
Kuwedzera kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinobvumira kuona miviri ine mwero wepamusoro wekutaura kuburikidza nemapfekero uye pasina kukanganwa nzvimbo iyo yakapa hukuru hukuru kune nzvimbo uye nguva iyo basa rakaratidzwa.
Pakati peakanyanya kukosha mabasa ehunyanzvi muConstructivism Art ane hukama nekugadzira machira akashandura dzimwe nzvimbo.
Sezvakaita kutamba, cinema, terevhizheni uye theatre. Usazeze kuenderera mberi nekuverenga nezve iyi inonakidza musoro apo isu tinokupa iwe anonyanya kukosha mabasa.
Musoro Wemukadzi
Iri basa rakaitwa nemuvezi wekuRussia anonzi Naum Gabo apo panoratidzwa nhevedzano yezvinhu zvinoenda nenzira yemitsara uye mitsetse mishoma apo chiso chemunhu chinoonekwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwenhamba dzejometri.
Ndehumwe hunhu hwebasa iri hunomiririra Constructivism Art yakavakirwa pajeometry kuita kuumbwa zvinoenderana nekuravira kwemunyori.
The architecture
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zveConstructivist Art architecture yaive yekuparadzira avant-garde muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevagari vemo. Akatsvaga kuvaka nzvimbo iyo itsva Russian socialist chimera inogona kuwanikwa.
Mapurojekiti akaitwa aive nechinangwa chekushandisa kune vashandi, vakatouya kuzogadzira mapurojekiti akasiyana, senge nyaya ye guta rinobhururuka naGyorgy Krutikov.
Ichi chirongwa chaive chisungo chakakomba chekuvaka dzimba mumhepo zvichiratidza kunyanyisa kwaivepo muConstructivist Art sezvo chaikurudzira kuenzana munharaunda uye kunyange kupikisa fizikisi nemapurojekiti akashinga.
Kushandisa Constructivism Art mukuvaka kwakagadzira shanduko muhupenyu hwemazuva ese hwevagari verudzi, saka vaifanira kugadzira nekuvaka guta idzva renharaunda iyi yaive ichishandurwa.
Kutarisisa kwekuvaka kwaive mukugadzirwa kwezvivakwa zvitsva zvemasevhisi enharaunda kubva pakuona kwekushandisa.
Nechikonzero ichi, makirabhu akagadzirirwa vashandi, nzvimbo dzekunakidzwa nekuzorora kwevashandi, dzimba dzakaungana, zvikoro, nzvimbo dzekutaurirana, magaraji, nezvimwe.
Zvese nechinangwa chekuve zvivakwa zvemhando yekushandisa uye pabasa renharaunda yeRussia. Pakati pavo panogona kutaurwa nezveBeehive House uye Rusakov Workers 'Club yakavakwa mugore ra1929.
Inoratidzawo chivakwa cheMosselprom chekugara kubva ku1917, iyo Shabolovka Communications Tower kubva ku1922, pakati pevamwe.
Monument kune yechitatu International
Ndicho chidimbu chine mukurumbira chakagadzirwa nemuimbi Tatlin, chimwe chezvakakosha zvidimbu muConstructivism Art, nechinangwa chekuve chiratidzo chesocialism pamwe nekuve muzinda weComintern.
Chimiro chebasa iri reunyanzvi riri mumhepo kubva mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita sesimbi negirazi panguva yenhoroondo yaive yakakura kwazvo asi mushure mekuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika yeRussia uye kushoropodzwa kwakasimba kwakaitwa basa iri chikonzero chekudzivisa. kusarudzwa kwayo.
Iyi purojekiti haina kuita yechokwadi asi yakaratidza kushambadzira kwake kwekutanga mukuvaka maererano nemuenzaniso weiyi basa rehunyanzvi, isimbi furemu inoyera ingangoita 6.7 metres kureba iyo inotsamira pahumburumbira inotenderera, cube nekoni.
Ichi chiyeuchidzo chakabatanidza aesthetics yemuchina pamwe nekufamba kwakapembererwa neindasitiri sezviratidziro uye zviratidziro zvinoreva nhanho kumberi muhunyanzvi.
Ichi chirongwa hachina kuitwa nekuda kwehondo yevagari vemo uye kudonha kwehurumende yeLenin kwaireva kuti basa guru iri raisakwanisa kuitwa sezvo zvinhu zvekusikwa kwayo zvaidhura.
Vanyori vanonyanya kukosha muConstructivism Art
Nguva yenhoroondo yakabvumira kugadzira Iyo Inovaka Art yakabvumidzwa kubatanidza hunyanzvi nezvinangwa zvedzidzo mukufarira shanduko yemakomunisti kuve mavara anotevera:
Vladimir Tatlin
Imwe nyanzvi yeRussia yakasununguka muna 1885 ndokufa muna 1953, sezvo akanga ari muvaki, muvezi uye muvezi. Akazivisa achitsigira Chimurenga chaOctober cha1917 uye naizvozvo akarondedzerwa somuvengi wavanhu.
Aive mumwe wevamiriri vakuru veConstructivism Art kugadzira mabasa uko chinhu chikuru chaive masimbi akabhenda mukuwedzera kune kudhonzwa kwewaya uye airova nepurasita modhi nemagirazi akaputsika kuti awedzere pane chidimbu chaagadzira.
Tatlin aive pamberi pehunyanzvi hwenharaunda yaive ichichinja muRussia, mabasa ake anoratidza kurambwa kwechivezwa chakashongedzwa uye chakakwana kuti chigadzirise nezvivezwa zvitsva zvaipikisa miganhu yekunaka.
Akanga ari mutariri wekuratidza kubatsira kwezvinhu zvekunyaradza kwevanhu, kuratidza nzvimbo dzomukati dzezvinhu zvaakashandisa, kubva kune tsika dzechinyakare kuburikidza nekubatana nenzvimbo dziripo uye dzekugara.
Akave nemukana wekushanyira Picasso muParis mushure mekudzoka kwake kuRussia akatanga kuita zvivakwa zvekuyamura mumabasa ake eunyanzvi. Akaita nhevedzano yezvivezwa zvine zvinhu zvinobatsira izvo zvaitevedzera basa remugadziri wekuSpain.
Aleksandr Rodchenko
Akazvarwa muna 1891 ndokuzofa muna 1956, aive mumwe wevatungamiriri veConstructivism Art kuRussia.Akaratidza kuve munhu ane hunyanzvi hwemhando dzakawanda sezvo aive graphic designer,muvezi,mupendi uye mutori wemifananidzo uye aive akaroora muimbi Varvara Stepánova.
Akapa zvivezwa zvakarembera kunyika pamwe chete nemifananidzo, kunyange kugadzira zvimedu zvemonochrome kwenguva yakati. Mabasa emuimbi uyu anopesvedzerwa necubism uye kunyangwe nefuturism mumabasa ake ehunyanzvi ari pamusoro pese injinjiniya yekuona.
Akadzidza paChikoro cheKazan cheArt kuburikidza nekumukira uye akazvibatanidza nevaBolsheviks.Nekuda kweizvi, muna 1920 akagadzwa Mutungamiriri weMuseum Office uye Purchase Fund.
Naizvozvo, aive nekuzvipira kwakaoma kuronga patsva zvikoro zvedzidzo nemamiziyamu erudzi rweRussia vachishandisa propaganda sechimiro cheConstructivist Art vachifarira shanduko.
Akagadzira zvisingaverengeki mafotomontages aaizove shasha munzvimbo ino yehunyanzvi achishandisa abstraction kuburikidza nemakona aiita seasingagoneke pamwe nemusanganiswa uye blurs mukufarira kuzvipira munharaunda. Vatema ndivo vainyanya kutonga, saka akagadzira eccentric mabasa aizobatsira mukuchinja kweBolshevik.
Naum Gabo
Akazvarwa muna 1890 uye akafa muna 1977, akanga ari muvezi mukuru uye muvezi werudzi rweRussia, pamwe chete nemukoma wake, vakaita manifesto apo vanoramba mafungu e cubism uye futurism. Saka constructivism art inofambidzana nezviito zvezvematongerwo enyika kubvira 1920 apo mabasa emuimbi uyu anova akakosha.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake, muimbi uyu anogadzira zvipfeko zvakabatana zvenharaunda yeRussia pamwe neyekutamba, yetiyeta nemitambo yemabhaisikopo kwaanoitawo nezvenzvimbo.
Varvara Stepanova
Uyu muimbi weRussia akaberekwa muna 1894 uye akafa muna 1958. Anotarisa pakusikwa kwezvinhu zvinoonekwa senzira itsva yekukurukurirana mubasa revanhu vazhinji. Akasangana nemurume wake Aleksandr Ródchenko paKazan Art School kubvira ipapo vakashanda pamwechete paConstructivism Art yaive muenzaniso wakajeka wekusunungurwa kwevakadzi kwakatsigirwa nenyika yeRussia.
Kutenda kune izvi, kuburikidza neConstructive Art, akawana matanho akabvumira kushandura mamiriro evanhukadzi, pakati pavo, mitemo inogona kutaurwa, kunze kwekukwanisa kushanda maawa masere pazuva uye kutaurirana muhoro wavo, iyo yavakatanga. kuita kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakafanana nedzevanhu. Anogadzira zvigadziriso zvitsva zvemachira uye zvipfeko izvo zvakazowedzerwa neindasitiri, zvakashandiswa nenyanzvi mundima inoyevedza uye zvaakasika zvakatengeswa semugadziri wembatya.
Hunhu hukuru hwezvipfeko izvi hwakanga huri kuiswa kwemifananidzo yejometri yakadhindwa pamicheka pamwe chete nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemavara anofadza, zvichiita kuti magadzirirwo ave akasiyana, uye akashandisawo kushandiswa kwemitsara yakarurama.
Uyu mumiriri wenyanzvi weConstructivism Art akapindawo muminda yekutora mifananidzo, kupenda uye dhizaini yenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuburikidza nekushongedza kwakafemerwa nekufamba uku.
Nhaka yeiyi Artistic Movement
Constructivism Art kuburikidza nekuyedza nehunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri inounza shanduko dzakakura mumunda wekutamba, theatre, cinema, pendi, kuveza, fashoni uye graphic arts kubva kumhepo ye cubism kubva kwainotora akati wandei maturusi uye zviwanikwa zvekugadzira kwayo.
Kwete mukondinendi yeEurope chete asiwo muAmerica umo maartist akagadzira kuburikidza nemisanganiswa mitsva yakakurudzirwa neavant-garde currents.
Constructivism Art für chiziviso chinooneka cheCommunist soviet nzanga chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chekuunza hunyanzvi kuvanhu vachiinunura kubva kune vepamusoro.
Saka maartist aimiririra Constructivism Art akatarisana neminda yekugadzira kuyedza nekubatanidza hunyanzvi hwekuita kuburikidza nehunyanzvi uye nzira nyowani nekupinda kwenhamba dzejometri.
Creative Art haina kuratidzwa mumakamuri emabourgeois elite asi mumigwagwa nekuti art yaive yekuti vanhu vekuRussia vanakidzwe nehupenyu hwemazuva ese vachigadzira amalgam kuburikidza nedhizaini, zvivakwa, engineering, kupenda uye zvivezwa.
Mhedziso
Constructivism Art yaive huzivi hwehupenyu apo hunyanzvi hwaishandiswa seshanduko yemagariro uye kwete sekutaura kwemunhu. Kutsvaga kurongeka kutsva mune hunyanzvi nekuyedza midhiya mitsva kuti zviite nyore.
Chimurenga cheSoviet chakatsvaga nzira itsva dzekuzviratidza nechinangwa chekukwanisa kushandura hurongwa hwecapitalist kuti huve chirongwa chegutsaruzhinji apo kugadzirwa nekugovewa kwezvinhu kwaikunda zvakaenzana kuvagari vayo.
Muzvinyorwa zveConstructivism Art iwo akavakwa kuburikidza nemasvomhu modhi achikoshesa chiedza, nzvimbo uye nguva mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi asi kubva pakuona kwekunaka.
Saka vakaendesa hunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwemaposter, kutaipa, dhizaini yefashoni, propaganda yemifananidzo, zvivakwa zvemukati uye magadzirirwo enzvimbo dzeveruzhinji pamwe nemifananidzo.
Bato iri raive chikamu chakakosha chekubatsira kweConstructivism Art, iyo yaidzivirira kubata pamuviri kweinjiniya muimbi uye chinangwa chayo chakakosha chaive chekugadzirisa zvinodiwa munharaunda yenyika yeRussia.
Kana zviri zvekugadzirwa kwemagadzirirwo akakura, mamwe mashoma akaitwa. Yakakura nesimba guru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakambotaurwa munyaya ino inonakidza yeConstructivism Art, yakadai semitambo yemitambo, kutora mifananidzo, kutaipa, dhizaini yefashoni, kupenda. , nezvimwewo pakati pevamwe.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: